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Utilizing augmented reality technology for teaching fundamentals of the human brain and EEG electrode placement

Charlee Kaewrat
Charlee Kaewrat
 and 
Yunyong Punsawad
Yunyong Punsawad
   | May 20, 2022
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Article Category: research-article
Published Online: May 20, 2022
Page range: 1 - 12
Received: Dec 02, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2022-0005
Keywords
© 2022 Charlee Kaewrat et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

The proposed AR application framework.
The proposed AR application framework.

Figure 2:

The infographic working area of double AR markers with square shapes for measurement and registration for virtual 3D model creation. (a) Area in the horizontal plane (x-axis). (b) Area in the vertical plane (y-axis).
The infographic working area of double AR markers with square shapes for measurement and registration for virtual 3D model creation. (a) Area in the horizontal plane (x-axis). (b) Area in the vertical plane (y-axis).

Figure 3:

Distance measurements from the frontal to the occiput and from the left temporal lobe to the right temporal lobe of the phantom head. (a) AR marker placement. (b) The distances between pairs of markers. (c) Example of data collection from markers from the left temporal to the right temporal.
Distance measurements from the frontal to the occiput and from the left temporal lobe to the right temporal lobe of the phantom head. (a) AR marker placement. (b) The distances between pairs of markers. (c) Example of data collection from markers from the left temporal to the right temporal.

Figure 4:

Perspective view of the virtual brain model. (a) Marker (size: 5 × 2.5 cm.) positions in virtual space. (b) Placement of the markers on the virtual brain.
Perspective view of the virtual brain model. (a) Marker (size: 5 × 2.5 cm.) positions in virtual space. (b) Placement of the markers on the virtual brain.

Figure 5:

The 10–20 EEG electrode placement system.
The 10–20 EEG electrode placement system.

Figure 6:

Example of proposed features for display and interaction. (a) Brain lobe displays and functions of the virtual brain. (b) Brain lobe segmentation displays of the virtual brain. (c) Virtual 10–20 EEG electrode guidance and (d) virtual 10–20 EEG electrodes that display example EEG signals in the attention state.
Example of proposed features for display and interaction. (a) Brain lobe displays and functions of the virtual brain. (b) Brain lobe segmentation displays of the virtual brain. (c) Virtual 10–20 EEG electrode guidance and (d) virtual 10–20 EEG electrodes that display example EEG signals in the attention state.

Figure 7:

Experimental setup for validation of the AR-based EEG electrode guidance system. (a) The ground truth of the position determined by EEG experts. (b) The experimental setup. (c) Example results of virtual 10–20 EEG electrode interactions for displaying example EEG signals.
Experimental setup for validation of the AR-based EEG electrode guidance system. (a) The ground truth of the position determined by EEG experts. (b) The experimental setup. (c) Example results of virtual 10–20 EEG electrode interactions for displaying example EEG signals.

Figure 8:

The results of the validation of the EEG electrode guidance system in different views of the phantom head and different sizes of Vuforia maker. (a) Front view. (b) Back view. (c) Left-side view. (d) Right-side view. (e) Top view. Note that * is the recommended electrode and proper view for guidance.
The results of the validation of the EEG electrode guidance system in different views of the phantom head and different sizes of Vuforia maker. (a) Front view. (b) Back view. (c) Left-side view. (d) Right-side view. (e) Top view. Note that * is the recommended electrode and proper view for guidance.

Figure 9:

Summary results of verification of the virtual electrode positions with different sizes of Vuforia maker.
Summary results of verification of the virtual electrode positions with different sizes of Vuforia maker.

Figure 10:

Example of the use of the proposed system with an actual human head.
Example of the use of the proposed system with an actual human head.

The recommended sizes of the Vuforia AR marker and its tracking ranges.

Size (length × width)The recommended range of the distance between the camera and the marker (min-max)Active angle in the horizontal x-axisActive angle in the vertical y-axis
3 × 3 (cm)10–47 (cm)(-) 60°–(+) 60°(-) 60°–(+) 60°
5 × 5 (cm)19–91 (cm)(-) 65°–(+) 65°(-) 70°–(+) 70°
3 × 1.5 (cm)11–23 (cm)(-) 35°–(+) 35°(-) 35°–(+) 35°
5 × 2.5 (cm)16–76 (cm)(-) 65°–(+) 65°(-) 85°–(+) 85°
eISSN:
1178-5608
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
Volume Open
Journal Subjects:
Engineering, Introductions and Overviews, other
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