Physiological bending sensor based on tilt angle loss measurement using dual optical fibre

[1]M. Von Korff, “Studying the natural history of back pain,” Spine, vol. 19(18), pp. 2041S-2046S, Sept 1994. Search in Google Scholar

[2]R. M. Kiss, “Verification of determining the curvatures and range of motion of the spine by electromechanical-based skin-surface device,” Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, vol. 52(1), pp. 3–13, 2008. Search in Google Scholar

[3]L. Sheeran, V. Sparkes, M. Busse, and R. van Deursen, “Preliminary study: reliability of the spinal wheel. A novel device to measure spinal postures applied to sitting and standing,” European Spine Journal, vol. 19(6), pp. 995–1003, Jun 2010. Search in Google Scholar

[4]M. W. Whittle and D. Levine, “Three-dimensional relationships between the movements of the pelvis and lumbar spine during normal gait,” Human Movement Science, vol. 18(5), pp. 681–692, Oct 1999. Search in Google Scholar

[5]R. J. Crawford, R. I. Price and K. P. Singer, “The effect of interspinous implant surgery on back surface shape and radiographic lumbar curvature,” Clinical Biomechanics, vol. 24(6), pp. 467–472, July 2009. Search in Google Scholar

[6]A. Ahmadi, N. Maroufi , H. Behtash, H. Zekavat and M. Parnianpour, “Kinematic analysis of dynamic lumbar motion in patients with lumbar segmental instability using digital videofluoroscopy,” European Spine Journal, vol. 18(11), pp. 1677–1685, Nov 2009. Search in Google Scholar

[7]W. Van Hoof, K. Volkaerts, K. O’Sullivan, S. Verschueren and W. Dankaerts, “Comparing lower lumbar kinematics in cyclists with low back pain (flexion pattern) versus asymptomatic controls – field study using a wireless posture monitoring system,” Manual Therapy, vol. 17(4), pp. 312–317, Aug 2012. Search in Google Scholar

[8]M. Wunderlich, T. Rüther, D. Essfeld, T. C. Erren, C. Piekarski and D. Leyk, “A new approach to assess movements and isometric postures of spine and trunk at the workplace,” European Spine Journal, vol. 20(8), pp. 1393-1402, Aug 2011. Search in Google Scholar

[9]M. J. Pearcy and R. J. Hindle, “New method for the non-invasive three dimensional measurement of human back movement,” Clinical Biomechanics, vol. 4(2), pp. 73–79, May 1989. Search in Google Scholar

[10]Y. W. L. Raymond, L. Judi and H. K. F. Eric, “A real-time gyroscopic system for three-dimensional measurement of lumbar spine motion,” Medical Engineering & Physics, vol. 25(10), pp. 817-824, Dec 2003. Search in Google Scholar

[11]K. O’Sullivan, A. Clifford and L. Hughes, “The reliability of the CODA motion analysis system for lumbar spine analysis: a pilot study,” Physiotherapy Practice and Research, vol. 31(1), pp. 16-22, 2010. Search in Google Scholar

[12]M. A. Zawawi, S. O’Keeffe and E. Lewis, “Plastic optical fibre sensor for spine bending monitoring with power fluctuation compensation,” Sensors, vol. 13(11), pp. 14466–14483, Nov 2013. Search in Google Scholar

[13]J. B. Faria, “A theoretical analysis of the bifurcated fiber bundle displacement sensor,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 47(3), pp. 742–747, Jun 1998. Search in Google Scholar

[14]G. Perrone and A. Vallan, “A low-cost optical sensor for noncontact vibration measurements,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 58(5), pp. 1650–1656, May 2009. Search in Google Scholar

[15]N. Bogduk, Clinical Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine and Sacrum, 3rd ed., Churchill Livingstone: Edinburgh, UK, 1997; pp. 81–100. Search in Google Scholar