A New Approach to Assessment of Bird Carcass Removal (Scavenging) Time on Wind Farm in Egypt

Anderson R., Neumann N., Tom, J., Erickson W., Strickland M. D., Bourassa M., Bay K.J. and Sernka K.J. 2004. Avian monitoring and risk assessment at the Tehachapi Pass Wind Resource Area. Subcontractor Report. National Renewable Energy Laboratory.10.2172/15020049Search in Google Scholar

Baerwald E.F. and Barclay R.M.R. 2009. Geographic variation in activity and fatality of migratory bats at wind energy facilities. Journal of Mammalogy 90: 1341-1349.10.1644/09-MAMM-S-104R.1Search in Google Scholar

Bio3 2007. Monitorizaçao da comunidade de aves no parque Eólico de Candeeiros – relatório 1 (2005-2006). [Monitorization of bird populations at Candeeiros wind farm – first report (2005-2006)]. Bio3 – Estudos e projectos em biologia e valorizaçao de recursos naturais.Search in Google Scholar

Brown W. K. and Hamilton B. L.. 2006. Monitoring of Bird and Bat Collisions with Wind Turbines at the Summerview Wind Power Project, Alberta 2005-2006, for Vision Quest Windelectric Calgary, AB.Search in Google Scholar

EEAA. 2015. Bird Carcass search within KFW 200MW wind farm, technical report, Egyptian Environment Affairs Agency (EEAA).Search in Google Scholar

EEAA. 2016. Bird Carcass search within KFW 200MW wind farm, technical report, Egyptian Environment Affairs Agency (EEAA).Search in Google Scholar

EEAA. 2017. Bird Carcass search within KFW 200 MW, JICA, 220 MW and Spanish 120 MW wind farms, technical report, Egyptian Environment Affairs Agency (EEAA).Search in Google Scholar

Erickson W., Johnson G., Strickland M.D. and Kronner K. 2000. Avian and bat mortality associated with the Vansycle Wind Project. Umatilla County, Oregon. Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc.Search in Google Scholar

Erickson W.P., Jeffrey J., Kronner K. and Bay K. 2004. Stateline Wind Project Wildlife. Monitoring Final Report, July 2001 – December 2003. – Technical report peer-reviewed by and submitted to FPL Energy, the Oregon Energy Facility Siting Council, and the Stateline Technical Advisory Committee, Oregon, USA, 105 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Korner-Nievergelt F., Korner-Nievergelt P., Behr O., Niermann I., Brinkmann R. and Hellriegel B. 2011. A new method to determine bird and bat fatality at wind energy turbines from carcass searches. Wildl. Biol. 17: 350-363. DOI: 10.2981/10-121_Wildlife Biology, NKV, www.wild-lifebiology.com.Search in Google Scholar

Higgins K.F., Dieter C.D. and Usgaard R.E. 1995. Monitoring of seasonal bird activity and mortality on Unit 2 at the Buffalo Ridge Wind plant, Minnesota. Preliminary progress report for the research period May 1 – December 31, 1994. Prepared by the South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, National Biological Service, South Dakota State University.Search in Google Scholar

Hull C., Sims E., Stark S. and Muir. 2015. Results and Analysis of Eagle Studies from the Bluff Point and Studland Bay Wind Farms 2002–2012, Wind and Wildlife, Springer Science and Business, DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-9490-9_610.1007/978-94-017-9490-9_6Search in Google Scholar

Huso M. 2010. An estimator of wildlife fatality from observed carcasses. Environmetrics 22: 318-329.10.1002/env.1052Search in Google Scholar

Bernardino J., Bispo R., Torresl P., Rebelo R., Mascarenhas M. and Costa H. 2011. Enhancing Carcass Removal Trials at Three Wind Energy Facilities in Portugal. Wildl. Biol. Pract., 2011 December 7(2): 1-14, DOI:10.2461/wbp.2011.7.1110.2461/wbp.2011.7.11Search in Google Scholar

Johnson G.D., Erickson W.P., Strickland M.D., Shepherd M.F., Shepherd D.A. and Sarappo S.A. 2003. Mortality of bats at a largescale wind power development at Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota. American Midland Naturalist 150: 332-342.Search in Google Scholar

Kerns J. and Kerlinger P. 2004. A study of bird and bat collision fatalities at the Mountaineer Wind Energy Center, Tucker County, West Virginia: Annual Report for 2003. Technical Report, FPL Energy and Mountaineer Wind Energy Center Technical Review Committee, McLean, Virginia, USA, 39 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Lizarraga J.L. 2003. Seguimiento de la mortalidad de aves y murcielagos en los parques eólicos de Navarra.[Monitorization of birds and bats mortality at Navarra wind farm]. Guardabosques, no 21.Search in Google Scholar

Pain D.J. 1991. Why are lead-poisoned waterfowl rarely seen? The disappearance of waterfowl carcasses in the Camargue, France. Wildfowl 42: 118-122.Search in Google Scholar

Saraiva T.M. 2005. Estudo de monitorizaçao do Parque Eólico de Fonte dos Monteiros. Relatório Final.[Monitorization study of Fonte dos Monteiros wind farm]. Instituto de Conservaçao da Natureza.Search in Google Scholar

Silva B., Barreiro S., Hortencio M. and Alves P. 2008. Parque Eólico do Caramulo: Monitorizaçao de quirópteros. Relatório 3 - Ano 2007.[Caramulo wind farm: bats monitorization. Third report – year 2007]. Plecotus, LdaSearch in Google Scholar

Strickland M.D., Johnson G.D., Erickson W., Sarappo S.A. and Halet R.M. 2000. Avian use, flight behaviour, and mortality on the Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota, Wind Resource Area. Proceedings of National Avian-wind Power Planning Meeting III, May, San Diego, CA.Search in Google Scholar

Wobeser G. and Wobeser A.G. 1992. Carcass disappearance and estimation of mortality in a simulated die-off of small birds. J. Wildlife Dis. 28: 548-554.10.7589/0090-3558-28.4.5481474652Search in Google Scholar