Nitric oxide and zinc levels in sickle cell hemoglobinopathies: a relationship with the markers of disease severity

1 Serjeant GR, Vichinsky E. Variability of homozygous sickle cell disease: the role of alpha and beta globin chain variation and other factors. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2018;70:66-77. doi: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.06.004. Search in Google Scholar

2 da Guarda CC, Yahouédéhou SCMA, Santiago RP, Neres JSDS, Fernandes CFL, Aleluia MM, et al. Sickle cell disease: a distinction of two most frequent genotypes (HbSS and HbSC). PLoS ONE 2020;15(1):e0228399. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228399. Search in Google Scholar

3 Kato GJ, Piel FB, Reid CD, Gaston MH, Ohene-Frempong K, Krishnamurti L, et al. Sickle cell disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2018;4:18010. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2018.10. Search in Google Scholar

4 Nagel RL, Fabry ME, Steinberg MH. The paradox of hemoglobin SC disease. Blood Rev 2003;17(3):167-78. doi: 10.1016/s0268-960x(03)00003-1. Search in Google Scholar

5 Aleluia MM, da Guarda CC, Santiago RP, Fonseca TC, Neves FI, de Souza RQ, et al. Association of classical markers and establishment of the dyslipidemic sub-phenotype of sickle cell anemia. Lipids Health Dis 2017;16(1):74. doi: 10.1186/s12944-017-0454-1. Search in Google Scholar

6 Steinberg MH, Sebastiani P. Genetic modifiers of sickle cell disease. Am J Hematol 2012;87(8):795-803. doi: 10.1002/ajh.23232. Search in Google Scholar

7 Aleluia MM, Fonseca TCC, de Souza RQ, Neves FI, da Guarda CC, Santiago RP, et al. Comparative study of sickle cell anemia and hemoglobin SC disease: clinical characterization, laboratory biomarkers and genetic profiles. BMC Hematol 2017;17:15. doi: 10.1186/s12878-017-0087-7. Search in Google Scholar

8 Antwi-Boasiako C, Campbell AD. Low nitric oxide is implicated in sickle cell disease and its complications in Ghana. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2018;14:199-204. doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S163228. Search in Google Scholar

9 Temiye EO, Duke ES, Owolabi MA, Renner JK. Relationship between painful crisis and serum zinc level in children with sickle cell anaemia. Anemia 2011;2011:698586. doi: 10.1155/2011/698586. Search in Google Scholar

10 Nader E, Romana M, Guillot N, Fort R, Stauffer E, Lemonne N, et al. Association between nitric oxide, oxidative stress, eryptosis, red blood cell microparticles, and vascular function in sickle cell anemia. Front Immunol 2020;11:551441. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.551441. Search in Google Scholar

11 Ugwu NI, Okike C, Ugwu CN, Ezeonu CT, Iyare FE, Alo C. Assessment of zinc level and its relationship with some hematological parameters among patients with sickle cell anemia in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Niger J Med 2021;30(1):55-9. Search in Google Scholar

12 Rees DC, Gibson JS. Biomarkers in sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol 2012;156(4):433-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08961.x. Search in Google Scholar

13 Kato GJ, Gladwin MT, Steinberg MH. Deconstructing sickle cell disease: reappraisal of the role of hemolysis in the development of clinical subphenotypes. Blood Rev 2007;21(1):37-47. doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2006.07.001. Search in Google Scholar

14 Chiang EY, Frenette PS. Sickle cell vaso-occlusion. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2005;19(5):771-84. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2005.08.002. Search in Google Scholar

15 da Guarda CC, Santiago RP, Fiuza LM, Aleluia MM, Ferreira JRD, Figueiredo CVB, et al. Hememediated cell activation: the inflammatory puzzle of sickle cell anemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2017;10(6):533-41. doi: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1327809. Search in Google Scholar

16 Abd Elmoneim AA, Al Hawsawi ZM, Mahmoud BZ, Bukhari AA, Almulla AA, Sonbol AM, et al. Causes of hospitalization in sickle cell diseased children in western region of Saudi Arabia. A single center study. Saudi Med J 2019;40(4):401-4. doi: 10.15537/smj.2019.4.2.24049. Search in Google Scholar

17 Chies JA, Nardi NB. Sickle cell disease: a chronic inflammatory condition. Med Hypotheses 2001;57(1):46-50. Search in Google Scholar

18 Piel FB, Hay SI, Gupta S, Weatherall DJ, Williams TN. Global burden of sickle cell anaemia in children under five, 2010–2050: modelling based on demographics, excess mortality, and interventions. PLoS Med 2013;10(7):e1001484. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001484. Search in Google Scholar

19 Piel FB, Patil AP, Howes RE, Nyangiri OA, Gething PW, Dewi M, et al. Global epidemiology of sickle haemoglobin in neonates: a contemporary geostatistical model-based map and population estimates. Lancet 2013;381(9861):142-51. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61229-X. Search in Google Scholar

20 Adewoyin AS. Management of sickle cell disease: a review for physician education in Nigeria (sub-Saharan Africa). Anemia 2015;2015:791498. doi: 10.1155/2015/791498. Search in Google Scholar

21 Galadanci N, Wudil BJ, Balogun TM, Ogunrinde GO, Akinsulie A, Hasan-Hanga F, et al. Current sickle cell disease management practices in Nigeria. Int Health 2014;6(1):23-8. doi: 10.1093/inthealth/iht022. Search in Google Scholar

22 Cochran WG. Sampling techniques. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1977. Search in Google Scholar

23 Onukwuli VO, Ikefuna AN, Nwokocha AR, Emodi IJ, Eke CB. Relationship between zinc levels and anthropometric indices among school-aged female children with sickle cell anemia in Enugu, Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2017;20(11):1461-7. Search in Google Scholar

24 Juwah A, Nlemadin E, Kaine W. Types of anaemic crises in paediatric patients with sickle cell anaemia seen in Enugu, Nigeria. Arch Dis Child 2004;89(6):572-6. doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.037374. Search in Google Scholar

25 King JC. Yet again, serum zinc concentrations are unrelated to zinc intakes. J Nutr 2018;148(9):1399-401. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy190. Search in Google Scholar

26 Griess P. Ber. Deutsch Chem Ges 1879;12:426-8. Search in Google Scholar

27 Sun J, Zhang X, Broderick M, Fein H. Measurement of nitric oxide production in biological systems by using Griess reaction assay. Sensors 2003;3(8):276-84. doi: 10.3390/s30800276. Search in Google Scholar

28 Butrimovitz GP, Purdy WC. The determination of zinc in blood plasma by atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 1977;94(1):63-73. doi: 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)83632-1. Search in Google Scholar

29 Garba N, Ifeanyichukwu OM, Amilo GI, Audu I. Evaluation of trace elements in adult sickle cell anaemia patients in Zaria, North Western Nigeria. J Blood Disord Transfus 2016;7(2):1000347. Search in Google Scholar

30 Okocha CE, Aneke JC, Manafac PO, Nwogbo SC, Ibeh NC, Onah CE. Serum micronutrient levels and disease severity score in patients with sickle cell anaemia. Egypt J Haematol 2016;41(3):144-7. Search in Google Scholar

31 Waziri AD, Muktar HM, Hassan A, Awwalu S, Ibrahim IN, Kusfa IU. Zinc level is a poor predictor of leg ulcer in patients with sickle cell anemia. Ann Trop Pathol 2017;8(2):65-7. Search in Google Scholar

32 Datta D, Namazzi R, Conroy AL, Cusick SE, Hume HA, Tagoola A, et al. Zinc for infection prevention in sickle cell anemia (ZIPS): study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial in Ugandan children with sickle cell anemia. Trials 2019;20(1):460. doi: 1186/s13063-019-3569-z. Search in Google Scholar

33 Oluwagbenga OO, Ndububa DA, Yusuf M, Bolarinwa RA, Ayoola OO. Clinical and biochemical manifestations of severe sickle cell anemia in adult patients in steady state in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Sudan J Med Sci 2019;14(1):52-63. doi: 10.18502/sjms.v14i1.4381. Search in Google Scholar

34 Mack AK, Kato GJ. Sickle cell disease and nitric oxide: a paradigm shift? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2006;38(8):1237-48. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2006.01.010. Search in Google Scholar

35 Sant’Ana PG, Araujo AM, Pimenta CT, Bezerra ML, Junior SPB, Neto VM, et al. Clinical and laboratory profile of patients with sickle cell anemia. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2017;39(1):40-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2016.09.007. Search in Google Scholar

36 Ghanta M, Panchanathan E, Lakkakula BV. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase I stimulators and activators are therapeutic alternatives for sickle cell disease. Turk J Haematol 2018;35(1):77-8. doi: 10.4274/tjh.2017.0407. Search in Google Scholar