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Macrozoobenthic community structure of İğneada region in Turkey (the southwestern Black Sea)

Güley Kurt-Şahin
Güley Kurt-Şahin
, 
Murat Sezgin
Murat Sezgin
, 
Fikriye Ünlüer
Fikriye Ünlüer
, 
Bilal Öztürk
Bilal Öztürk
, 
Ertan Cavdar
Ertan Cavdar
 and 
Ertan Dağlı
Ertan Dağlı
   | Sep 27, 2017
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Article Category: Original research paper
Published Online: Sep 27, 2017
Page range: 340 - 349
Received: Oct 08, 2016
Accepted: Dec 09, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2017-0035
© 2017 Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Poland. All rights reserved
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Study area with the location of the sampling stations
Study area with the location of the sampling stations

Figure 2

Physicochemical variables of the sampling seasons in the İğneada region
Physicochemical variables of the sampling seasons in the İğneada region

Figure 3

a) Relative dominance of zoobenthos by the number of species, b) Relative dominance of zoobenthos by the number of individuals, c) Relative dominance of zoobenthic species by the number of individuals
a) Relative dominance of zoobenthos by the number of species, b) Relative dominance of zoobenthos by the number of individuals, c) Relative dominance of zoobenthic species by the number of individuals

Figure 4

Diversity and evenness index values at the sampling stations
Diversity and evenness index values at the sampling stations

Figure 5

Dendrogram of the sampling stations (A: Autumn, W: Winter, Sp: Spring, S: Summer)
Dendrogram of the sampling stations (A: Autumn, W: Winter, Sp: Spring, S: Summer)

Coordinates, depth and biotope of the sampling stations

Station ID Lat. (°N) Lon. (°E) Depth (m) Biotope
I-1-1 41°52′10″ 27°59′10″ 5 Fine sand
I-1-2 41°52′05″ 27°59′24″ 10 Sand+Shell fragment
I-1-3 41°52′13″ 28°00′15″ 20 Sand
I-2-1 41°53′25″ 28°00′25″ 5 Fine sand+silt
I-2-2 41°53′04″ 28°00′45″ 10 Fine sand+Shell fragment
I-2-3 41°52′24″ 28°01′13″ 20 Sand
I-3-1 41°52′50″ 28°02′43″ 5 Silt
I-3-2 41°52′39″ 28°02′40″ 10 Sand+Shell fragment
I-3-3 41°52′14″ 28°02′44″ 20 Sand

List of zoobenthos species collected during the study and their maximum densities (ind. m-2) per station

Stations I-1-1 I-1-2 I-1-3 I-2-1 I-2-2 I-2-3 I-3-1 I-3-2 I-3-3
Depth (m) 5 10 20 5 10 20 5 10 20
PLATHELMINTHES
   Turbellaria (spp.) 10/W 10/A
NEMERTEA
   Nemertea (spp.) 1 50/S 100/Sp 10/S 50/Sp 50/S 90/Sp 80/S 40/A
OLIGOCHAETA
   Oligochaeta (spp.) 860/W 170/Sp 21250/Sp
POLYCHAETA
   Harmothoe imbricata (Linnaeus, 1767) 10/S
   Malmgreniella sp. 50/S 10/Sp 10/S 60/Sp
   Pholoe inornata Johnston, 1839 20/Sp 10/S 70/Sp
   Eumida sanguinea (Örsted, 1843) 10/S 10/S, A 10/Sp, S 30/S 10/S 10/A
   Mysta picta (Quatrefages, 1866) 10/S
   Nereiphylla rubiginosa (Saint-Joseph, 1888) 10/W 10/W 10/W
   Phyllodoce maculata (Linnaeus, 1767) 10/A 20/S
   Sigambra tentaculata (Treadwell, 1941) 20/Sp 10/Sp
   Exogone dispar (Webster, 1879) 520/Sp 320/Sp
   Exogone naidina Örsted, 1845 10/S 50/Sp 30/S 10/S 10/A
   

New record for the Black Sea

Odontosyllis gibba Claparède, 1863		 30/Sp
   Salvatoriaclavata (Claparède, 1863) 80/Sp 60/Sp
   Sphaerosyllis hystrix Claparède, 1863 100/Sp 20/A 70/W
   Syllis garciai (Campoy, 1982) 10/Sp
   Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840 20/A
   Platynereis dumerilii (Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1834) 870/S 20/S, A 40/S 40/W 30/A
   Nereiszonata Malmgren, 1867 60/A 10/S 10/S
   Glycera alba (O.F. Müller, 1776) 80/S 170/S 150/S 170/S 10/A
   

New record for the Turkish coast of the Black Sea

Glycera fallax Quatrefages, 1850		 40/A 20/Sp 10/W 10/S, A 20/Sp
   

New record for the Turkish coast of the Black Sea

Glyceraunicornis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818		 80/S 20/W 20/S 100/S 10/A
   Micronephthys stammeri (Augener, 1932) 180/S 390/S 140/W 360/S 950/S 380/Sp 630/Sp 460/S 720/W
   Nephthys hystricis McIntosh, 1900 50/W 10/W 10/A 10/W 40/W
   

New record for the Black Sea

Nephtys incisa Malmgren, 1865		 10/S 10/S
   Eunice vittata (Delle Chiaje, 1828) 10/W
   Protodorvillea kefersteini (McIntosh, 1869) 16/S 940/A 160/Sp 1690/Sp 260/Sp 740/W 850/S
   Nainerislaevigata (Grube, 1855) 10/A
   

New record for the Black Sea

Phylo foetida (Claparède, 1869)		 20/Sp 10/W, A 10/A 70/Sp 20/S 10/S
   

New record for the Turkish coast of the Black Sea

Aonides oxycephala (Sars, 1862)		 10/Sp 10/A 20/Sp
   Aonides paucibranchiata Southern, 1914 100/W 70/Sp
   Polydora sp. 20/Sp 20/Sp 100/Sp
   Prionospio maciolekae Dagli & Çinar, 2011 40/A 270/S 2070/Sp 40/Sp 20/Sp 140/S 110/Sp 30/W 190/W
   Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparède, 1870) 10/Sp
   Scolelepis tridentata (Southern, 1914) 10/W
   Spio decoratus Bobretzky, 1870 440/S 190/W 610/S 610/S 890/S 370/S 1910/S 1140/S 510/S
   

New record for the Black Sea

Spiophanes afer Meißner, 2005		 10/Sp
   Aricidea (Acmira) catherinae Laubier, 1967 20/Sp 250/S 60/S 850/S 10/A 170/W 940/W
   Aricidea (Strelzovia) claudiae Laubier, 1967 40/A 350/Sp 10/Sp 140/Sp 10/A 1650/A
   Aricidea (Aricidea) pseudoarticulata Hobson, 1972 10/Sp 10/Sp 170/W 140/A
   Cirrophorusbranchiatus Ehlers, 1908 20/Sp 40/Sp 50/A 270/W 60/A
Paradoneis lyra (Southern, 1914) 10/A 30/S
   Magelonaminuta Eliason, 1962 10/W 30/A 10/S 10/A 10/Sp 50/S
   

New record for the Turkish coast of the Black Sea

Magelona mirabilis (Johnston, 1865)		 20/Sp 30/S
   Cirriformia tentaculata (Montagu, 1808) 30/S
   Monticellina heterochaeta Laubier, 1961 10/S
   Capitella teleta Blake, Grassle, Eckelbarger, 2009 10/A 20/Sp 140/S 3520/Sp 10/A
   Capitomastus minima (Langerhans, 1881) 140/S 80/S 80/S 140/S 90/S 1810/S 2990/Sp 80/A 260/W
   Heteromastus filiformis (Claparède, 1864) 10/A 1000/S 160/S 210/A 2110/S 210/A 340/A
   Notomastuslatericeus M. Sars, 1851 40/S 10/S
   Leiochone leiopygos (Grube, 1860) 60/S 110/S 30/Sp 30/A
   Euclymene lumbricoides (Quatrefages, 1865) 10/S
   

New record for the Turkish coast of the Black Sea

Petaloproctus terricola Quatrefages, 1865		 10/S
   Ophelia limacina (Rathke, 1843) 60/W 40/Sp 10/A 10/A 470/S
   Polyophthalmuspictus (Dujardin, 1839) 10/Sp
   Lagis koreni Malmgren, 1866 10/S
   Melinna palmata Grube, 1870 10/S 30/S
   Amphitritidesgracilis (Grube, 1860) 30/A 10/S
   Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 10/S
   

New record for the Turkish coast of the Black Sea

Polygordius lacteus Schneider, 1868		 60/W 300/W 40/W 40/Sp 10/Sp
PHORONIDA
   Phoronida (sp.) 1 10/A 10/A
CRUSTACEA
   Amphibalanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854) 130/Sp 10/Sp
   Siriella jaltensis jaltensis Czerniavsky, 1868 10/Sp 10/Sp
   Bodotria arenosa mediterranea (Steuer, 1938) 10/Sp 20/Sp 10/Sp
   

New record for the Turkish coast of the Black Sea

Bodotria scorpioides (Montagu, 1804)		 10/W 10/W
   Bodotria sp. 10/W
   

New record for the Turkish coast of the Black Sea

Cumopsis goodsir (Van Beneden, 1861)		 60/S 130/Sp 40/S 120/Sp 80/Sp 60/S 100/S 40/S
   Iphinoe maeotica Sowinskyi, 1893 10/S 30/S 20/S 10/S
   

New record for the Turkish coast of the Black Sea

Iphinoe serrata Norman, 1867		 10/S 10/A
   Iphinoe tenella G.O. Sars, 1878 20/A
   

New record for Turkey

Iphinoe trispinosa (Goodsir, 1843)		 10/Sp, S
   Pseudocuma longicorne (Bate, 1858) 30/Sp 20/Sp
   Apseudopsis ostroumovi Bacescu and Carausu, 1947 70/A
   Leptochelia savignyi (Kroyer, 1842) 20/A
   Tanais dulongii (Audouin, 1826) 10/S
   

New record for the Turkish coast of the Black Sea

Dynamene bidentata (Adams, 1800)		 10/W
   Eurydicepulchra Leach, 1815 20/W 30/W 60/A 10/Sp 10/Sp
   

New record for Turkey

Eurydice racovitzai Bacescu, 1949		 40/Sp 20/W 10/S
   Idoteabalthica (Pallas, 1772) 20/A 10/Sp
   Ampelisca diadema (A. Costa, 1853) 20/A 10/Sp 60/S 10/A 20/A 10/Sp
   Ampelisca pseudospinimana Bellan-Santini and Kaim-Malka,1977 70/S 20/S 60/S 30/A 160/S 20/A 60/S 40/S 110/S
   Ampelisca sp. 20/W
   Ampithoe ramondi Audouin, 1826 40/S 10/Sp 20/Sp 40/S 70/Sp
   Atylus massiliensis Bellan-Santini, 1975 20/W 20/Sp 60/Sp 10/Sp, S 130/Sp 10/Sp 20/S
   Bathyporeia guilliamsoniana (Bate, 1857) 120/S 40/Sp 40/A 90/S 50/Sp 30/Sp 10/A 60/S 60/S
   Dexamine spinosa (Montagu, 1813) 10/Sp 20/Sp 10/S 20/S
   Ericthoniuspunctatus (Bate, 1857) 20/S
   Gammarus aequicauda (Martyinov, 1931) 30/Sp
   Megaluropus massilensis Ledoyer, 1976 40/S 20/W 30/S 110/S 10/S
   Microdeutopus gryllotalpa A. Costa, 1853 10/Sp 10/Sp
   Microdeutopus versiculatus (Bate, 1856) 10/Sp 20/S
Monocorophium acherusicum (A. Costa, 1853) 50/S 20/S 50/Sp 20/S 10/S
   Perioculodes longimanus (Bate and Westwood, 1868) 50/Sp 140/Sp 20/S 60/Sp 20/Sp 50/Sp 20/Sp, S 10/Sp
   Tritaeta gibbosa (Bate, 1862) 10/Sp
   Brachynotus sexdentatus (Risso, 1827) 10/Sp
   

New record for the Turkish coast of the Black Sea

Callianassa truncata (Giard and Bonnier, 1890)		 10/S 10/A 10/A
   Crangon crangon (Linnaeus, 1758) 20/S
   Diogenes pugilator (Roux, 1829) 10/S 20/A 30/S 20/A 40/Sp, A 20/Sp, A
   Pisidia longimana (Risso, 1816) 10/Sp
   Upogebiapusilla (Petagna, 1792) 10/S 10/Sp 60/A
MOLLUSCA
   Gibbula albida (Gmelin, 1791) 10/S 10/S 130/S 10/S 10/A 10/A
   Gibbula divaricata (Linnaeus, 1758) 80/W 10/A 30/Sp 10/Sp, S
   Tricoliapulluspullus (Linnaeus, 1758) 50/A 750/W 1350/W 110/S 160/S 200/S 3210/Sp 230/S 870/Sp
   Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778) 2310/S 1230/S 10360/Sp 6770/A 52240/S 2860/S 9750/Sp 13760/A 7100/Sp
   Monophorusperversus (Linnaeus, 1758) 210/S 70/W 70/S 60/A 170/Sp
   Epitonium clathrus (Linnaeus, 1758) 40/S
   

New record for the Turkish coast of the Black Sea

Epitonium turtonis (Turton, 1819)		 10/S 30/S 10/S 40/S 40/S 10/Sp, S 20/A
   

New record for the Turkish coast of the Black Sea

Manzonia crassa (Kanmacher, 1798)		 10/Sp
   Rissoa membranacea (Adams, J., 1800) 110/A 30/S 10/W 1420/A 5310/S 250/S 730/A 1820/A 80/A
   Rissoa splendida Eichwald, 1830 60/S 80/A 50/A 470/A 650/S 90/S 8640/Sp 290/A 90/A
   Rissoa ventricosa Desmarest, 1814 20/W
   Rissoa sp. 20/W 150/Sp 40/W
   Pusillinalineolata (Michaud, 1830) 70/S 40/S 330/A 10/A 80/S
   Pusillina radiata (Philippi, 1836) 1400/S
   Pusillina sp. 40/W, S 250/S 170/Sp 30/Sp 50/W 240/Sp
   Setiapulcherrima (Jeffreys, 1848) 10/W
   Caecum trachea (Montagu, 1803) 860/S 960/S 7660/S 3100/S 23930/S 8740/S 560/S 3070/A 1530/S
   Ecrobia ventrosa (Montagu, 1803) 80/S 720/S 120/S 520/S 1250/S 30/A 160/A
   Hydrobia acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) 40/A 20/Sp 100/A 180/Sp 10/Sp
   Calyptraea chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) 20/S 160/A 920/A 230/S 40/A 60/S
   

Alien species

Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846)		 10/Sp 30/A 10/Sp 10/Sp
   Cyclope neritea (Linnaeus, 1758) 40/Sp 30/W 80/S 50/A 750/S 70/S 700/Sp 50/Sp, S 70/A
   Nassarius reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) 20/S 30/S 50/S 110/A 1360/S 180/S 460/Sp 40/A 160/A
   Bela nebula (Montagu, 1803) 20/S 20/S 30/S, A 280/S 20/S, A 140/Sp 180/A
   

New record for the Turkish coast of the Black Sea

Mangelia costata (Pennant, 1777)		 10/S 10/S 10/Sp
   Mangelia pontica Milaschewitsch, 1908 230/S 100/Sp
   Mangelia sp. 10/W 80/Sp 20/S
   Partheninainterstincta (Adams, J., 1797) 10/W 20/Sp 50/A 30/S
   Turbonilla acuta (Donovan, 1804) 70/Sp 40/A
   Turbonilla pusilla (Philippi, 1844) 140/S 130/S 50/S 170/S 240/S 210/S 10/S
   Cylichnina robagliana (Fischer, P, 1869) 40/Sp 70/S
   Cylichnina umbilicata (Montagu, 1803) 10/W 140/Sp 130/A 140/A 150/S 120/A 10/A
   Retusa truncatula (Bruguière, 1792) 110/S 170/S 120/S 3040/S 50/S 80/S 20/A 80/S
   

Alien species

Anadarakagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906)		 10/W 10/Sp
   Mytilaster lineatus (Gmelin, 1791) 10/W, Sp 20/S 10/Sp 20/Sp 10/Sp
   Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 100/Sp 10/Sp 30/S
   Modiolus sp. 20/Sp 10/Sp 10/Sp
   Lucinella divaricata (Linnaeus, 1758) 100/A 590/W 830/S 160/S 9600/S 850/S 780/Sp 600/A 100/S
   Parvicardium exiguum (Gmelin, 1791) 40/Sp 10/S 20/Sp 10/S 10/S
   Spisulasubtruncata (da Costa, 1778) 120/Sp 200/S 270/S 40/S 170/Sp 80/Sp 10/Sp 140/S
   Tellina tenuis Costa, 1778 40/A 40/A 20/S 60/A 50/Sp 30/Sp 30/Sp 20/S
   Donax trunculus Linnaeus, 1758 10/W
   Donaxvenustus Poli, 1795 10/Sp 10/A 40/S 30/Sp 30/Sp 20/Sp
   Chameleagallina (Linnaeus, 1758) 960/A 590/A 400/S 980/Sp 2350/S 500/S 3430/Sp 1630/Sp 200/S
   Gouldia minima (Montagu, 1803) 50/S 10/W 30/Sp 20/Sp
   Pitar rudis (Poli, 1795) 160/S 80/S
   Polititapes aureus (Gmelin, 1791) 20/Sp, A 30/S
   Lentidium mediterraneum (Costa O.G., 1829) 30/Sp 20/Sp 40/W 220/W 50/W 450/Sp 10/A
HEMICHORDATA
   

New record for the Turkish coast of the Black Sea

Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas, 1774)		 20/W 10/Sp, S

Physicochemical variables of the İğneada region

Temp (°C) Salinity (PSU) pH DO (mg l-1)
Nov-2012 Min. 14.81 17.82 8.25 8.24
Max 15.25 18.04 8.31 9.43
Mean 15.05 17.95 8.29 8.47
May-2013 Min. 9.69 15.42 8.39 9.21
Max 18.04 17.95 8.61 10.51
Mean 15.72 16.17 8.53 10.01
July-2013 Min. 22.97 14.92 6.87 7.39
Max 24.72 16.17 6.98 8.66
Mean 23.71 15.76 6.92 8.05
Oct-2013 Min. 18.35 18.24 6.85 7.86
Max 18.65 18.28 6.89 8.2
Mean 18.54 18.26 6.87 7.96
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