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Evaluation of a new chemical nematicide, fluazaindolizine (ReklemelTM active), for plant-parasitic nematode management in bermudagrass

Will L. Groover

Will L. Groover

Auburn UniversityAuburn, USA
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Groover, Will L.
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Kathy S. Lawrence

Kathy S. Lawrence

Auburn UniversityAuburn, USA
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Lawrence, Kathy S.
  
Apr 01, 2021
Evaluation of a new chemical nematicide, fluazaindolizine (ReklemelTM active), for plant-parasitic nematode management in bermudagrass's Cover Image
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Published Online: Apr 01, 2021
Page range: 1 - 14
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-043
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© 2021 Will L. Groover et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

2018 Meloidogyne incognita population density in greenhouse evaluations 84 days after treatment (DAT). Rates were applied as follows: Fluazaindolizine 1.1 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12; 2.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8; 4.5 kg ai/ha at week 0; fluopyram 0.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8. Means of bars with the same letter above them are not significantly different (Tukey–Kramer, P ≤ 0.05).
2018 Meloidogyne incognita population density in greenhouse evaluations 84 days after treatment (DAT). Rates were applied as follows: Fluazaindolizine 1.1 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12; 2.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8; 4.5 kg ai/ha at week 0; fluopyram 0.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8. Means of bars with the same letter above them are not significantly different (Tukey–Kramer, P ≤ 0.05).

Figure 2:

2018 Belonolaimus longicaudatus population density in greenhouse evaluations 84 days after treatment (DAT). Rates were applied as follows: Fluazaindolizine 1.1 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12; 2.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8; 4.5 kg ai/ha at week 0; fluopyram 0.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8. Means of bars with the same letter above them are not significantly different (Tukey–Kramer, P ≤ 0.05).
2018 Belonolaimus longicaudatus population density in greenhouse evaluations 84 days after treatment (DAT). Rates were applied as follows: Fluazaindolizine 1.1 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12; 2.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8; 4.5 kg ai/ha at week 0; fluopyram 0.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8. Means of bars with the same letter above them are not significantly different (Tukey–Kramer, P ≤ 0.05).

Figure 3:

2019 Belonolaimus longicaudatus population density in Auburn, AL greenhouse evaluations 84 days after treatment (DAT). Nematicide rates were applied as follows: Fluazaindolizine 1.1 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12; 2.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8; 4.5 kg ai/ha at week 0; fluopyram 0.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8. Means of bars with the same letter above them are not significantly different (Tukey–Kramer, P ≤ 0.05).
2019 Belonolaimus longicaudatus population density in Auburn, AL greenhouse evaluations 84 days after treatment (DAT). Nematicide rates were applied as follows: Fluazaindolizine 1.1 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12; 2.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8; 4.5 kg ai/ha at week 0; fluopyram 0.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8. Means of bars with the same letter above them are not significantly different (Tukey–Kramer, P ≤ 0.05).

Figure 4:

Meloidogyne incognita population density (A), visual turfgrass quality (B), and NDVI values (C) as affected by nematicide applications through 2018 bermudagrass microplot evaluations in Auburn, AL, 2018. Nematicide rates were applied as follows: Fluazaindolizine 1.1 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12; 2.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8; 4.5 kg ai/ha at week 0; fluopyram 0.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8. *Different from the untreated according to the pairwise comparison of each treatment to the untreated control (Tukey–Kramer; P ≤ 0.05).
Meloidogyne incognita population density (A), visual turfgrass quality (B), and NDVI values (C) as affected by nematicide applications through 2018 bermudagrass microplot evaluations in Auburn, AL, 2018. Nematicide rates were applied as follows: Fluazaindolizine 1.1 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12; 2.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8; 4.5 kg ai/ha at week 0; fluopyram 0.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8. *Different from the untreated according to the pairwise comparison of each treatment to the untreated control (Tukey–Kramer; P ≤ 0.05).

Figure 5:

Meloidogyne incognita population density (A), visual turfgrass quality (B), and NDVI values (C) as affected by nematicide treatments in 2019 bermudagrass microplot evaluations, Auburn, AL. Nematicide rates were applied as follows: Fluazaindolizine 1.1 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12; 2.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8; 4.5 kg ai/ha at week 0; fluopyram 0.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8. *Different from the untreated according to the pairwise comparison of each treatment to the untreated control (Tukey–Kramer; P ≤ 0.05).
Meloidogyne incognita population density (A), visual turfgrass quality (B), and NDVI values (C) as affected by nematicide treatments in 2019 bermudagrass microplot evaluations, Auburn, AL. Nematicide rates were applied as follows: Fluazaindolizine 1.1 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12; 2.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8; 4.5 kg ai/ha at week 0; fluopyram 0.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8. *Different from the untreated according to the pairwise comparison of each treatment to the untreated control (Tukey–Kramer; P ≤ 0.05).

Figure 6:

Belonolaimus longicaudatus population density (A), visual turfgrass quality (B), and NDVI values (C) as affected by nematicide treatments in 2018 bermudagrass microplot evaluations, Auburn, AL. Nematicide rates were applied as follows: Fluazaindolizine 1.1 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12; 2.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8; 4.5 kg ai/ha at week 0; fluopyram 0.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8. *Different from the untreated according to the pairwise comparison of each treatment to the untreated control (Tukey–Kramer; P ≤ 0.05).
Belonolaimus longicaudatus population density (A), visual turfgrass quality (B), and NDVI values (C) as affected by nematicide treatments in 2018 bermudagrass microplot evaluations, Auburn, AL. Nematicide rates were applied as follows: Fluazaindolizine 1.1 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12; 2.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8; 4.5 kg ai/ha at week 0; fluopyram 0.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8. *Different from the untreated according to the pairwise comparison of each treatment to the untreated control (Tukey–Kramer; P ≤ 0.05).

Figure 7:

Belonolaimus longicaudatus population density (A), visual turfgrass quality (B), and NDVI values (C) as affected by nematicide treatments in 2019 bermudagrass microplot evaluations, Auburn, AL. Nematicide rates were applied as follows: Fluazaindolizine 1.1 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12; 2.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8; 4.5 kg ai/ha at week 0; fluopyram 0.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8. *Different from the untreated according to the pairwise comparison of each treatment to the untreated control (Tukey–Kramer; P ≤ 0.05).
Belonolaimus longicaudatus population density (A), visual turfgrass quality (B), and NDVI values (C) as affected by nematicide treatments in 2019 bermudagrass microplot evaluations, Auburn, AL. Nematicide rates were applied as follows: Fluazaindolizine 1.1 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12; 2.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8; 4.5 kg ai/ha at week 0; fluopyram 0.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8. *Different from the untreated according to the pairwise comparison of each treatment to the untreated control (Tukey–Kramer; P ≤ 0.05).

Figure 8:

Belonolaimus longicaudatus population density in 2018 (A) and 2019 (B), and Meloidogyne incognita population density in 2019 (C) as affected by nematicide treatments in nematicide trials at Fairhope, AL. Nematicide rates were applied as follows: Fluazaindolizine 1.1 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12; 2.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8; 4.5 kg ai/ha at week 0; fluopyram 0.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8. *Different from the untreated according to the pairwise comparison of each treatment to the untreated control (Tukey–Kramer; P ≤ 0.05).
Belonolaimus longicaudatus population density in 2018 (A) and 2019 (B), and Meloidogyne incognita population density in 2019 (C) as affected by nematicide treatments in nematicide trials at Fairhope, AL. Nematicide rates were applied as follows: Fluazaindolizine 1.1 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12; 2.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8; 4.5 kg ai/ha at week 0; fluopyram 0.25 kg ai/ha at weeks 0, 8. *Different from the untreated according to the pairwise comparison of each treatment to the untreated control (Tukey–Kramer; P ≤ 0.05).

Pearson correlation coefficients † resulting from linear correlation of Meloidogyne incognita and Belonolaimus longicaudatus population density in microplot bermudagrass with visual turfgrass quality and NDVI values in Auburn, AL for 2018 and 2019_

2018
June 29 August 24 September 28
Meloidogyne incognita population density
Visual quality ‡ 0.05 0.05 −0.77***
NDVI § N/A −0.24 −0.52**
Belonolaimus longicaudatus population density
Visual quality −0.08 −0.64*** −0.60**
NDVI N/A −0.62*** −0.54**
2019
July 22 August 19 September 23 October 21
Meloidogyne incognita population density
Visual quality −0.78*** −0.60** −0.38* −0.38*
NDVI −0.77*** −0.49* −0.51** −0.47*
Belonolaimus longicaudatus population density
Visual quality −0.73*** −0.78*** −0.75*** −0.75***
NDVI −0.63*** −0.79*** −0.81*** −0.73***
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