<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec><h3>Aim</h3>
<p>Simulators for aortic dissection diagnosis are limited by complex anatomy influencing the accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound for diagnosing aortic dissection. Therefore, this study aimed to create a healthy ascending aorta and class DeBakey, type II aortic dissection simulator as a potential point-of-care ultrasound training model.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Material and methods</h3>
<p>3D mould simulators were created based on computed tomography images of one healthy and one DeBakey type II aortic dissection patient. In the next step, two polyvinyl alcohol-based and two silicone-based simulators were synthesised.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Results</h3>
<p>The results of the scanning electron microscope assessment showed an aortic dissection simulator’s surface with disorganised surface texture and higher root mean square (RMS or Rq) value than the healthy model of polyvinyl alcohol (<italic>Rq<sub>AD</sub></italic> = 20.28 > <italic>Rq<sub>AAo</sub></italic> = 10.26) and silicone (<italic>Rq<sub>AD</sub></italic> = 33.8 > <italic>Rq<sub>AAo</sub></italic> = 23.07). The ultrasound assessment of diameter aortic dissection showed higher than the healthy ascending aorta in polyvinyl alcohol (<italic>d<sub>AD</sub></italic> = 28.2 mm > <italic>d<sub>AAo</sub></italic> = 20.2 mm) and Si (<italic>d<sub>AD</sub></italic> = 31.0 mm > <italic>d<sub>AAo</sub></italic> = 22.4 mm), while the wall thickness of aortic dissection showed thinner than the healthy aorta in polyvinyl alcohol, which is comparable with the actual aorta measurement. The intimal flap of aortic dissection was able to replicate and showed a false lumen in the ultrasound images. The flap was measured quantitatively, indicating that the intimal flap was hyperechoic.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p>The simulators were able to replicate the surface morphology and echogenicity of the intimal flap, which is a linear hyperechoic area representing the separation of the aorta wall.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Aim
Simulators for aortic dissection diagnosis are limited by complex anatomy influencing the accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound for diagnosing aortic dissection. Therefore, this study aimed to create a healthy ascending aorta and class DeBakey, type II aortic dissection simulator as a potential point-of-care ultrasound training model.

Material and methods
3D mould simulators were created based on computed tomography images of one healthy and one DeBakey type II aortic dissection patient. In the next step, two polyvinyl alcohol-based and two silicone-based simulators were synthesised.

Results
The results of the scanning electron microscope assessment showed an aortic dissection simulator’s surface with disorganised surface texture and higher root mean square (RMS or Rq) value than the healthy model of polyvinyl alcohol (RqAD = 20.28 > RqAAo = 10.26) and silicone (RqAD = 33.8 > RqAAo = 23.07). The ultrasound assessment of diameter aortic dissection showed higher than the healthy ascending aorta in polyvinyl alcohol (dAD = 28.2 mm > dAAo = 20.2 mm) and Si (dAD = 31.0 mm > dAAo = 22.4 mm), while the wall thickness of aortic dissection showed thinner than the healthy aorta in polyvinyl alcohol, which is comparable with the actual aorta measurement. The intimal flap of aortic dissection was able to replicate and showed a false lumen in the ultrasound images. The flap was measured quantitatively, indicating that the intimal flap was hyperechoic.

Conclusions
The simulators were able to replicate the surface morphology and echogenicity of the intimal flap, which is a linear hyperechoic area representing the separation of the aorta wall.

Anatomically realistic aortic dissection simulator as a potential training tool for point-of-care ultrasound

Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering

Advanced Diagnostic and Progressive Human Care research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering

IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering

Journal of Ultrasonography

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Aim
Simulators for aortic dissection diagnosis are limited by complex anatomy influencing the accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound for diagnosing aortic...

Anatomically realistic aortic dissection simulator as a potential training tool for point-of-care ultrasound

Article Category: Research paper

Published Online: Feb 27, 2024

Page range: -

Received: Apr 18, 2023

Accepted: Aug 23, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2024.0002

Keywords
diagnostic imaging, aortic dissection, silicone, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

© 2024 Mutiah Rahmah et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Anatomically realistic aortic dissection simulator as a potential training tool for point-of-care ultrasound

Article Category: Research paper

Published Online: Feb 27, 2024

Page range: -

Received: Apr 18, 2023

Accepted: Aug 23, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2024.0002

Keywordsdiagnostic imaging, aortic dissection, silicone, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

© 2024 Mutiah Rahmah et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Keywords
diagnostic imaging, aortic dissection, silicone, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)