<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>The participation of the anorexigenic peptide leptin and the orexigenic peptide ghrelin in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and obesity is well studied. In this review, we are taking a look at the structure, anatomical expression, regulation, receptors and physiological functions of these two neuropeptides. Leptin is produced almost exclusively in adipose tissue. It acts on the brain and is a key element in long-term regulation of energy balance. Leptin suppresses appetite and reduces body weight. Besides its central effects, important aspects of its action on peripheral tissues have been discovered recently: direct regulation of immune cells, pancreatic beta cells, adipocytes and muscle cells. Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the active form of the growth hormone receptor (GHS-R1a) and stimulates food intake and growth hormone secretion. We focus on the role of leptin and ghrelin in central nervous system neural mechanisms that are associated with depression. Studying new aspects of these two neuropeptides aims to expand our knowledge of the pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches to diseases with which they are associated: obesity, depression, type 2 diabetes, essential hypertension, and more.</p></abstract>

The participation of the anorexigenic peptide leptin and the orexigenic peptide ghrelin in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and obesity is well studied. In this review, we are taking a look at the structure, anatomical expression, regulation, receptors and physiological functions of these two neuropeptides. Leptin is produced almost exclusively in adipose tissue. It acts on the brain and is a key element in long-term regulation of energy balance. Leptin suppresses appetite and reduces body weight. Besides its central effects, important aspects of its action on peripheral tissues have been discovered recently: direct regulation of immune cells, pancreatic beta cells, adipocytes and muscle cells. Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the active form of the growth hormone receptor (GHS-R1a) and stimulates food intake and growth hormone secretion. We focus on the role of leptin and ghrelin in central nervous system neural mechanisms that are associated with depression. Studying new aspects of these two neuropeptides aims to expand our knowledge of the pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches to diseases with which they are associated: obesity, depression, type 2 diabetes, essential hypertension, and more.

Leptin And Ghrelin – The New Old Players In Obesity And Depression

Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora

Department of Hygiene, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

{"article-title":"Leptin And Ghrelin \u2013 The New Old Players In Obesity And Depression"}

The participation of the anorexigenic peptide leptin and the orexigenic peptide ghrelin in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and obesity is well studied....

Leptin And Ghrelin – The New Old Players In Obesity And Depression

Published Online: Dec 10, 2015

Page range: 75 - 80

Received: Nov 10, 2014

Accepted: Dec 19, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcr-2015-0129

Keywords
leptin, ghrelin, obesity, depression

© 2014 Rositsa V. Sandeva et al., published by De Gruyter Open

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Leptin And Ghrelin – The New Old Players In Obesity And Depression

Published Online: Dec 10, 2015

Page range: 75 - 80

Received: Nov 10, 2014

Accepted: Dec 19, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcr-2015-0129

Keywordsleptin, ghrelin, obesity, depression

© 2014 Rositsa V. Sandeva et al., published by De Gruyter Open

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
leptin, ghrelin, obesity, depression