Perioperative increase in neutrophil CD64 expression is an indicator for intra-abdominal infection after colorectal cancer surgery
, and | Mar 26, 2016
About this article
Article Category: Research Articles
Published Online: Mar 26, 2016
Page range: 211 - 220
Received: Jan 15, 2016
Accepted: Jan 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/raon-2016-0016
© 2017 Milena Kerin Povsic, Bojana Beovic, Alojz Ihan
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparison of patient and surgical characteristics between infected and non-infected group
| Characteristic | Total N=200 | No infection N=132 | Infection N=68 | p-value | Corrected Holm-Bonferroni correction; | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.8 (11.3) | 62.2 (11.0) | 63.8 (11.9) | 0.3787 T-test (mean, standard deviation) | 1 | |
| Gender | male | 131 (65.5%) | 86 (65.2%) | 45 (66.2%) | 1 Chi-square test | 1 |
| female | 69 (34.5%) | 46 (34.8%) | 23 (33.8%) | |||
| ASAscore | I | 14 (7%) | 12 (9.1%) | 2 (2.9%) | 0.0503 Fisher’s exact test | 0.8546 |
| II | 105 (52.5%) | 74 (56.1%) | 31 (45.6%) | |||
| III | 76 (38%) | 42 (31.8%) | 34 (50%) | |||
| IV | 5 (2.5%) | 4 (3%) | 1 (1.5%) | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | no | 161 (80.5%) | 110 (83.3%) | 51 (75%) | 0.2222 Chi-square test | 1 |
| yes | 39 (19.5%) | 22 (16.7%) | 17 (25%) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.2 (4.3) | 27.3 (4.1) | 27.2 (4.6) | 0.8461 T-test (mean, standard deviation); | 1 | |
| Phase angle measured one day before surgery; | 5.4 (1.0) | 5.5 (1.0) | 5.3 (1.1) | 0.4632 T-test (mean, standard deviation); | 1 | |
| Illness marker measured one day before surgery; | 0.81 (0.04) | 0.81 (0.04) | 0.81 (0.04) | 0.8567 T-test (mean, standard deviation); | 1 | |
| Dry lean body mass measured one day before surgery; | 12.2 (9.8–16.5) | 12.8 (9.9–16.5) | 11.3 (8.8–16.5) | 0.1852 Mann-Whitney U test (median, interquartile range) | 1 | |
| Hematocrit in the morning before surgery; | ≥ 38% | 100 (50%) | 66 (50%) | 34 (50%) | 1 Fisher’s exact test | 1 |
| 30–37% | 87 (43.5%) | 57 (43.2%) | 30 (44.1%) | |||
| 26–29% | 12 (6%) | 8 (6.0%) | 4 (5.9%) | |||
| 21–25% | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| Albumin in the morning before surgery; | 42.1 (3.6) | 42.4 (3.3) | 41.6 (4.0) | 0.1583 T-test (mean, standard deviation); | 1 | |
| Tumour site | rectum | 137 (68.5%) | 84 (63.6%) | 53 (77.9%) | 0.0909 Fisher’s exact test | 1 |
| colon | 60 (30%) | 46 (34.8%) | 14 (20.6%) | |||
| rectum + colon | 3 (1.5%) | 2 (1.5%) | 1 (1.5%) | |||
| Stage (TNM) | 0 | 3 (1.5%) | 2 (1.5%) | 1 (1.5%) | 0.0265 Fisher’s exact test | 0.477 |
| I | 27 (13.5%) | 21(15.9%) | 6 (8.8%) | |||
| II | 42 (21%) | 34 (25.8%) | 8 (11.8%) | |||
| III | 109 (54.5%) | 66 (50%) | 43 (63.2%) | |||
| IV | 19 (9.5%) | 9 (6.8%) | 10 (14.7%) | |||
| Preoperative RT/CTX | no | 82 (41%) | 62 (47%) | 20 (29.4%) | 0.0251 Chi-square test | 0.477 |
| yes | 118 (59%) | 70 (53%) | 48 (70.6%) | |||
| Antibiotic prophylaxis | < 24 hours | 54 (27%) | 35 (26.5%) | 19 (27.9%) | 0.9404 Fisher’s exact test | 1 |
| 24 hours | 132 (66%) | 87 (65.9%) | 45 (66.2%) | |||
| > 24 hours | 14 (7%) | 10 (7.6%) | 4 (5.9%) | |||
| Surgical procedure Rectum resection | LAR | 86 (43%) | 62 (47%) | 24 (35.3%) | 0.0034 Fisher’s exact test | 0.0749 |
| Miles + Hartmann | 50 (25%) | 23 (17.4%) | 27 (39.7%) | |||
| Colon resection | 64 (32%) | 47 (35.6%) | 17 (25%) | |||
| Synchronous resection of liver metastases | no | 186 (93%) | 126 (95.5%) | 60 (88.2%) | 0.0784 Fisher’s exact test | 1 |
| yes | 14 (7%) | 6 (4.5%) | 8 (11.8%) | |||
| Duration of surgery (min) | 170 (130–220) | 160 (120–196.2) | 200 (150–242.5) | < 0.0001 Mann-Whitney U test (median, interquartile range) | 0.0004 | |
| Loss of blood (ml) | 500 (300–800) | 400 (200–675) | 600 (400–1000) | < 0.0001 Mann-Whitney U test (median, interquartile range) | 0.0003 | |
| Temperature at the end of surgery; | 35.3 (0.6) | 35.3 (0.5) | 35.3 (0.7) | 0.8719 T-test (mean, standard deviation); | 1 | |
| Perioperative during the surgery and 30 days after the surgery or until the infection develops; | 0 (0–606.2) | 0 (0–326.2) | 345 (0–842.5) | < 0.0001 Mann-Whitney U test (median, interquartile range) | 0.0009 | |
| SIRS 1 (POD 1)no | 138 (71.1%) | 95 (74.8%) | 43 (64.2%) | 0.1657 Chi-square test | 1 | |
| yes | 56 (28.9%) | 32 (25.2%) | 24 (35.8%) | |||
| SIRS 2 (POD 2) | no | 147 (75.4%) | 100 (78.7%) | 47 (69.1%) | 0.1895 Chi-square test | 1 |
| yes | 48 (24.6%) | 27 (21.3%) | 21 (30.9%) | |||
| SIRS 3 (POD 3) | no | 161 (82.6%) | 107 (84.3%) | 54 (79.4%) | 0.5151 Chi-square test | 1 |
| yes | 34 (17.4%) | 20 (15.7%) | 14 (20.6%) | |||
| SIRS 4 (POD 4) | no | 149 (77.2%) | 104 (83.2%) | 45 (66.2%) | 0.012 Chi-square test | 0.2392 |
| yes | 44 (22.8%) | 21 (16.8%) | 23 (33.8%) | |||
| SIRS 5 (POD 5) | no | 144 (80.9%) | 99 (87.6%) | 45 (69.2%) | 0.005 Chi-square test | 0.1055 |
| yes | 34 (19.1%) | 14 (12.4%) | 20 (30.8%) | |||
| Re-operation | no | 188 (94%) | 132 (100%) | 56 (82.4%) | < 0.0001 Fisher’s exact test | < 0.0001 |
| yes | 12 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 12 (17.6%) | |||