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Parasites and endobiotic fungi in digestive gland cryosections of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in the Northern Adriatic, Croatia

Ines Kovačić
Ines Kovačić
 and 
Emina Pustijanac
Emina Pustijanac
   | Dec 12, 2017
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Article Category: Original research paper
Published Online: Dec 12, 2017
Page range: 414 - 420
Received: Feb 14, 2017
Accepted: May 23, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2017-0041
© 2017 Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Poland. All rights reserved
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Geographical location of the sampling areas: (•) St. Andrew and ACI Marina, Northern Adriatic, Croatia
Geographical location of the sampling areas: (•) St. Andrew and ACI Marina, Northern Adriatic, Croatia

Figure 2

Light microscopy of transverse cryosections through the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis digestive gland containing Nematopsis sp. A) One oocyst (oc) in connective tissue (ct) between digestive tubules (dt); B) host phagocyte (p) containing three oocysts (oc) in connective tissue (ct); C) oocysts located in a parasitophorous vacuole (pv) (lighter area). Note the oocyst wall (ocw) and the sporozoite (s) (scale bars = 10 μm)
Light microscopy of transverse cryosections through the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis digestive gland containing Nematopsis sp. A) One oocyst (oc) in connective tissue (ct) between digestive tubules (dt); B) host phagocyte (p) containing three oocysts (oc) in connective tissue (ct); C) oocysts located in a parasitophorous vacuole (pv) (lighter area). Note the oocyst wall (ocw) and the sporozoite (s) (scale bars = 10 μm)

Figure 3

Light microscopy of Urastoma cyprinae located in connective tissue (ct) at the edge of the digestive gland and digestive tubules (dt) (scale bar = 20 μm)
Light microscopy of Urastoma cyprinae located in connective tissue (ct) at the edge of the digestive gland and digestive tubules (dt) (scale bar = 20 μm)

Figure 4

Light microscopy of transverse cryosections through the digestive gland of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis containing conidia (c) of Alternaria sp. attached to epithelial cells of digestive tubules (dt) (scale bar = 20 μm)
Light microscopy of transverse cryosections through the digestive gland of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis containing conidia (c) of Alternaria sp. attached to epithelial cells of digestive tubules (dt) (scale bar = 20 μm)

Prevalence (P) and intensity of infection (I) with Nematopsis sp., Urastoma cyprinae and Alternaria sp. (range given in parentheses) from Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels sampled at St. Andrew (SA) and ACI Marina (AM)

Infection Nematopsis sp. P (%) [I (range)] U. cyprinae P (%) [I (range)] Alternaria sp. P (%) [I (range)]
Site SA AM SA AM SA AM
September 100 [12 (2-27)] - 20 [1] - - 20 [1] - -
October 80 [30 (12-38)] 20 [9 (9)] - - - - - - - -
November 100 [11 (6-17)] - - - - - 40 [1] - -
December 60 [4 (2-5)] - - - - - - - - -
January 80 [8 (1-17)] 60 [7(4-11)] - - - - - - - -
February 60 [6 (1-17)] 40 [6 (2-10)] - - - - - - - -
March 80 [9 (3-17)] - - - - - - - - -
April 60 [12 (9-17)] 40 [1(1)] - - - - - - - -
May 60 [10 (6-15)] 40 [3(2-3)] - - - - - - - -
June 80 [13 (2-26)] - - - - - - - - -
July 40 [74 (37-110)] 40 [3(1-4)] - - - - - - - -
August 100 [20 (2-60)] 60 [3(1-7)] - - - - - - - -

Environmental factors: temperature and salinity measured at St. Andrew (SA) and ACI Marina (AM) sites

Month/ Environmental factor Temperature (°C) Salinity (PSU)
Site SA AM SA AM
September 22.5 23.0 34.5 34.5
October 20.1 22.0 34.5 34.2
November 16.0 15.2 35.0 35.4
December 12.2 12.4 36.2 36.2
January 10.3 11.1 37.4 35.1
February 9.9 10.2 37.5 36.8
March 9.7 10.5 37.4 37.1
April 12.2 13.0 37.0 37.1
May 18.0 18.2 36.0 29.2
June 21.0 22.4 35.9 34.6
July 22.8 22.7 33.6 31.2
August 25.0 23.2 35.2 35.6
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