Enthesopathies and enthesitis. Part 2: Imaging studies

1. Sudoł-Szopińska I, Kwiatkowska B, Prochorec-Sobieszek M, Maśliń- ski W: Enthesopathies and enthesitis. Part 1. Etiopathogenesis. J Ultrason 2015; 15: 72–84.10.15557/JoU.2015.0006457970426674568 Search in Google Scholar

2. Balint PV, Kane D, Wilson H, McInnes IB, Sturrock RD: Ultrasonography of entheseal insertions in the Lower limb in spondyloartropathy. Ann Rheum Dis 2002; 61: 905–910.10.1136/ard.61.10.905175391312228161 Search in Google Scholar

3. Goldring SR: Osteoimmunology and Bone Homeostasis: Relevance to Spondyloarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2013; 15: 342.10.1007/s11926-013-0342-2368946523709258 Search in Google Scholar

4. Czyrny Z: Sonographic and histological appearance of heel enthesopa- thy, what the "heel spurs” really are and what are their consequences. J Orthop Trauma Surg Rel Res 2010; 2: 23–36. Search in Google Scholar

5. Benjamin M, Toumi H, Ralphs JR, Bydder G, Best TM, Milz S: Where tendons and ligaments meet bone: attachment sites ("entheses”) in relation to exercise and/or mechanical load. J Anat 2006; 208: 471–490.10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00540.x210020216637873 Search in Google Scholar

6. Benjamin M, McGonagle D: The anatomical basis for disease localization in seronegative spondyloarthropathy at entheses and related sites. J Anat 2001; 199: 503–526.10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19950503.x146836311760883 Search in Google Scholar

7. Benjamin M, Ralphs JR: Fibrocartilage in tendons and ligaments – an adaptation to compressive load. J Anat 1998; 193: 481–494.10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19340481.x146787310029181 Search in Google Scholar

8. Francois RJ, Braun J, Khan MA: Entheses and enthesitis: a histopathologic review and relevance to spondyloarthritides. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2001; 13: 255–264.10.1097/00002281-200107000-0000311555725 Search in Google Scholar

9. Spadaro A, Iagnocco A, Perrotta FM, Modesti M, Scarno A, Valesini G: Clinical and ultrasonography assessment of peripheral enthesitis in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology 2011; 50: 2080–2086.10.1093/rheumatology/ker28421875877 Search in Google Scholar

10. Maffulli N, Kader D: Tendinopathy of tendo Achillis. Tendinopathy of tendo Achillis. J Bone Joint Surg 2002; 84: 1–8.10.1302/0301-620X.84B1.0840001 Search in Google Scholar

11. Czyrny Z: Diagnostic anatomy and diagnostics of enthesal pathologies of the rotator cuff. J Ultrason 2012; 12: 178–187.10.15557/JoU.2012.0005457974326674384 Search in Google Scholar

12. Dębek A, Nowicki P, Czyrny Z: Ultrasonographic diagnostics of pain in the lateran cubital compartment and proximal forearm. J Ultrason 2012;12: 188–201.10.15557/JoU.2012.0006457974526674710 Search in Google Scholar

13. D’Agostino MA: Enthesitis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2006; 20: 473–486.10.1016/j.berh.2006.03.00716777577 Search in Google Scholar

14. D’Agostino MA, Aegerter P, Bechara K, Salliot C, Judet O, Chimenti MS et al.: How to diagnose spondyloarthritis early? Accuracy of peripheral enthesitis detection by power doppler ultrasonography. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70: 1433–1440.10.1136/ard.2010.13870121586438 Search in Google Scholar

15. Balint PV, Kane D, Wilson H, McInnes IB, Sturrock RD: Ultrasonography of entheseal insertions in the lower limb in spondyloarthropathy. Ann Rheum Dis 2002; 61: 905–910.10.1136/ard.61.10.905175391312228161 Search in Google Scholar

16. D’Agostino MA, Said-Nahal R, Hacquard-Bouder C, Brasseur JL, Dou- gados M, Breban M: Assessment of peripheral enthesitis in the spondyloarthropathies by ultrasonogfraphy combined with power Doppler: a cross-sectional study. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48: 523–533.10.1002/art.1081212571863 Search in Google Scholar

17. Sudoł-Szopińska I, Zaniewicz-Kaniewska K, Kwiatkowska B: Spectrum of ultrasound pathologies of Achilles tendon, plantar aponeurosis and flexor digiti brevis entheses in patients with clinically suspected enthesi- tis. Pol J Radiol 2014; 79: 402–408.10.12659/PJR.890803431171125674194 Search in Google Scholar

18. D’Agostino MA, Palazzi C, Olivieri I: Entheseal involvement. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2009; 27 (Suppl. 55): S50–S55. Search in Google Scholar

19. Genc H, Cakit BD, Tuncbilek I, Erdem HR: Ultrasonographic evaluation of tendons and enthesal sites in rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with ankylosing spondylitis and healthy subjects. Clin Rheumatol 2005; 24: 272–277.10.1007/s10067-004-0997-115940560 Search in Google Scholar

20. Feydy A, Lavie-Brion MC, Gossec L, Lavie F, Guerini H, Nguyen C et al.: Comparative study of MRI and power Doppler ultrasonography of the heel in patients with spondyloarthritis with and without heel pain and in controls. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 71: 498–503.10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-20033621949008 Search in Google Scholar

21. Hermann KG, Baraliakos X, van der Heijde DM, Jurik AG, Landewé R, Marzo-Ortega H et al.: Descriptions of spinal MRI lesions and definition of a positive MRI of the spine in axial spondyloarthritis: a consensual approach by the ASAS/OMERACT MRI study group. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 71: 1278–1288.10.1136/ard.2011.15068022586174 Search in Google Scholar

22. Bollow M, Fischer T, Reisshauer H, Backhaus M, Sieper J, Hamm B et al.: Quantitative analyses of sacroiliac biopsies in spondyloarthropathies: T cells and macrophages predominate in early and active sacroiliitis- cellularity correlates with the degree of enhancement detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Rheum Dis 2000; 59: 135–140.10.1136/ard.59.2.135175307610666170 Search in Google Scholar

23. Appel H, Loddenkemper C, Grozdanovic Z, Ebhardt H, Drei- mann M, Hempfi ng A et al.: Correlation of histopathological fi ndings and magnetic resonance imaging in the spine of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Res Ther 2006; 8: R143.10.1186/ar2035 Search in Google Scholar

24. Eshed I, Bollow M, McGonagle D, Tan AL, Althoff CE, Asbach P et al.: MRI of enthesitis of the appendicular skeleton in spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66: 1553–1559.10.1136/ard.2007.070243 Search in Google Scholar

25. McGonagle D, Gibbon W, O’Connor P, Green M, Pease C, Emery P: Characteristic magnetic resonance imaging entheseal changes of knee synovitis in spondyloarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41: 694–700.10.1002/1529-0131(199804)41:4<694::AID-ART17>3.0.CO;2-# Search in Google Scholar

26. Benjamin M, McGonagle D: Entheses, enthesitis and enthesopathy. ARC, Topical Reviews 2009; 4: 1–6. Search in Google Scholar

27. Pierre-Jerome C, Moncayo V, Terk M: MRI of the Achilles tendon: a comprehensive review of the anatomy, biomechanics, and imaging of overuse tendinopathies. Acta Radiol 2010; 51: 438–454.10.3109/02841851003627809 Search in Google Scholar

28. Olivieri I, Barozzi L, Padula A, De Matteis M, Pierro A, Cantini F et al.: Retrocalcaneal bursitis in spondyloarthropathy: assessment with ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. J Rheumatol 1998; 25: 1352–1357. Search in Google Scholar

29. Benjamin M, McGonagle D: The enthesis organ concept and its relevance to the spondyloarthropathies. In: Lopez-Larrea C, Diaz-Pena R (eds.): Molecular mechanisms of spondyloarthropathies. Springer-Science + Business Media LLC, New York 2009: 57–70.10.1007/978-1-4419-0298-6_4 Search in Google Scholar

30. Benjamin M, McGonagle D: Histopathologic changes at "synovio-en- theseal complexes” suggesting a novel mechanizm for synovitis in osteoarthritis and spondylarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 56: 3601–3609.10.1002/art.23078 Search in Google Scholar

31. Sudoł-Szopińska I, Kontny E, Zaniewicz-Kaniewska K, Prohorec-So- bieszek M, Saied F, Maśliński W: Role of inflammatory factors and adipose tissue in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Part I: Rheumatoid adipose tissue. J Ultrason 2013; 13: 192–201. Search in Google Scholar

32. Sudoł-Szopińska I, Hrycaj P, Prohorec-Sobieszek M: Role of inflammatory factors and adipose tissue in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Part II: Inflammatory background of osteoarthritis. J Ultrason 2013;13 (54): 319–328.10.15557/JoU.2013.0032 Search in Google Scholar

33. Benjamin M, Redman S, Buttner A, Amin A, Moriggl B, Brenner E et al.: Adipose tissue at entheses: the rheumatological implications of its distribution. A potential site of pain and stress dissipation? Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63: 1549–1555. Search in Google Scholar

34. Gandjbakhch F, Terslev L, Joshua F, Wakefield RJ, Naredo E, D’Agostino MA: Ultrasound in the evaluation of enthesis: status and perspectives. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13: R188.10.1186/ar3516Search in Google Scholar