Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Some Species of the Genus Galium L. (Galium verum and mollugo)

1. Mitova MI, Anchev ME, Handjieva NV et al. Iridoid patterns in Galium L. and some phylogenetic considerations. Z Naturforsch C. 2002; 57:226-34.10.1515/znc-2002-3-405Search in Google Scholar

2. M. Gajić. Flora of Serbia. Belgrade: Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts; 1973.Search in Google Scholar

3. Lakic N, Mimica-Dukic N, Isak J et al. Antioxidant properties of Galium verum L. (Rubiaceae) extracts. Cent Eur J Biol. 2010; 5:331-7.Search in Google Scholar

4. Mersereau D, DiTommaso A. The biology of Canadian weeds. 121. Galium mollugo L. Can. J. Plant Sci.. 2002; 2:453-466.Search in Google Scholar

5. Bojthe-Horvath K, Hetenyi F, Kocsis A et al. Iridoid glycosides from Galium verum. Phytochemistry. 1980; 21-2917-2919.10.1016/0031-9422(80)85068-0Search in Google Scholar

6. Bojthe-Horvath K, Kocsis A, Parkany L et al. A new iridoid glycoside from Galium verum L. First X-ray analysis of a tricyclic iridoid glycoside. Tetrahedron Lett. 1982; 23-965-966.10.1016/S0040-4039(00)86995-6Search in Google Scholar

7. Demirezer LO, Gurbuz F, Guvenalp Z et al. Iridoids, flavonoids and monoterpene glycosides from Galium verum subsp. verum. Turk J Chem. 2006; 30-525-534.Search in Google Scholar

8. Iavarone C, Sen A, Trogole C et al. Mollugoside, an iridoid glucoside from Galium mollugo. Phytochemistry. 1983; 22:175-178.10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80082-5Search in Google Scholar

9. Uesato S, Ueda M, Inouye H et al. Iridoids from Galium mollugo. Phytochemistry. 1984; 23:2535-2537.10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84093-5Search in Google Scholar

10. Zhao C, Shao J, Li X et al. Flavonoids from Galium verum L. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2008; 10:613-617.10.1080/10286020802133217Search in Google Scholar

11. Zhao C, Shao J, Cao D et al. Chemical constituents of Galium verum. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2009; 34:2761-2764.Search in Google Scholar

12. Matei AO, Gatea F, Radu GL. Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Some Medicinal Herbs by LC-MS. J Chromatogr Sci. 2015; 53:1147-1154.10.1093/chromsci/bmu177Search in Google Scholar

13. Tamaș M, Stana D, Timiș S. Comparative phytochemical research of Galium verum L. and G. mollugo L. Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. Cluj. 2006; 34:18-20.Search in Google Scholar

14. Mocan A, Gianina C, Laurian V et al. Phytochemical investigations on four Galium species (Rubiaceae) from Romania. Farmacia. 2016; 64:95-99.Search in Google Scholar

15. Vlase L, Mocan A, Hanganu D. Comparative study of polyphenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of four Galium species (Rubiaceae). Dig J Nano-mater Biostruct. 2014; 9:1085-1094.Search in Google Scholar

16. Shafaghat A, Salimi F, Aslaniyan N et al. Flavonoids and an ester derivative isolated from Galium verum L. World Appl Sci J. 2010; 11:473-477.Search in Google Scholar

17. Milic PS, Stanojevic LP, Rajkovic KM. Antioxidant activity of Galium mollugo L. extracts obtained by different recovery techniques. Hem Ind. 2013; 67:89-9410.2298/HEMIND120314042MSearch in Google Scholar

18. de Rosa S, Iodice C, Mitova M et al. Triterpene saponins and iridoid glucosides from Galium rivale. Phyto-chemistry. 2000; 54:751-756.10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00149-7Search in Google Scholar

19. Zhao CC, Shao JH, Li X et al. A new anthraquinone from Galium verum L. Nat Prod Res. 2006; 20:981-984.10.1080/1478641060092153217050180Search in Google Scholar

20. Heide L, Leistner E. Enzyme activities in extracts of anthraquinone-containing cells of Galium mollugo. Phytochem. 1983; 22:659-662.10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86957-5Search in Google Scholar

21. Banthorpe DV, White JJ. Novel anthraquinones from undifferentiated cell cultures of Galium verum. Phyto-chemistry. 1995; 38:107-111.Search in Google Scholar

22. Milic PS, Bekric DM, Milic SM et al. A study of the extraction kinetics of the minerals from the white lady’s bedstraw (Galium mollugo L.) by using an artificial neural network. Hem Ind. 2011; 65:313-321.10.2298/HEMIND110125013MSearch in Google Scholar

23. Milic PS, Rajkovic KM, Milicevic PM et al. Comparison, artificial neural network modeling and genetic algorithm optimization of the resinoid and potassium yields from white lady’s bedstraw (Galium mollugo L.) by conventional, reflux and ultrasound-assisted aqueous-ethanolic extraction. Chem. In. Chem. Eng. Q. 2013; 19:141-152.Search in Google Scholar

24. Mirzam M, Navaei MN, Dini M. Essential oil of Galium verum L. from Iran. Iran J Pharm Res. 2004; 3: 88-88.Search in Google Scholar

25. Il’ina TV, Kovaleva AM, Goryachaya OV et al. Essential oil from Galium verum flowers. Chem Nat Compd. 2009; 45:587-588.10.1007/s10600-009-9375-1Search in Google Scholar

26. Ramdani M, Lograda T, Chalard P et al. Chemical composition of essential oils of Galium tunetanum Poiret and Galium mollugo L. in Algeria. Int. J. Med. Arom. Plants. 2013; 3:362-65Search in Google Scholar

27. Schmidt M, Scholz CJ, Gavril GL et al. Effect of Galium verum aqueous extract on growth, motility and gene expression in drug-sensitive and -resistant laryngeal carcinoma cell lines. Int J Oncol. 2014; 44:745-60.10.3892/ijo.2013.2220Search in Google Scholar

28. Hartwell JL. Plants used against cancer. A survey. Lloydia. 1971; 34:204-55.Search in Google Scholar

29. Zhao R, Chen Z, Jia G et al. Protective effects of diosmetin extracted from Galium verum L. on the thymus of U14-bearing mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2011; 89:665-73.10.1139/y11-058Search in Google Scholar

30. Mitic VD, Stankov-Jovanovic VP, Ilic MD et al. The antioxidant, hemolytic and cholinesterase inhibition properties of Galium verum L. and Tragopogon pratensis subsp pratensis. Bulg Chem Commun. 2014; 46:269-276.Search in Google Scholar

31. Roman I, Toma VA, Farcas AD. Protective effects of Galium verum L. extract on the hypothalamic--pituitary--adrenal axis under anakinetic stress conditions, in rats. histological aspects. Studia Universitatis Vasile Goldis Seria Stiintele Vietii (Life Sciences Series). 2015; 25:207-14Search in Google Scholar

32. Jaric S, Popović Z, Macukanović-Jocic M et al. An ethnobotanical study on the usage of wild medicinal herbs from Kopaonik Mountain (Central Serbia). J Ethnopharmacol. 2007; 20:160-75.10.1016/j.jep.2006.11.007Search in Google Scholar

33. Menkovic N, Savikin K, Tasic S et al. Ethnobotanical study on traditional uses of wild medicinal plants in Prokletije Mountains (Montenegro). J Ethnopharmacol. 2011; 133:97–107.10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.008Search in Google Scholar

34. Popovic Z, Smiljanic M, Kostic M et al. Wild flora and its usage in traditional phytotherapy (Deliblato Sands, Serbia, South East Europe). Indian J Tradit Know. 2014; 13:9-35Search in Google Scholar

35. Kavvadias D, Sand P, Youdim KA et al. The flavone hispidulin, a benzodiazepine receptor ligand with positive allosteric properties, traverses the blood-brain barrier and exhibits anticonvulsive effects. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2004; 142:811-20.Search in Google Scholar

36. Al-Douri NA. A survey of medicinal plants and their traditional uses in Iraq. Pharm Biol. 2000; 38:74-9. ·10.1076/1388-0209(200001)3811-BFT074Search in Google Scholar

37. Bolivar P, Cruz-Paredes C, Hernandez LR et al. Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic activities of Galium mexicanum. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011; 137:141-7.10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.06921586319Search in Google Scholar

38. Roman I, Puica C. Effects of Anakinetic Stress and Galium verum Extract on the Thyroid and Ovary Morphology in Wistar Rats. Bulletin UASVM. 2013; 70:167-69.Search in Google Scholar

39. Mavi A, Terzi Z, Ozgen U et al. Antioxidant properties of some medicinal plants: Prangos ferulacea (Apiaceae), Sedum sempervivoides (Crassulaceae), Malva neglecta (Malvaceae), Cruciata taurica (Rubiaceae), Rosa pimpinellifolia (Rosaceae), Galium verum subsp. verum (Rubiaceae), Urtica dioica (Urticaceae). Biol Pharm Bull. 2004; 27:702-5.10.1248/bpb.27.70215133249Search in Google Scholar

40. Kim DK. Superoxide Quenching Activity of Phenolic Compounds from the Whole Plant of Galium verum var. asiaticum. Nat Prod Sci. 2011; 17:261-66.Search in Google Scholar

41. Danila AO, Gatea F and Radu GL. Polyphenol composition and antioxidant activity of selected medicinal herbs. Chem Nat Compd. 2011; 47(1): 22-26.10.1007/s10600-011-9822-7Search in Google Scholar

42. Layali I, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Joulaei M. Antioxidant properties of Galium verum. Int. J. Life Sci. Pharma Rres.. 2016; 6:31-37.Search in Google Scholar

43. Csepregi R, Bencsik T, Papp N. Examination of secondary metabolites and antioxidant capacity of Anthyllis vulneraria, Fuchsia sp., Galium mollugo and Veronica beccabunga. Acta Biol Hung. 2016; 67:442-446.10.1556/018.67.2016.4.1028000504Search in Google Scholar

44. Chaher N, Krisa S, Delaunay JC et al. Unusual compounds from Galium mollugo and their inhibitory activities against ROS generation in human fibroblasts. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2016; 117:79-84.10.1016/j.jpba.2015.07.02726344381Search in Google Scholar

45. Vasilevna IT, Volodymyrivna GO, Leonidivna TE et al. Antimicrobial Activity of the Genus Galium L. Pharmacogn. Commn. 2016; 6:42-47.Search in Google Scholar

46. Ergun F, Deliorman D, Veliog IA et al. Antimicrobial activities of Galium species. J Fac Pharm Gazi. 199; 16-7–11Search in Google Scholar

47. Yigit D, Yigit N, Ozgen U. An investigation on the anticandidal activity of some traditional medicinal plants in Turkey. Mycoses. 2009; 52:135-40.10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01552.x18522697Search in Google Scholar