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Virulence of Steinernema ceratophorum against different pest insects and their potential for in vivo and in vitro culture

Xun Yan
Xun Yan
, 
Guimei Chen
Guimei Chen
, 
Yuqing Chen
Yuqing Chen
, 
Bingjiao Sun
Bingjiao Sun
, 
Xinghui Gu
Xinghui Gu
, 
Weibing Ruan
Weibing Ruan
 and 
Richou Han
Richou Han
   | Apr 16, 2021
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Published Online: Apr 16, 2021
Page range: 1 - 12
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-046
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© 2021 Xun Yan et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Corrected mortality rates of different larval stages of Spodoptera exigua, S. frugiperda, Ostrinia nubilalis and Helicoverpa armigera after treated by Steinernema ceratophorum at 25, 50, and 100 IJ/larva for 48 h. Bars with different letters indicate significant difference among different nematode rates of the same larval stage of each insect pest according to Tukey’s test at P = 0.05.
Corrected mortality rates of different larval stages of Spodoptera exigua, S. frugiperda, Ostrinia nubilalis and Helicoverpa armigera after treated by Steinernema ceratophorum at 25, 50, and 100 IJ/larva for 48 h. Bars with different letters indicate significant difference among different nematode rates of the same larval stage of each insect pest according to Tukey’s test at P = 0.05.

Figure 2:

Mortality of Galleria mellonella, Tenebrio molitor and Spodoptera litura larvae treated by Steinernema ceratophorum at 50, 100, and 200 IJ/larva at 20, 25, and 30°C after 48 and 72 h. Bars with different letters indicate significant difference in mortality rates of the same host at the same temperature, according to Tukey’s test at P = 0.05.
Mortality of Galleria mellonella, Tenebrio molitor and Spodoptera litura larvae treated by Steinernema ceratophorum at 50, 100, and 200 IJ/larva at 20, 25, and 30°C after 48 and 72 h. Bars with different letters indicate significant difference in mortality rates of the same host at the same temperature, according to Tukey’s test at P = 0.05.

Figure 3:

Yield of infective juveniles (IJ) of Steinernema ceratophorum cultured in Galleria mellonella, Tenebrio molitor and Spodoptera litura at inoculum concentration of 50, 100, and 200 IJ/larva at 20, 25, and 30°C.
Yield of infective juveniles (IJ) of Steinernema ceratophorum cultured in Galleria mellonella, Tenebrio molitor and Spodoptera litura at inoculum concentration of 50, 100, and 200 IJ/larva at 20, 25, and 30°C.

Figure 4:

Yield of infective juveniles (IJ) of Steinernema ceratophorum cultured in sponge media at 20, 25, and 30°C for different culture period. Bars with different uppercase letters indicate significant differences in IJ yield cultured at different temperatures at the same culture period, and lowercase letters indicate significant differences in IJ yield cultured for different period at the same temperature, according to Tukey’s test at P = 0.05.
Yield of infective juveniles (IJ) of Steinernema ceratophorum cultured in sponge media at 20, 25, and 30°C for different culture period. Bars with different uppercase letters indicate significant differences in IJ yield cultured at different temperatures at the same culture period, and lowercase letters indicate significant differences in IJ yield cultured for different period at the same temperature, according to Tukey’s test at P = 0.05.

Figure 5:

Mortality of Galleria mellonella larvae 48 h after treated by infective juveniles of Steinernema ceratophorum produced in sponge media at 20, 25, and 30°C for different culture period.
Mortality of Galleria mellonella larvae 48 h after treated by infective juveniles of Steinernema ceratophorum produced in sponge media at 20, 25, and 30°C for different culture period.

Mortality of the Galleria mellonella larvae after treated by the progeny of Steinernema ceratophorum, which were cultured in G. mellonella, Tenebrio molitor and Spodoptera litura at inoculum concentration of 50, 100 and 200 IJ/larva at 30°C.

Weeks after Mortality (Mean ± SE%)
Host White trap 50 IJ/larva 100 IJ/larva 200 IJ/larva
Galleria mellonella 2 75.0 ± 8.7 75.0 ± 8.7 90.0 ± 5.8
3 65.0 ± 2.9 75.0 ± 2.9 92.5 ± 4.8
4 92.5 ± 4.8 85.0 ± 8.7 92.5 ± 4.8
Tenebrio molitor 2 80.0 ± 0.0 100.0 ± 0.0 –
3 85.0 ± 2.3 70.0 ± 0.0 –
4 85.0 ± 2.3 80.0 ± 11.5 –
Spodoptera litura 2 5.0 ± 2.3 5.0 ± 2.9 10.0 ± 0.0
3 – 30.0 ± 0.0 –
4 – 70.0 ± 5.8 –

Number of dead larvae of Galleria mellonella, Tenebrio molitor and Spodoptera litura used for white trap and yield calculation.

Inoculum concentration Number of dead larvae (Mean ± SE%)
Host (IJ/larva) 20°C 25°C 30°C
Galleria mellonella 50 10.0 ± 0.0 9.8 ± 0.2 10.0 ± 0.0
100 10.0 ± 0.0 10.0 ± 0.0 10.0 ± 0.0
200 10.0 ± 0.0 10.0 ± 0.0 10.0 ± 0.0
Tenebrio molitor 50 4.8 ± 0.5 6.8 ± 0.8 9.5 ± 0.5
100 8.0 ± 0.4 7.8 ± 0.5 9.5 ± 0.3
200 9.5 ± 0.5 10.0 ± 0.0 10.0 ± 0.0
Spodoptera litura 50 9.8 ± 0.2 10.0 ± 0.0 10.0 ± 0.0
100 10.0 ± 0.0 10.0 ± 0.0 10.0 ± 0.0
200 10.0 ± 0.0 10.0 ± 0.0 10.0 ± 0.0
eISSN:
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Language:
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Journal Subjects:
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