Open Access

Chemical Signals of Vector Beetle Facilitate the Prevalence of a Native Fungus and the Invasive Pinewood Nematode

BIN ZHANG
BIN ZHANG
, 
WEI ZHANG
WEI ZHANG
, 
MIN LU
MIN LU
, 
FAHEEM AHMAD
FAHEEM AHMAD
, 
HAOKAI TIAN
HAOKAI TIAN
, 
JING NING
JING NING
, 
XIAOLONG LIU
XIAOLONG LIU
, 
LILIN ZHAO
LILIN ZHAO
 and 
JIANGHUA SUN
JIANGHUA SUN
   | Sep 26, 2018
Journal of Nematology's Cover Image
About this article
Previous Article
Next Article
Cite
Published Online: Sep 26, 2018
Page range: 341 - 347
Received: Jan 26, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2017-081
Keywords
© 2017 BIN ZHANG et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

FIG. 1.

Competitive development of associated ophiostomatoid fungal species. The proportion of each species accounting for the line between two inoculates were showed for each treatment. The columns with solid fill represent the fungi from Guangdong province, whereas those with backslash fill represent data from Zhejiang province. Blue column and sp1, Sporothrix sp. 1; red column and ips, Ophiostoma ips; green column and sp2, Sporothrix sp. 2. *** indicates P < 0.001 using the paired t test with the arcsine-transformed data.
Competitive development of associated ophiostomatoid fungal species. The proportion of each species accounting for the line between two inoculates were showed for each treatment. The columns with solid fill represent the fungi from Guangdong province, whereas those with backslash fill represent data from Zhejiang province. Blue column and sp1, Sporothrix sp. 1; red column and ips, Ophiostoma ips; green column and sp2, Sporothrix sp. 2. *** indicates P < 0.001 using the paired t test with the arcsine-transformed data.

FIG. 2.

Effects of fatty acid ethyl esters from Monochamus alternatus surface on Sporothrix sp. 1. A. Fungi from Guangdong province. B. Fungi from Zhejiang province. EL = ethyl linoleate, EO = ethyl oleate, ES = ethyl stearate, and EP = ethyl palmitate. Bars with the same letters are not significantly different at P > 0.05.
Effects of fatty acid ethyl esters from Monochamus alternatus surface on Sporothrix sp. 1. A. Fungi from Guangdong province. B. Fungi from Zhejiang province. EL = ethyl linoleate, EO = ethyl oleate, ES = ethyl stearate, and EP = ethyl palmitate. Bars with the same letters are not significantly different at P > 0.05.

FIG. 3.

Effects of fungi on the fitness of pinewood nematode in Guangdong province. The fecundity of nematodes (A), the body length of (B) female, (C) male, and (D) third-stage dispersal juveniles reared on three different fungi was counted and measured. Different letters indicate significant differences.
Effects of fungi on the fitness of pinewood nematode in Guangdong province. The fecundity of nematodes (A), the body length of (B) female, (C) male, and (D) third-stage dispersal juveniles reared on three different fungi was counted and measured. Different letters indicate significant differences.

FIG. 4.

Schematic presentation of the symbiotic association among Monochamus alternatus, Burcaphelenchus xylophilus, and associated ophiostomatoid fungi.
Schematic presentation of the symbiotic association among Monochamus alternatus, Burcaphelenchus xylophilus, and associated ophiostomatoid fungi.

Morphological groups of ophiostomatoid isolates from chambers of Monochamus alternatus in Guangdong province, China.

Isolateno. Anamorph in culture Genbank no. Closest matching GenBank Score Accession no. of match Species identified
ITS β-tubulin ITS β-tubulin ITS β-tubulin
30634 a Pesotum GU170426 GU170410 Ophiostoma ips 99 99 AY172021 FJ012142 Ophiostoma ips
30635 Sporothrix GU170430 GU170414 Ophiostoma stenoceras 88   AF484458   Sporothrix sp. 2
30636 Sporothrix GU170419 GU170403 Ophiostoma breviusculum 95 92 AB200423 AB200428 Sporothrix sp. 1
30637 Sporothrix GU170431 GU170415 O. stenoceras 88   AF484458   Sporothrix sp. 2
30638 Sporothrix GU170432 GU170416 O. stenoceras 88   AF484458   Sporothrix sp. 2
30697 Sporothrix GU170422 GU170406 O. breviusculum 95 92 AB200423 AB200428 Sporothrix sp. 1

No. of isolates of the different fungal species obtained from the pupal chambers of Monochamus alternatus in Guangdong province, China.

Collection sites Sporothrix sp. 1 Sporothrix sp. 2 Ophiostoma ips Total no. of isolates
Longtoushan 7 5 6 18
Baiyunshan 6 5 4 15
Datianshan 6 7 4 17
Conghua 5 6 4 15
Total (percentage frequency) 24 (36.9) 23 (35.4) 18 (27.7) 65

Prevalence of pinewood nematodes (PWN) in the pupal chambers of Monochamus alternatus–infected trees at different sampling sites in Guangdong province, China.

Collection sites (location, district) Latitude, longitude Average elevation (m) No. of pupal chambers Percent of the present PWN
Longtoushan, Huangpu N 23°10′, E 113°49′ 57 29 100
Baiyunshan, Baiyun N 23°29′, E 113°29′ 45 32 100
Datianshan, Huangpu N 23°13′, E 113°48′ 34 28 100
Conghua, Conghua N 23°55′, E 113°58′ 34 27 100
eISSN:
2640-396X
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
Volume Open
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, other
Journal RSS Feed