<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Objective: To determine the prevalence and pattern of hypodontia among multiracial orthodontic patients in Malaysia.
Materials and methods: Digital panoramic radiographs of 813 patients were obtained from the records of the orthodontic clinic over five years (2014–2018). The presence of hypodontia was recorded and crosschecked with clinical notes. The association of gender and ethnicity was analysed using the Chi-squared test (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05).
Results: The prevalence of hypodontia was 7.9%, with both mandibular and maxillary lateral incisors being most commonly and equally affected teeth at 17.9%. Three patients had up to five missing teeth. No severe hypodontia was recorded. The prevalence was highest among the Chinese (8.3%), followed by Malay (7.9%) and the Indian (6.3%) population. Gender and ethnicity were found not to be associated with hypodontia. The most common missing tooth for Malays was the mandibular central incisor, for the Chinese was the mandibular lateral incisor and for the Indian population was the mandibular second premolar.
Conclusion: The prevalence of hypodontia was 7.9%. The prevalence of hypodontia was 8.3% for the Chinese, 7.9% for Malay and 6.3% for the Indian population. The most common missing teeth were the mandibular and maxillary lateral incisors.
</abstract>

Objective: To determine the prevalence and pattern of hypodontia among multiracial orthodontic patients in Malaysia.
Materials and methods: Digital panoramic radiographs of 813 patients were obtained from the records of the orthodontic clinic over five years (2014–2018). The presence of hypodontia was recorded and crosschecked with clinical notes. The association of gender and ethnicity was analysed using the Chi-squared test (p < 0.05).
Results: The prevalence of hypodontia was 7.9%, with both mandibular and maxillary lateral incisors being most commonly and equally affected teeth at 17.9%. Three patients had up to five missing teeth. No severe hypodontia was recorded. The prevalence was highest among the Chinese (8.3%), followed by Malay (7.9%) and the Indian (6.3%) population. Gender and ethnicity were found not to be associated with hypodontia. The most common missing tooth for Malays was the mandibular central incisor, for the Chinese was the mandibular lateral incisor and for the Indian population was the mandibular second premolar.
Conclusion: The prevalence of hypodontia was 7.9%. The prevalence of hypodontia was 8.3% for the Chinese, 7.9% for Malay and 6.3% for the Indian population. The most common missing teeth were the mandibular and maxillary lateral incisors.

Prevalence and pattern of permanent tooth agenesis among multiracial orthodontic patients in Malaysia

Australasian Orthodontic Journal

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and pattern of hypodontia among multiracial orthodontic patients in Malaysia.
Materials and methods: Digital panoramic...

Tooth type	Right side			Left side			Bilateral agenesis			Unilateral agenesis			Total
Tooth type	No.	% of sample	% of missing teeth	No.	% of sample	% of missing teeth	No.	% of sample	% of missing teeth	No.	% of sample	% of missing teeth	No.	% of sample	% of missing teeth
32/42	11	1.4	9.4	10	1.2	8.5	5	0.6	4.3	11	1.4	9.4	16	2.0	17.9
12/22	11	1.4	9.4	10	1.2	8.5	7	0.9	6.0	7	0.9	6.0	14	1.7	17.9
35/45	7	0.9	6.0	8	1.0	6.8	4	0.5	3.4	7	0.9	6.0	11	1.4	12.8
15/25	9	1.1	7.7	7	0.9	6.0	6	0.7	5.1	4	0.5	3.4	10	1.2	13.7
13/23	7	0.9	6.0	5	0.6	4.3	2	0.2	1.7	8	1.0	6.8	10	1.2	10.3
31/41	8	1.0	6.8	8	1.0	6.8	7	0.9	6.0	2	0.2	1.7	9	1.1	13.7
14/24	3	0.4	2.6	3	0.4	2.6	2	0.2	1.7	2	0.2	1.7	4	0.5	5.1
33/43	2	0.2	1.7	1	0.1	0.9	0	0.0	0.0	3	0.4	2.6	3	0.4	2.6
16/26	1	0.1	0.9	2	0.2	1.7	1	0.1	0.9	1	0.1	0.9	2	0.2	2.6
17/27	1	0.1	0.9	2	0.2	1.7	1	0.1	0.9	1	0.1	0.9	2	0.2	2.6
11/21	1	0.1	0.9	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.1	0.9	1	0.1	0.9

Ethnicity	Hypodontia			Total sample	Prevalence (%)
Ethnicity	Male	Female	Combined	Total sample	Prevalence (%)
Malay	6	24	30	380	7.9
Chinese	8	20	28	338	8.3
Indian	4	2	6	95	6.3
Overall	18	46	64	813	7.9

No. of missing teeth	Males, N (%)	Females, N (%)	Total, N (%)
1	9 (50)	23 (50)	32 (50)
2	7 (39.9)	14 (30.4)	21 (32.8)
3	0 (0)	4 (8.7)	4 (6.3)
4	1(5.6)	3(6.5)	4 (6.3)
5	1 (5.6)	2 (4.4)	3 (4.7)
Total	18 (100)	46 (100)	64 (100)

Tooth type	Ethnicity			Total
Tooth type	Malay	Chinese	Indian	Total
32/42	10	10	1	21
12/22	12	7	2	21
31/41	13	3	0	16
15/25	6	6	4	16
35/45	5	5	5	15
13/23	7	4	1	12
14/24	2	2	2	6
33/43	1	2	0	3
16/26	0	1	2	3
17/27	0	3	0	3
11/21	1	0	0	1
Total	57	43	17	117

Prevalence and pattern of permanent tooth agenesis among multiracial orthodontic patients in Malaysia

Article Category: research-article

Published Online: Jul 13, 2021

Page range: 79 - 84

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/aoj-2021-008

© 2021 Nor Nadia Zakaria et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Hypodontia according to side and uni- or bilateral occurrence.

Distribution of recorded cases and prevalence of hypodontia.

Number of missing teeth and frequency distribution.

Missing teeth according to ethnicity.