Color Doppler ultrasound during the Valsalva maneuver in the standing position. Color change confirms reflux
Fig. 6.
Standing position – initially B-mode and then color Doppler ultrasound during the Valsalva maneuver
Fig. 7.
A. Venography performed from the catheter placed in the left renal vein. B. Venography performed during the Valsalva maneuver from the catheter placed in the left testicular vein. Visible are venous stasis/reflux and the dilated testicular vein. C. Placing a coil in the distal segment of the testicular vein. D. Coils placed in the testicular vein. E. Final venography from the catheter placed in the initial segment of the testicular vein – no inflow of the contrast medium to the testicular vein
Fig. 8.
A. Testicular vein with its tributaries. B, C. Coils placed both in the main testicular vein and in its tributary veins