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New data on known species of Hirschmanniella and Pratylenchus (Rhabditida, Pratylenchidae) from Iran and South Africa

Ebrahim Shokoohi
Ebrahim Shokoohi
, 
Joaquín Abolafia
Joaquín Abolafia
, 
Phatu William Mashela
Phatu William Mashela
 and 
Nafiseh Divsalar
Nafiseh Divsalar
   | Aug 05, 2019
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Article Category: Arts & Humanities
Published Online: Aug 05, 2019
Page range: 1 - 26
Received: Mar 26, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2019-041
© 2019 Ebrahim Shokoohi et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Line drawings of Hirschmanniella anchoryzae. (A) anterior portion of the female; (B) cephalic region of the female; (C–E) female posterior end; (F) male posterior end; (G) female reproductive system; (H, I) status of females after relaxation; (J, K) status of male after relaxation.
Line drawings of Hirschmanniella anchoryzae. (A) anterior portion of the female; (B) cephalic region of the female; (C–E) female posterior end; (F) male posterior end; (G) female reproductive system; (H, I) status of females after relaxation; (J, K) status of male after relaxation.

Figure 2:

PCA analysis of the different population of H. anchoryzae.
PCA analysis of the different population of H. anchoryzae.

Figure 3:

The Bayesian inference tree of Hirschmanniella anchoryzae (Ebsary and Anderson, 1982) from Iran and other related species based on the sequences from 28S rDNA under GTR+I+G model (−lnL = 3,374.3581; AIC = 6,856.7162; freqA = 0.2269; freqC = 0.2193; freqG = 0.3068; freqT = 0.2471; R(a) [AC] = 0.6057; R(b) [AG] = 2.7984; R(c) [AT] = 0.9170; R(d) [CG] = 0.2612; R(e) [CT] = 3.5814; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.1960; shape = 0.5340).
The Bayesian inference tree of Hirschmanniella anchoryzae (Ebsary and Anderson, 1982) from Iran and other related species based on the sequences from 28S rDNA under GTR+I+G model (−lnL = 3,374.3581; AIC = 6,856.7162; freqA = 0.2269; freqC = 0.2193; freqG = 0.3068; freqT = 0.2471; R(a) [AC] = 0.6057; R(b) [AG] = 2.7984; R(c) [AT] = 0.9170; R(d) [CG] = 0.2612; R(e) [CT] = 3.5814; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.1960; shape = 0.5340).

Figure 4:

Line drawings of Pratylenchus hippeastri. (A) female anterior end; (B, C) stoma; (D) female reproductive system; (E) entire female; (F) lateral field; (G) post uterine sac; (H, I) female posterior end (arrow indicates phasmid).
Line drawings of Pratylenchus hippeastri. (A) female anterior end; (B, C) stoma; (D) female reproductive system; (E) entire female; (F) lateral field; (G) post uterine sac; (H, I) female posterior end (arrow indicates phasmid).

Figure 5:

Light photomicrographs of Pratylenchus hippeastri. (A, B) anterior end (arrows indicate hemizonid); (C) reproductive system (arrow indicates vulva); (D) entire body (black arrow indicates vulva, white arrows indicate phasmids); (E) posterior end (arrow indicate anus).
Light photomicrographs of Pratylenchus hippeastri. (A, B) anterior end (arrows indicate hemizonid); (C) reproductive system (arrow indicates vulva); (D) entire body (black arrow indicates vulva, white arrows indicate phasmids); (E) posterior end (arrow indicate anus).

Figure 6:

Scanning electron microscope photographs of Pratylenchus hippeastri. (A) entire body (black arrow indicates vulva); (B, C, E) lip region in lateral, frontal and ventral views, respectively); (D) female anterior region; (F) excretory pore (arrow); (G) lateral field (arrows indicate longitudinal incisures); (H) vulval region; (I, J) female posterior end in ventral and lateral views, respectively (arrow indicates phasmid); (K) anus.
Scanning electron microscope photographs of Pratylenchus hippeastri. (A) entire body (black arrow indicates vulva); (B, C, E) lip region in lateral, frontal and ventral views, respectively); (D) female anterior region; (F) excretory pore (arrow); (G) lateral field (arrows indicate longitudinal incisures); (H) vulval region; (I, J) female posterior end in ventral and lateral views, respectively (arrow indicates phasmid); (K) anus.

Figure 7:

PCA analysis of the different population of P. hippeastri.
PCA analysis of the different population of P. hippeastri.

Figure 8:

Cluster dendrogram for different populations of P. hippeastri using morphometric data. Red values represent AU (approximated unbiased) values. Green values on the right branch indicate BP (bootstrap probability). Florida 1 (Inserra et al. 2007) and Florida 2 (De Luca et al. 2010).
Cluster dendrogram for different populations of P. hippeastri using morphometric data. Red values represent AU (approximated unbiased) values. Green values on the right branch indicate BP (bootstrap probability). Florida 1 (Inserra et al. 2007) and Florida 2 (De Luca et al. 2010).

Figure 9:

The Bayesian inference tree of Pratylenchus hippeastri from South Africa and other related taxa based on the sequences from 18S rDNA under GTR+I+G model (−lnL = 5,036.0855; AIC = 10,236.171; freqA = 0.2586; freqC = 0.2234; freqG = 0.2663; freqT = 0.2517; R(a) [AC] = 1.29106; R(b) [AG] = 2.99041; R(c) [AT] = 1.68788; R(d) [CG] = 0.89263; R(e) [CT] = 6.4881; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.5010; Shape = 0.4870).
The Bayesian inference tree of Pratylenchus hippeastri from South Africa and other related taxa based on the sequences from 18S rDNA under GTR+I+G model (−lnL = 5,036.0855; AIC = 10,236.171; freqA = 0.2586; freqC = 0.2234; freqG = 0.2663; freqT = 0.2517; R(a) [AC] = 1.29106; R(b) [AG] = 2.99041; R(c) [AT] = 1.68788; R(d) [CG] = 0.89263; R(e) [CT] = 6.4881; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.5010; Shape = 0.4870).

Figure 10:

The Bayesian inference tree of Pratylenchus hippeastri from South Africa and other related taxa based on the sequences from ITS rDNA under GTR+I+G model (−lnL = 7,745.2851; AIC = 15,674.5702; freqA = 0.2437; freqC = 0.2123; freqG = 0.255; freqT = 0.2889; R(a) [AC] = 1.07478; R(b) [AG] = 2.56737; R(c) [AT] = 1.63147; R(d) [CG] = 0.53909; R(e) [CT] = 2.91622; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.2300; Shape = 1.3540).
The Bayesian inference tree of Pratylenchus hippeastri from South Africa and other related taxa based on the sequences from ITS rDNA under GTR+I+G model (−lnL = 7,745.2851; AIC = 15,674.5702; freqA = 0.2437; freqC = 0.2123; freqG = 0.255; freqT = 0.2889; R(a) [AC] = 1.07478; R(b) [AG] = 2.56737; R(c) [AT] = 1.63147; R(d) [CG] = 0.53909; R(e) [CT] = 2.91622; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.2300; Shape = 1.3540).

Figure 12:

The Bayesian inference tree of Pratylenchus hippeastri from South Africa and other related taxa based on the sequences from COI of mtDNA under GTR+I+G model (−lnL = 2,667.1378; AIC = 5,446.2756; freqA = 0.2552; freqC = 0.0926; freqG = 0.1917; freqT = 0.4604; R(a) [AC] = 0.01; R(b) [AG] = 9.49586; R(c) [AT] = 2.67386; R(d) [CG] = 3.1383; R(e) [CT] = 8.02121; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.2150; Shape = 0.4730).
The Bayesian inference tree of Pratylenchus hippeastri from South Africa and other related taxa based on the sequences from COI of mtDNA under GTR+I+G model (−lnL = 2,667.1378; AIC = 5,446.2756; freqA = 0.2552; freqC = 0.0926; freqG = 0.1917; freqT = 0.4604; R(a) [AC] = 0.01; R(b) [AG] = 9.49586; R(c) [AT] = 2.67386; R(d) [CG] = 3.1383; R(e) [CT] = 8.02121; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.2150; Shape = 0.4730).

Figure 11:

The Bayesian inference tree of Pratylenchus hippeastri from South Africa and other related taxa based on the sequences from 28S rDNA under GTR+I+G model (−lnL = 7,451.6325; AIC = 15,235.265; freqA = 0.2081; freqC = 0.2296; freqG = 0.3327; freqT = 0.2296; R(a) [AC] = 0.83418; R(b) [AG] = 2.50021; R(c) [AT] = 1.25212; R(d) [CG] = 0.34218; R(e) [CT] = 4.6954; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.2510; Shape = 0.6830).
The Bayesian inference tree of Pratylenchus hippeastri from South Africa and other related taxa based on the sequences from 28S rDNA under GTR+I+G model (−lnL = 7,451.6325; AIC = 15,235.265; freqA = 0.2081; freqC = 0.2296; freqG = 0.3327; freqT = 0.2296; R(a) [AC] = 0.83418; R(b) [AG] = 2.50021; R(c) [AT] = 1.25212; R(d) [CG] = 0.34218; R(e) [CT] = 4.6954; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.2510; Shape = 0.6830).
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