<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>Dirofilariosis belongs to zoonotic vector-borne diseases with fastest spread into new areas caused by extreme weather and seasonal changes in climate. In Slovakia, <italic>Dirofilaria</italic> spp. parasites affect more than 30 % of dogs living in endemic regions in southern parts of territory, however, data on wildlife circulation of this parasite are still scarce. In order to clarify the role of red fox <italic>(Vulpes vulpes)</italic> as the most abundant canid species in Europe in maintaining the parasite in natural foci, an initial survey of dirofilariosis in this carnivore species was conducted in Slovakia. The samples of 183 red foxes hunted in 2007 - 2009 in regions of South-Eastern and Northern Slovakia with different geographical and climate characteristics were examined by means of PCR method using specific <italic>D. repens, D. immitis</italic> and <italic>Acantocheilonema recognitum</italic> primers. The DNA was isolated from spleen samples using commercial kit and PCR approach was used for diagnostics. After amplification selected products were purified and sequenced to elucidate any homologies with previously deposited sequences in Gen Bank. The results showed 105 out of 183 examined specimens (57.4 %) being infected, with great regional differences in prevalence. Phylogenetic relationships within <italic>Dirofilaria</italic> species indicate that obtained isolates belong to <italic>D. repens.</italic> The results confirmed the role of red foxes as the reservoir of parasite. Herein, epidemiological factors that may be coherent with the <italic>Dirofilaria</italic> parasites distribution and circulation in wildlife and implications in risk assessment and prevention for domestic animals and human are discussed.</p></abstract>

Dirofilariosis belongs to zoonotic vector-borne diseases with fastest spread into new areas caused by extreme weather and seasonal changes in climate. In Slovakia, Dirofilaria spp. parasites affect more than 30 % of dogs living in endemic regions in southern parts of territory, however, data on wildlife circulation of this parasite are still scarce. In order to clarify the role of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as the most abundant canid species in Europe in maintaining the parasite in natural foci, an initial survey of dirofilariosis in this carnivore species was conducted in Slovakia. The samples of 183 red foxes hunted in 2007 - 2009 in regions of South-Eastern and Northern Slovakia with different geographical and climate characteristics were examined by means of PCR method using specific D. repens, D. immitis and Acantocheilonema recognitum primers. The DNA was isolated from spleen samples using commercial kit and PCR approach was used for diagnostics. After amplification selected products were purified and sequenced to elucidate any homologies with previously deposited sequences in Gen Bank. The results showed 105 out of 183 examined specimens (57.4 %) being infected, with great regional differences in prevalence. Phylogenetic relationships within Dirofilaria species indicate that obtained isolates belong to D. repens. The results confirmed the role of red foxes as the reservoir of parasite. Herein, epidemiological factors that may be coherent with the Dirofilaria parasites distribution and circulation in wildlife and implications in risk assessment and prevention for domestic animals and human are discussed.

Epidemiological coherency of vulpine dirofilariosis in environmental conditions of Slovakia

Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinková 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia

Dpt. of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia

Institute of Biology, Department of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland

Helminthologia

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Dirofilariosis belongs to zoonotic vector-borne diseases with fastest spread into new areas caused by extreme weather and seasonal changes in climate. In...

Epidemiological coherency of vulpine dirofilariosis in environmental conditions of Slovakia

Published Online: Feb 02, 2015

Page range: 11 - 16

Received: May 20, 2014

Accepted: Sep 23, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2015-0003

Keywords
Canidae, red fox, epidemiology

© 2015 Institute of Parasitology, SAS, Košice

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Epidemiological coherency of vulpine dirofilariosis in environmental conditions of Slovakia

Published Online: Feb 02, 2015

Page range: 11 - 16

Received: May 20, 2014

Accepted: Sep 23, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2015-0003

KeywordsCanidae, red fox, epidemiology

© 2015 Institute of Parasitology, SAS, Košice

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
Canidae, red fox, epidemiology