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Portal vein congestion index in patients with and without chronic liver disease

Oghenetejiri Denise Ogholoh
Oghenetejiri Denise Ogholoh
, 
Akintunde Oluwaseunayo Zaccheus
Akintunde Oluwaseunayo Zaccheus
, 
Joyce Ekeme Ikubor
Joyce Ekeme Ikubor
, 
Nkem Nnenna Nwafor
Nkem Nnenna Nwafor
, 
Bukunmi Michael Idowu
Bukunmi Michael Idowu
 and 
Gregory Iremhien Ogholoh
Gregory Iremhien Ogholoh
   | May 11, 2023
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Article Category: Research paper
Published Online: May 11, 2023
Page range: e53 - e60
Received: Oct 25, 2022
Accepted: Mar 10, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2023.0011
Keywords
© 2023 Oghenetejiri Denise Ogholoh et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

B-mode transverse view (A) of the main portal vein (MPV) taken at the epigastrium, showing the cross-sectional area of the MPV = 0.72 cm2; and triplex sonogram of the MPV showing its typical forward (hepatopetal) flow and characteristic monophasic spectral pattern with gentle undulations caused by adjacent cardiac and respiratory motion
B-mode transverse view (A) of the main portal vein (MPV) taken at the epigastrium, showing the cross-sectional area of the MPV = 0.72 cm2; and triplex sonogram of the MPV showing its typical forward (hepatopetal) flow and characteristic monophasic spectral pattern with gentle undulations caused by adjacent cardiac and respiratory motion

B-mode liver findings in the CLD subgroups

Alcoholic liver disease Chronic viral hepatitis Total χ2 P-value
n (%) n (%) n (%)
Abnormal echogenicity 36 63.2 9 39.1 45 56.3 χ2 = 3.844 0.051
Hepatic nodules 17 29.8 5 21.7 22 27.5 χ2 = 11537 0.464
Liver span Normal 19 33.3 6 26.1 25 31.3 χ2 = 0.402 0.818
Hepatomegaly 27 47.4 12 52.2 39 48.8
Shrunken 11 19.3 5 21.7 16 20.0

Portal vein parameters of the ALD and CVH subgroups

Alcoholic liver disease (n = 57) Chronic viral hepatitis (n = 23) t P-value
PV diameter (cm) 1.36 ± 0.16 1.28 ± 0.10 t = 2.234 0.028
PV cross-sectional area (cm2) 1.47 ± 0.35 1.29 ± 0.20 t = 2.330 0.022
PV mean velocity (cm/s) 13.90 ± 1.50 13.90 ± 1.42 t = 0.008 0.993
PV congestion index (cm/sec) 0.1077 ± 0.03 0.0939 ± 0.02 t = 2.006 0.048

Effect of age, sex, and BMI on PVCI in the ALD and CVH subgroups

Mean ± SD Alcoholic liver disease Chronic viral hepatitis χ2 F P-value
n (%) Mean ± SD n (%)
Age (years) 21–30 0.1196 ± 0.041 7 (12.3) 0.0863 ± 0.010 5(21.7) 3.675 0.597
31–40 0.0997 ± 0.027 19 (33.3) 0.0848 ± 0.008 4(17.4) 1.359 0.250
41–50 0.1143 ± 0.030 16 (28.1) 0.0994 ± 0.020 6 (26.1)
51–60 0.1101 ± 0.035 10 (17.5) 0.0986 ± 0.020 6 (26.1)
61–70 0.0852 ± 0.019 4 (7.0) 0.0773 1 (4.3)
>70 0.1356 1 (1.8) 0.1217 1 (4.3)
Sex Male 0.1072 ± 0.033 41 (71.9) 0.0911 ± 0.018 15 (65.2) 0.352 0.553
Female 0.1090 ± 0.028 16 (28.1) 0.0992 ± 0.016 8 (34.8) 0.173 0.678
BMI Underweight 0.1006 ± 0.027 4 (7.0) – – 1.822 0.402
Normal 0.1022 ± 0.030 30 (52.6) 0.0919 ± 0.016 14 (60.9) 1.652 0.198
Overweight 0.1161 ± 0.033 23 (40.4) 0.0970 ± 0.020 9 (39.1)

Portal vein parameters of the control and CLD groups

Controls (n = 80) Chronic liver disease (n = 80) t P-value
PV diameter (cm) 1.16 ± 0.14 1.34 ± 0.15 t = -7.604 <0.0001
PV cross-sectional area (cm2) 1.07 ± 0.26 1.42 ± 0.32 t = -7.500 <0.0001
PV mean velocity (cm/s) 14.01 ± 1.60 13.90 ± 1.47 t = 0.462 0.645
PV congestion index (cm/sec) 0.0775 ± 0.02 0.1037 ± 0.03 t = -6.735 <0.0001

Post-hoc analysis of intergroup differences in portal vein congestion index

Total t P-value
Normal (n = 80) 0.0775 ± 0.02 6.735 <0.0001
Chronic liver disease (n = 80) 0.1037 ± 0.03
Alcoholic liver disease (n = 57) 0.1077 ± 0.03 2.006 0.048
Chronic viral hepatitis (n = 23) 0.0939 ± 0.02
Normal (n = 80) 0.0775 ± 0.02 47.562 <0.0001
Alcoholic liver disease (n = 57) 0.1077 ± 0.03
Normal (n = 80) 0.0775 ± 0.02 47.562 0.0001
Chronic viral hepatitis (n = 23) 0.0939 ± 0.02

Socio-demographic characteristics of the study population

N Controls CLD Total Test statistics P-value
(%) n (%) n (%)
Age (years) <20 7 8.8 0 0.0 7 4.4 χ2 = 17.948 0.006
21–30 21 26.3 12 15.0 33 20.6
31–40 17 21.3 23 28.7 40 25.0
41–50 23 28.7 22 27.5 45 28.1
51–60 12 15.0 16 20.0 28 17.5
61–70 0 0.0 5 6.3 5 3.1
>71 0 0.0 2 2.5 2 1.3
Mean 36.81 ±11.60 43.74 ± 11.63 40.28 ±12.09 t = -3.770 <0.0001
Sex Male 48 60.0 56 70.0 104 65.0 χ2 = 1.758 0.185
Female 32 40.0 24 30.0 56 35.0
Occupation Unemployed 4 5.0 7 8.8 11 6.9 χ2 = 17.140 0.002
Self-employed 15 18.8 28 35.0 43 26.9
Student 26 32.5 9 11.3 35 21.9
Civil servant 35 43.8 32 40.0 67 41.9
Retired 0 0.0 4 5.0 4 2.5
Ethnic group Urhobo 45 56.3 38 47.5 83 51.9 χ2 = 3.143 0.871
Ijaw 8 10.0 10 12.5 18 11.3
Itsekiri 12 15.0 9 11.3 21 13.1
Igbo 5 6.3 8 10.0 13 8.1
Yoruba 2 2.5 4 5.0 6 3.8
Bini 3 3.8 4 5.0 7 4.4
Isoko 4 5.0 6 7.5 10 6.3
Hausa 1 1.3 1 1.3 2 1.3
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