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Description of Rotylenchus rhomboides n. sp. and a Belgian population of Rotylenchus buxophilus (Tylenchomorpha: Hoplolaimidae)

Huu Tien Nguyen
Huu Tien Nguyen
, 
Quang Phap Trinh
Quang Phap Trinh
, 
Marjolein Couvreur
Marjolein Couvreur
, 
Phougeishangbam Rolish Singh
Phougeishangbam Rolish Singh
, 
Wilfrida Decraemer
Wilfrida Decraemer
 and 
Wim Bert
Wim Bert
   | Apr 24, 2019
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Article Category: Arts & Humanities
Published Online: Apr 24, 2019
Page range: 1 - 20
Received: Dec 18, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2019-023
© 2019 Huu Tien Nguyen et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Rotylenchus rhomboids n. sp., (drawings ♀). (A) entire body; (B) en face view; (C) head region; (D) esophageal region; (E) lateral field at vulva region; (F) vulva region; (G) tail region; (H) lateral field at tail region. (B, C based on SEM illustrations) (A, E, F, G, H: Holotype) (Scale bar: A: 25 µm; B: 5 µm; C: 20 µm; D–H: 25 µm).
Rotylenchus rhomboids n. sp., (drawings ♀). (A) entire body; (B) en face view; (C) head region; (D) esophageal region; (E) lateral field at vulva region; (F) vulva region; (G) tail region; (H) lateral field at tail region. (B, C based on SEM illustrations) (A, E, F, G, H: Holotype) (Scale bar: A: 25 µm; B: 5 µm; C: 20 µm; D–H: 25 µm).

Figure 2

Rotylenchus rhomboides n. sp. (LM ♀). (A) esophageal region; (D) vulva region; (E) lateral field at vulva region with a rhomboid widening (see arrow); (G) entire body; (H) tail region; (I) lateral field with phasmid at tail region (SEM ♀); (B) anterior body region, lateral view; (C) en face view (arrow indicates amphid aperture); (F) vulva region, lateral view; (J) vulva region, ventral view; (K) tail region of female, lateral view; (L) tail region of female, oblique ventral view; (M) tail region of juveniles (D, E, G, H, I: Holotype; others paratypes) (Scale bar: B, C: 1 µm; A, D–M: 25 µm).
Rotylenchus rhomboides n. sp. (LM ♀). (A) esophageal region; (D) vulva region; (E) lateral field at vulva region with a rhomboid widening (see arrow); (G) entire body; (H) tail region; (I) lateral field with phasmid at tail region (SEM ♀); (B) anterior body region, lateral view; (C) en face view (arrow indicates amphid aperture); (F) vulva region, lateral view; (J) vulva region, ventral view; (K) tail region of female, lateral view; (L) tail region of female, oblique ventral view; (M) tail region of juveniles (D, E, G, H, I: Holotype; others paratypes) (Scale bar: B, C: 1 µm; A, D–M: 25 µm).

Figure 3

BI phylogenetic tree generated from the D2-D3 of 28S rDNA region data set with the HKY + G model (94 parameters). Bayesian posterior probabilities are given next to each node. Sequences of Rotylenchus rhomboides n. sp. and R. buxophilus (Belgium) are in bold.
BI phylogenetic tree generated from the D2-D3 of 28S rDNA region data set with the HKY + G model (94 parameters). Bayesian posterior probabilities are given next to each node. Sequences of Rotylenchus rhomboides n. sp. and R. buxophilus (Belgium) are in bold.

Figure 4

BI phylogenetic tree generated from ITS sequences with HKY + G model (70 parameters). Bayesian posterior probabilities are given next to each node. Sequences of Rotylenchus rhomboides n. sp. and R. buxophilus (Belgium) are in bold.
BI phylogenetic tree generated from ITS sequences with HKY + G model (70 parameters). Bayesian posterior probabilities are given next to each node. Sequences of Rotylenchus rhomboides n. sp. and R. buxophilus (Belgium) are in bold.

Figure 5

BI phylogenetic tree generated from COI sequences with the GTR +G + I model (77 parameters). Bayesian posterior probabilities are given next to each node. Sequences of Rotylenchus rhomboides n. sp. and R. buxophilus (Belgium) are in bold.
BI phylogenetic tree generated from COI sequences with the GTR +G + I model (77 parameters). Bayesian posterior probabilities are given next to each node. Sequences of Rotylenchus rhomboides n. sp. and R. buxophilus (Belgium) are in bold.

Figure 6

The cluster analysis of 104 species (included Rotylenchus n. sp.) based on Bray–Curtis similarity measure of 11 ranked features. Rotylenchus rhomboides n. sp. is in bold. The dotted line indicates 85% similarity.
The cluster analysis of 104 species (included Rotylenchus n. sp.) based on Bray–Curtis similarity measure of 11 ranked features. Rotylenchus rhomboides n. sp. is in bold. The dotted line indicates 85% similarity.

Figure 7

Belgian population of Rotylenchus buxophilus (LM ♀). (A) entire body; (B) esophageal region; (C) lateral field at vulva region; (D) vulva region; (E) lateral field with phasmid at tail region; (F) tail region (Scale bar: A–F: 25 µm).
Belgian population of Rotylenchus buxophilus (LM ♀). (A) entire body; (B) esophageal region; (C) lateral field at vulva region; (D) vulva region; (E) lateral field with phasmid at tail region; (F) tail region (Scale bar: A–F: 25 µm).

Morphometric data of Rotylenchus buxophilus from Belgium. All measurements are in μm (except for ratio) and in the form: mean ± sd (range).

Character Females
n 15
Body length (L) 972 ± 87 (818–1065)
a = L/MBD 30.1 ± 1.9 (27.2–32.5)
b″ = L/Anterior end to the end of esophageal gland 7.0 ± 0.8 (5.3–8.2)
c = L/Tail length 40.1 ± 4.1 (34.6–49.8)
c″ = Tail length/ABD 1.2 ± 0.1 (1.0–1.4)
V = Anterior end to vulva/L × 100 53 ± 3 (48–58)
Lip height 7 ± 0.3 (6–8)
Lip width 11 ± 0.6 (10–12)
Stylet length 36 ± 1.6 (32–38)
Conus length 18 ± 1.1 (16–20)
Shaft length 14 ± 0.7 (13–14)
Knob height 4 ± 0.6 (3–5)
Dorsal gland opening from stylet base 4 ± 1.2 (3–7)
Anterior end to secretory-excretory pore 123 ± 10 (105–139)
Anterior end to nerve ring 99 ± 7 (87–109)
Anterior end to esophageal gland end 140 ± 11 (124–157)
Esophagus overlapping 22 ± 5 (18–28)
Max body diameter (MBD) 32 ± 2 (29–37)
Anal body diameter (ABD) 21 ± 1.6 (19–24)
Tail length 24 ± 3.1 (18–28)
Tail annuli number 14 ± 1.3 (12–16)

Comparison of the matrix code of Rotylenchus rhomboides n. sp. with other closely related species.

Species A B C D E F G H I J K
Rotylenchus rhomboides n. sp. 3–4 2 1 2 2 2 2 1–2 2 2 2
R. buxophilus from Belgium 4 1 1 4 2 2 3 3 2 2 1
R. buxophilus 4 1 1 4 2 2 3 3 2 2 1
R. corsicus 4 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 1
R. goodeyi 3 1 1 4 2 2 4 2 2 1 2
R. gracilidens 3 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 2 1 1
R. incultus 4 1 1 4 1 2 3 1 2 1 1
R. laurentinus 4 1 1 3 2 2 3 1 2 1 2
R. pumilus 4 1 1 4 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
R. rugatocuticulatus 3 2 1 2 3 2 4 1 2 1 1

The measurements of known and new populations of Rotylenchus buxophilus.

Female R. buxophilus (Belgian population) R. buxophilus Golden (1956) R. buxophilus Sher (1965) R. buxophilus = R. sheri Jairajpuri (1963) R. buxophilus Geraert and Barooti (1996) R. buxophilus Wouts and Sturhan (1999)
Host, location Yam (Dioscorea tokoro), Belgium English boxwood (Buxus sempervirens var. suffruticosa L.), USA camellia (Camellia japonica L.), France Cedrus libani var. deodara, India Magnolia sp. L., Iran Cabbage tree (Cordyline sp. Comm, ex R.Br.), New Zealand
n 15 20 20 10 4 6
L 972 (818–1065) 1,090 920–1,310 900–1,200 850–1,070 1,020–1,250
V 53 (48–58) 55 52–58 52–56 54–58 55–58
STL 36 (32–38) 33.5 34–38 35–39 34 38–40
a 30.1 (27.2–32.5) 31 28–38 27–35 25–32 32–43
b 7.0 (5.3–8.2) 7 6.4–8.9 5.5–7.0 6–8 7.3–8.7
c 40.1 (34.6–49.8) 43 36–48 38–47 33–45 41–58
c′ 1.2 (1.0–1.4) – – – 1.1–1.4 0.8–1.2

Rotylenchus species and populations used and sequenced in the present study.

Accession number
Species 28S ITS COI Host Locality
H. dihystera AB933471 Sugarcane Japan
H. multicinctus MF401446 Banana Greece
H. columbus FJ485623 Unknown USA
H. seinhorsti KX446971 Unknown China
R. arasbaranensis KJ765335 KJ765345 Grasses Iran
KJ765336 KJ765346 Grasses Iran
R. brevicaudatus JX015419 Grasses Australia
JX015420 Grasses Australia
JX015431 Grasses Australia
R. buxophilus JX015421 – USA
KJ765337 Euonymus sp. Iran
KJ765338 Euonymus sp. Iran
KJ765340 Euonymus sp. Iran
KU722390 – Iran
JX015432 Unknown USA
JX015433 Unknown USA
KJ765347 Euonymus sp. Iran
R. buxophilus MK114140 MK114142 MK114155 Dioscorea tokoro Belgium
MK114141 MK114143 MK114156 Dioscorea tokoro Belgium
R. castilloi KM251415 Fagus orientalis Lipsky (oriental beech tree) Iran
R. cazorlaensis JX015399 Quercus faginea (Portuguese oak) Spain
JX015400 Quercus faginea (Portuguese oak) Spain
R. conicaudatus HQ700698 Grasses Iran
R. cretensis KT288060 Olive Greece
R. cypriensis KP843116 Prunus sp. Iran
KT288062 Olive Greece
R. dalikhaniensis KM042108 Ruscus hyrcanus Woronow Iran
R. eximius KX398058 Tamarix smyrnensis Greece
KX669231 KX669244 Olive Tunisia
KX669232 Olive Tunisia
KX669233 KX669245 Olive Tunisia
JX015401 Pistacia lentiscus (lentisc) Italy
JX015402 Pistacia lentiscus (lentisc) Italy
R. goodeyi DQ328756 Olea europaea subsp. silvestris (wild olive) Spain
R. incultus KX669234 Olive Tunisia
KX669235 Olive Tunisia
KX669236 Olive Tunisia
JX015403 Vitis vinifera (grapevine) Spain
KX669246 Olive Tunisia
KX669247 Olive Tunisia
KX669248 Olive Tunisia
KX669249 Olive Tunisia
R. iranicus HQ700697 Unidentified forest tree Iran
R. jaeni JX015404 Quercus suber (cork tree) Spain
R. laurentinus DQ328757 JX015405 Pistacia lentiscus (lentisc) Italy
JX015406 Pistacia lentiscus (lentisc) Italy
JX015407 Pistacia lentiscus (lentisc) Italy
EU280798 Pistacia lentiscus (lentisc) Spain
R. magnus JX015409 Ilex aquifolium (holly) Spain
JX015410 Ilex aquifolium (holly) Spain
R. paravitis JX015422 JX015415 Helianthus annuus (sunflower) Spain
JX015416 Helianthus annuus (sunflower) Spain
R. pumilus JX015423 JX015435 Urtica sp. USA
JX015436 Urtica sp. USA
R. rhomboides n. sp. MK114123 MK114127 MK114144 Musa basjoo Belgium
MK114124 MK114128 MK114145 Musa basjoo Belgium
MK114125 MK114129 MK114146 Musa basjoo Belgium
MK114126 MK114130 Musa basjoo Belgium
MK114131 Musa basjoo Belgium
MK296738 Musa basjoo Belgium
R. robustus JX015424 JX015413 Pinus pinea (stone pine) Spain
JX015425 JX015438 Grasses USA
JX015426 JX015439 JX015411 Grasses USA
JX015440 Grasses USA
JX015414 Pinus pinea (stone pine) Spain
R. sardashtensis KP843115 KP843113 Unidentified grasses Iran
R. striaticeps KJ765343 Unidentified forest tree Iran
KJ765344 Unidentified forest tree Iran
KU722389 Unknown Iran
KP718973 Unknown Iran
R. unisexus EU373674 Citrus aurantium (citrus) Spain
EU373675 Citrus aurantium (citrus) Spain
R. urmiaensis KP718966 KP718971 Corylus spp. Iran
KP718967 KP718972 Corylus spp. Iran
R. vitis JN032581 JX015417 Vitis vinifera (grapevine) Spain
JX015418 Vitis vinifera (grapevine) Spain
S. brachyurus JX472089 Sansevieria laurentii USA
S. truncatum KX959308 Unknown USA

Morphometric data of Rotylenchus rhomboides n. sp. All measurements are in μm (except for ratio) and in the form: mean ± sd (range).

Character Holotype female Paratype females
n 1 12
Body length (L) 827 861 ± 101 (634–1049)
a = L/MBD 28.5 31.8 ± 2.8 (27.8–35.1)
b’ = L/Anterior end to the end of esophageal gland 7.6 6.9 ± 0.5 (5.6–7.6)
c = L/Tail length 55 63.3 ± 10.7 (50.3–85.5)
c’ = Tail length/ABD 68 0.7 ± 0.1 (0.5–0.8)
V = Anterior end to vulva/L × 100 59 56 ± 2.6 (53–61)
Lip height 6 6 ± 0.7 (5–7)
Lip width 11 10 ± 0.8 (8–11)
Stylet length 35 33 ± 1.5 (31–37)
Conus length 17 17 ± 0.8 (16–18)
Shaft length 14 13 ± 0.9 (12–14)
Knob height 3 3 ± 0.4 (3–4)
Dorsal gland opening from stylet base 4 3 ± 0.9 (2–5)
Anterior end to secretory-excretory pore 100 107 ± 10.6 (77–123)
Anterior end to nerve ring 78 86 ± 9.9 (60–96)
Anterior end to esophageal gland end 108 125 ± 10.5 (108–146)
Esophagus overlapping 12 14 ± 2.3 (9–19)
Max body diameter (MBD) 29 27 ± 2.3 (23–31)
Anal body diameter (ABD) 22 20 ± 1.8 (16–23)
Tail length 15 14 ± 2.0 (9–16)
Tail annuli number 11 10 ± 1.0 (8–11)
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