<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>President Trump imposed tariffs in 2017 on several of China’s exports, notably steel. Many papers opposed these tariffs by using a common, invalid argument: rather than arguing these tariffs reduced U.S. welfare, they argue U.S. consumers and businesses pay the tariffs, a different, rhetorical issue. Their main evidence of harm is increases in imported goods’ after-tariff U.S. prices, especially relative to other goods’ U.S. prices. In a standard, small general equilibrium model (two countries, two goods, two factors), this price evidence is wholly ambiguous—it is even consistent with the view that Trump’s tariff was optimal, increasing U.S. welfare. Even sophisticated papers are similarly ambiguous. All fail because they neglect how government uses tariff revenue. Relying on fallacious arguments makes the free-trade position look weak and encourages protectionism.</p>
</abstract>

President Trump imposed tariffs in 2017 on several of China’s exports, notably steel. Many papers opposed these tariffs by using a common, invalid argument: rather than arguing these tariffs reduced U.S. welfare, they argue U.S. consumers and businesses pay the tariffs, a different, rhetorical issue. Their main evidence of harm is increases in imported goods’ after-tariff U.S. prices, especially relative to other goods’ U.S. prices. In a standard, small general equilibrium model (two countries, two goods, two factors), this price evidence is wholly ambiguous—it is even consistent with the view that Trump’s tariff was optimal, increasing U.S. welfare. Even sophisticated papers are similarly ambiguous. All fail because they neglect how government uses tariff revenue. Relying on fallacious arguments makes the free-trade position look weak and encourages protectionism.

Tariffs and welfare: A common, invalid anti-tariff argument

Economics and Business Review

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"Tariffs and welfare: A common, invalid anti-tariff argument"}

President Trump imposed tariffs in 2017 on several of China’s exports, notably steel. Many papers opposed these tariffs by using a common, invalid argument:...

Tariffs and welfare: A common, invalid anti-tariff argument

Published Online: May 01, 2023

Page range: 5 - 25

Received: Jan 03, 2023

Accepted: Feb 22, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2023.1.1

Keywords
tariffs, anti-tariff arguments, optimal tariff, free trade, use of tariff revenue, tariff warfare

© 2023 Richard J. Sweeney, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Tariffs and welfare: A common, invalid anti-tariff argument

Published Online: May 01, 2023

Page range: 5 - 25

Received: Jan 03, 2023

Accepted: Feb 22, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2023.1.1

Keywordstariffs, anti-tariff arguments, optimal tariff, free trade, use of tariff revenue, tariff warfare

© 2023 Richard J. Sweeney, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
tariffs, anti-tariff arguments, optimal tariff, free trade, use of tariff revenue, tariff warfare