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The effects of Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera glycines on the yield and quality of edamame (Glycine max l.) in Arkansas

J. E. Wilkes
J. E. Wilkes
 and 
T. L. Kirkpatrick
T. L. Kirkpatrick
   | Mar 17, 2020
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Published Online: Mar 17, 2020
Page range: 1 - 15
Received: May 15, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-012
Keywords
© 2020 J. E. Wilkes et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Effects of Meloidogyne incognita on three yield parameters; (A) dried plant weight in grams; (B) Total weight of harvested edamame pods in grams; and (C) Total fresh seed weight in grams on edamame cultivar, ‘8080’, in microplots from two locations. Plants were harvested at reproductive stage 6 (R6). Error bars represent standard error of the mean for each treatment. Differences in letters indicate significantly different values as determined by LSD at p ≤ 0.05.
Effects of Meloidogyne incognita on three yield parameters; (A) dried plant weight in grams; (B) Total weight of harvested edamame pods in grams; and (C) Total fresh seed weight in grams on edamame cultivar, ‘8080’, in microplots from two locations. Plants were harvested at reproductive stage 6 (R6). Error bars represent standard error of the mean for each treatment. Differences in letters indicate significantly different values as determined by LSD at p ≤ 0.05.

Figure 2:

Effects of Heterodera glycines on five edamame yield parameters; (A) total weight of dried plant mass; (B) average number of harvested pods per plant; (C) the number of seeds in 30 grams; (D) total weight of pods in grams; and (E) total fresh bean weight in grams in microplots from two locations. Edamame plants were harvested at reproductive stage 6 (R6). Error bars represent standard error of the mean for each treatment. Differences in letters indicate significantly different values determined by LSD at p ≤ 0.05.
Effects of Heterodera glycines on five edamame yield parameters; (A) total weight of dried plant mass; (B) average number of harvested pods per plant; (C) the number of seeds in 30 grams; (D) total weight of pods in grams; and (E) total fresh bean weight in grams in microplots from two locations. Edamame plants were harvested at reproductive stage 6 (R6). Error bars represent standard error of the mean for each treatment. Differences in letters indicate significantly different values determined by LSD at p ≤ 0.05.

Figure 3:

Average gall rating of Meloidogyne incognita on 22 different edamame breeding lines 45 days after inoculation. Gall ratings were based on a 1-10 scale (Barker, 1982). Each bar represents an average of three trials with five replications in each trial. Edamame lines with different letters listed above bars indicate significant differences using LSD analysis, p ≤ 0.05.
Average gall rating of Meloidogyne incognita on 22 different edamame breeding lines 45 days after inoculation. Gall ratings were based on a 1-10 scale (Barker, 1982). Each bar represents an average of three trials with five replications in each trial. Edamame lines with different letters listed above bars indicate significant differences using LSD analysis, p ≤ 0.05.

Figure 4:

Average number of Meloidogyne incognita eggs per gram of dry root in 22 different edamame breeding lines 45 days after inoculation. Each bar in trial 1 (A), 2 (B), and 3 (C) represent an average of five replications. Edamame lines with different letters above the bar indicate significant difference as determined by LSD analysis, p ≤ 0.05.
Average number of Meloidogyne incognita eggs per gram of dry root in 22 different edamame breeding lines 45 days after inoculation. Each bar in trial 1 (A), 2 (B), and 3 (C) represent an average of five replications. Edamame lines with different letters above the bar indicate significant difference as determined by LSD analysis, p ≤ 0.05.

Figure 5:

Average number of Heterodera glycines cysts from soil and roots of 22 edamame breeding lines 30 days after inoculation. Each bar represents the average of two trials with five replications in each trial. Different letters above bars indicate LSD significant levels, p ≤ 0.05.
Average number of Heterodera glycines cysts from soil and roots of 22 edamame breeding lines 30 days after inoculation. Each bar represents the average of two trials with five replications in each trial. Different letters above bars indicate LSD significant levels, p ≤ 0.05.

Food composition percentage on a dry weight basis from edamame seed in H. glycines-infested microplots.

Treatment (eggs per plot) Moisture Protein Lipid Starch
Hope
0 70.15 a,b 37.57 a 10.14 a 10.73 a
1,000 70.61 a 37.57 a 10.85 a 10.46 a
10,000 69.59 a,b 36.86 a,b 10.38 a 10.91 a
100,000 66.24 b 36.18 b 11.66 a 10.94 a
Fayetteville
0 74.87 a 35.86 a 8.03 a 12.62 a
1,000 75.33 a 36.37 a 7.82 a 12.39 a
10,000 74.82 a,b 35.71 a 8.87 a,b 13.01 a
100,000 74.46 b 34.66 b 9.62 b 13.25 a

Meloidogyne incognita population density in microplots at edamame harvest in two locations.

Initial infestation density (eggs per microplot) M. incognita juveniles (J2) per 100 cm3 soil Gall ratinga Average number of eggs from one root ball
Hope
0 0 a,b 0 a 0 a
1,000 92 b 6.2 b 1,681,720 b
10,000 79 b 8.3 c 1,510,267 b
100,000 110 b 9.1 c 682,973 a,b
Fayetteville
0 0 a 0 a 0 a
1,000 2 a 5.2 b 200,720 b
10,000 297 b 7.0 b 859,840 b
100,000 1,018 c 9.7 c 1,559,313 c

Food composition percentage on a dry weight basis from edamame seed in M. incognita-infested microplots.

Treatment (eggs per plot) Moisture Protein Lipid Starch
Hope
0 71.37 a 38.24 a 11.16 a 10.29 a
1,000 70.37 a 38.23 a 12.83 a 10.56 a
10,000 68.04 b 36.89 b 14.58 a 10.08 a
100,000 68.83 b 36.46 b 14.66 a 10.06 a
Fayetteville
0 76.04 a 36.53 a 10.02 a 9.27 a
1,000 75.41 a 36.44 a 10.27 a 9.56 a
10,000 76.19 a 36.92 a 12.10 a 9.43 a
100,000 75.75 a 36.47 a 10.40 a 9.58 a

Average population density of nematode genera (when present) identified in Arkansas edamame fields.

County No. of fields Meloidogyne Heterodera Pratylenchus Helicotylenchus Tylenchorhynchus Paratrichodorus Hoplolaimus
2013
Faulkner 1 0 a 0 94 42 83 42 0
Johnson 1 42 83 83 42 0 0 0
Logan 10 0 42 50 42 80 42 0
Lonoke 9 278 54 77 88 236 125 125
Pulaski 1 0 125 83 250 167 125 0
White 7 42 52 0 0 0 42 0
Yell 4 339 0 369 42 83 42 0
Percent prevalent b 36.36 39.39 57.58 39.39 30.3 21.21 3.03
2014
Johnson 7 2731 38 51 142 50 38 0
Logan 3 0 0 38 102 128 0 0
Lonoke 7 637 346 66 109 99 38 0
White 8 0 61.2 38 67 66 154 77
Yell 6 38 58 53 84 38 0 0
Percent prevalent   22.58 38.71 48.39 80.65 58.06 19.35 3.23

Heterodera glycines population density in microplots at edamame harvest in two locations.

Initial infection level (eggs per microplot) H. glycines juveniles (J2) per 100 cm3 soil Cysts per 100 cm3 soil Cysts from roots in microplots at harvest
Hope
0 0 a 0 a 0 a
1,000 2 a 8 a 97 a
10,000 26 a 67 a 745 a
100,000 199 b 850 b 7,674 b
Fayetteville
0 176 a 14 a 240 a
1,000 102 a 12 a 220 a
10,000 531 a 36 a 774 a
100,000 2,068 b 254 b 3,923 b
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