Uterine myomas and sarcomas – clinical and ultrasound characteristics and differential diagnosis using pulsed and color Doppler techniques
, , , , , and | Apr 27, 2022
About this article
Article Category: Review paper
Published Online: Apr 27, 2022
Page range: 100 - 108
Received: Nov 18, 2021
Accepted: Mar 11, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15557/JoU.2022.0017
Keywords
© 2022 Kamila Wojtowicz, Tomasz Góra, Paweł Guzik, Magdalena Harpula, Paweł Chechliński, Ewelina Wolak, Aleksandra Stryjkowska-Góra, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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FIGO staging of myomas(5)
| Submucosal myoma (SM) | Other myoma (O) | Hybrid leiomyomas – modeling both endometrium and serosa |
|---|---|---|
| 0 – submucosal myoma in the uterine cavity | 3 – myoma contacts endometrium, but 100% intramural | Two types of myomas. The first number indicates the degree of contact with the endometrium, and the second number indicates the degree of contact with the serosa |
| 1 – myoma located in the uterine cavity, but | 4 – intramural myxoma | |
| 2 – myoma located in the uterine cavity, but | 5 – subserosal intramural extension ≥50% | |
| 6 – subserosal intramural extension <50% | ||
| 7 – subserosal pedunculated | ||
| 8 – other (parasitic myoma – growing from the peritoneum of organs other than the uterus, cervical myoma) | ||
| FIGO ( | ||
Differentiation of uterine myomas/sarcomas
| Feature | Uterine myoma | Uterine sarcoma |
|---|---|---|
| 250 : 1000 women | 0.1 : 1000 women | |
| usually multiple tumors | single | |
| slow | rapid | |
| perimenopausal and postmenopausal | 50–65 years | |
| 100% | 10% | |
| heavy periods, abdominal pain, infertility | non-cyclic uterine bleeding | |
| round, solid, clearly demarcated, hyperechoic | oval, solid, heterogeneous tumors with mixed echogenicity | |
| tumor capsule, acoustic shadow, peripheral calcifications (usually postmenopausal) | no capsule, no acoustic shadow, no calcifications | |
| weak, peripheral, MUSA 1 | strong, irregular, peripheral and central MUSA 3/4 | |
| PI 0.7–0.9 | ||
| RI 0.4–0.6 | RI 0.37 ± 0.03 | |
| PSV 22.5 cm/sec. | PSV 71 cm/sec. |