A continuous stable isotope record of last interglacial age from the Bulgarian Cave Orlova Chuka

Bar-Matthews M, Ayalon A, Gilmour M, Matthews A and Hawkesworth C, 2003. Sea-land oxygen isotopic relationships from planktonic foraminifera and speleothems in the Eastern Mediterranean region and their implication for paleorainfall during interglacial intervals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67: 3181–3199, 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01031-1 Bar-Matthews M Ayalon A Gilmour M Matthews A Hawkesworth C 2003 Sea-land oxygen isotopic relationships from planktonic foraminifera and speleothems in the Eastern Mediterranean region and their implication for paleorainfall during interglacial intervals Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67 31813199 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01031-1Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Boch R, Cheng H, Spotl C, Edwards RL, Wang X and Hauselmann P, 2011. NALPS: a precisely dated European climate record 120–60 ka. Climate of the Past 7: 1247–1259, 10.5194/cp-7-1247-2011 Boch R Cheng H Spotl C Edwards RL Wang X Hauselmann P 2011 NALPS: a precisely dated European climate record 120–60 ka Climate of the Past 7 12471259 10.5194/cp-7-1247-2011Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Chappellaz J, Brook E, Blunier T and Malaize B, 1997. CH4 and δ18O of O2 records from Antarctic and Greenland ice: A clue for stratigraphic disturbance in the bottom part of the Greenland Ice Core Project and the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice cores. Journal of Geophysical Research 102: 26547–26557, 10.1029/97JC00164 Chappellaz J Brook E Blunier T Malaize B 1997 CH4 and δ18O of O2 records from Antarctic and Greenland ice: A clue for stratigraphic disturbance in the bottom part of the Greenland Ice Core Project and the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice cores Journal of Geophysical Research 102 2654726557 10.1029/97JC00164Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Cheng H, Edwards RL, Broecker WS, Denton GH, Kong X, Wang Y, Zhang R and Wang X, 2009. Ice age terminations. Science 326: 248–252, 10.1126/science.1177840 Cheng H Edwards RL Broecker WS Denton GH Kong X Wang Y Zhang R Wang X 2009 Ice age terminations Science 326 248252 10.1126/science.117784019815769Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Cheng H, Edwards RL, Shen CC, Polyak VJ, Asmerom Y, Woodhead J, Hellstrom J, Wang Y, Kong X, Spotl C, Wang X and Alexander EC, 2013. Improvements in 230Th dating, 230Th and 234U half-life values, and UeTh isotopic measurements by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 371–372: 82–91, 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.04.006 Cheng H Edwards RL Shen CC Polyak VJ Asmerom Y Woodhead J Hellstrom J Wang Y Kong X Spotl C Wang X Alexander EC 2013 Improvements in 230Th dating, 230Th and 234U half-life values, and UeTh isotopic measurements by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Earth and Planetary Science Letters 371–372 8291 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.04.006Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Cleveland WS, 1979. Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots. Journal of the American Statistical Association 74(368): 829–836, 10.2307/2286407 Cleveland WS 1979 Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots Journal of the American Statistical Association 74368 829836 10.2307/2286407Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Couchoud I, Genty D, Hoffmann DL, Drysdale R and Blamart D, 2009. Millennial scale climate variability during the Last Interglacial recorded in a speleothem from South-western France. Quaternary Science Reviews 28: 3263–3274, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.08.014 Couchoud I Genty D Hoffmann DL Drysdale R Blamart D 2009 Millennial scale climate variability during the Last Interglacial recorded in a speleothem from South-western France Quaternary Science Reviews 28 32633274 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.08.014Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Dansgaard W, 1964. Stable isotopes in precipitation. Tellus 16: 438– 468, 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1964.tb00181.x Dansgaard W 1964 Stable isotopes in precipitation Tellus 16 438– 468 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1964.tb00181.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Darling WG, 2004. Hydrological factors in the interpretation of stable isotopic proxy data present and past: a European Perspective. Quaternary Science Reviews 23: 743–770, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.06.016 Darling WG 2004 Hydrological factors in the interpretation of stable isotopic proxy data present and past: a European Perspective Quaternary Science Reviews 23 743770 10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.06.016Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Davis BAS and Brewer S, 2008. Orbital forcing and role of the latitudinal insolation/temperature gradient. Climate Dynamics 32: 143– 165, 10.1007/s00382-008-0480-9 Davis BAS Brewer S 2008 Orbital forcing and role of the latitudinal insolation/temperature gradient Climate Dynamics 32 143– 165 10.1007/s00382-008-0480-9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Demeny A, Kern Z, Czuppon G, Nemeth A, Leel-Ossy S, Siklosy Z, Lin K, Hsun-Ming Hu, Chuan-Chou Shen, Vennemann TW and Haszpra L, 2017. Stable isotope compositions of speleothems from the last interglaciale Spatial patterns of climate fluctuations in Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews 161: 68–80, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.02.012 Demeny A Kern Z Czuppon G Nemeth A Leel-Ossy S Siklosy Z Lin K Hsun-Ming Hu Chuan-Chou Shen Vennemann TW Haszpra L 2017 Stable isotope compositions of speleothems from the last interglaciale Spatial patterns of climate fluctuations in Europe Quaternary Science Reviews 161 6880 10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.02.012Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Dorale JA, Edwards RL, Ito E and Gonzalez LA, 1998. Climate and vegetation history of the midcontinent from 75 to 25 ka: a speleothem record from Crevice Cave, Missouri, USA. Science 282: 1871–1874, 10.1126/science.282.5395.1871 Dorale JA Edwards RL Ito E Gonzalez LA 1998 Climate and vegetation history of the midcontinent from 75 to 25 ka: a speleothem record from Crevice Cave, Missouri, USA Science 282 18711874 10.1126/science.282.5395.1871Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Dorale JA and Liu Z, 2009. Limitations of Hendy Test criteria in judging the paleoclimatic suitability of speleothems and the need for replication. Journal of cave and karst studies 71(1): 73–80, 10.1.1.551.9215 Dorale JA Liu Z 2009 Limitations of Hendy Test criteria in judging the paleoclimatic suitability of speleothems and the need for replication Journal of cave and karst studies 711 7380 10.1.1.551.9215Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Dragusin V, Balan S, Blamart D, Forray FL, Marin C, Mirea IC, Viorica N, Persoiu A, Tirla ML, Tudorache A and Vlaicu M, 2017. Transfer of environmental signals from surface to the underground at Ascunsa Cave, Romania. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21: 5357-5373, 10.5194/hess-2016-625 Dragusin V Balan S Blamart D Forray FL Marin C Mirea IC Viorica N Persoiu A Tirla ML Tudorache A Vlaicu M 2017 Transfer of environmental signals from surface to the underground at Ascunsa Cave, Romania Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21 53575373 10.5194/hess-2016-625Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Drysdale RN, Hellstrom JC, Zanchetta G, Fallick AE, Sanchez-Goni MF, Couchoud I, McDonald J, Maas R, Lohmann G and Isola I, 2009. Evidence for obliquity forcing of glacial termination II. Science 325: 1527–1531, 10.1126/science.1170371 Drysdale RN Hellstrom JC Zanchetta G Fallick AE Sanchez-Goni MF Couchoud I McDonald J Maas R Lohmann G Isola I 2009 Evidence for obliquity forcing of glacial termination II Science 325 15271531 10.1126/science.1170371Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Drysdale RN, Zanchetta G, Hellstrom JC, Fallick AE, McDonald J and Cartwright I, 2007. Stalagmite evidence for the precise timing of North Atlantic cold events during the early last glacial. Geology 35: 77–80, 10.1130/G23161A.1 Drysdale RN Zanchetta G Hellstrom JC Fallick AE McDonald J Cartwright I 2007 Stalagmite evidence for the precise timing of North Atlantic cold events during the early last glacial Geology 35 7780 10.1130/G23161A.1Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Drysdale RN, Zanchetta G, Hellstrom JC, Fallick AE and Zhao J, 2005. Stalagmite evidence for the onset of the Last Interglacial in southern Europe at 129 ± 1 ka. Geophysical Research Letters 32: L24708, 10.1029/2005GL024658 Drysdale RN Zanchetta G Hellstrom JC Fallick AE Zhao J 2005 Stalagmite evidence for the onset of the Last Interglacial in southern Europe at 129 ± 1 ka Geophysical Research Letters 32 L24708 10.1029/2005GL024658Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Dutton A and Lambeck K, 2012. Ice volume and sea level during the last interglacial. Science 337: 216 – 219, 10.1126/science.1205749 Dutton A Lambeck K 2012 Ice volume and sea level during the last interglacial Science 337 216 – 219 10.1126/science.1205749Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Eggins MS, Woodhead DJ, Kinsley JPL, Mortimer EG, Sylvester P, McCulloch TM, Hergt JM and Handler RM, 1997. A simple method for the precise determination of ≥ 40 trace elements in geological samples by ICPMS using enriched isotope internal standardization. Chemical Geology 134(4): 311–326, 10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00100-3 Eggins MS Woodhead DJ Kinsley JPL Mortimer EG Sylvester P McCulloch TM Hergt JM Handler RM 1997 A simple method for the precise determination of ≥ 40 trace elements in geological samples by ICPMS using enriched isotope internal standardization Chemical Geology 1344 311326 10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00100-3Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Evlogiev J, 2000. The Quaternary in Northeast Bulgaria. Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 61: 1–3: 3–25. (In Bulgarian, Abstract in English). Evlogiev J 2000 The Quaternary in Northeast Bulgaria Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 61 1–3 3–25 (In Bulgarian, Abstract in English)Search in Google Scholar

Evlogiev JP, Karachorov M and Todorov DH, 1997. Study of the genesis of fractures in the Orlova Chuka cave, Rousse region. Geology and Hydrogeology 24: 33–39 (In Bulgarian, Abstract in English) Evlogiev JP Karachorov M Todorov DH 1997 Study of the genesis of fractures in the Orlova Chuka cave, Rousse region Geology and Hydrogeology 24 3339 (In Bulgarian, Abstract in English)Search in Google Scholar

Fairchild IJ and Baker A, 2012. Speleothem Science: From Process to Past Environments Wiley-Blackwell 432 ISBN:9781405196208 Fairchild IJ Baker A 2012 Speleothem Science: From Process to Past Environments Wiley-Blackwell 432 ISBN:978140519620810.1002/9781444361094Search in Google Scholar

Frisia S, 2015. Microstratigraphic logging of calcite fabrics in speleothems as tool for palaeoclimate studies. International Journal of Speleology 44: 1–16, 10.5038/1827-806X.44.1.1 Frisia S 2015 Microstratigraphic logging of calcite fabrics in speleothems as tool for palaeoclimate studies International Journal of Speleology 44 116 10.5038/1827-806X.44.1.1Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Frisia S, Borsato A, Preto N and McDermott F, 2003. Late Holocene annual growth in three Alpine stalagmites records the influence of solar activity and the North Atlantic Oscillation on winter climate. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 216(3): 411–424, 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00515-6 Frisia S Borsato A Preto N McDermott F 2003 Late Holocene annual growth in three Alpine stalagmites records the influence of solar activity and the North Atlantic Oscillation on winter climate Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2163 411424 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00515-6Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Gascoyne M, 1992. Palaeoclimate determination from cave calcite deposits. Quaternary Science Reviews 11: 609–632, 10.1016/0277-3791(92)90074-I Gascoyne M 1992 Palaeoclimate determination from cave calcite deposits Quaternary Science Reviews 11 609632 10.1016/0277-3791(92)90074-IOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Geilert S, Vroon PZ, Roerdink DL, van Cappellen P and van Bergen, MJ, 2014. Silicon isotope fractionation during abiotic silica precipitation at low temperatures: Inferences from flow-through experiments, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 142: 95–114, 10.1016/j.gca.2014.07.003 Geilert S Vroon PZ Roerdink DL van Cappellen P van Bergen MJ 2014 Silicon isotope fractionation during abiotic silica precipitation at low temperatures: Inferences from flow-through experiments Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 142 95114 10.1016/j.gca.2014.07.003Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Genty D, Verheyden S and Wainer K, 2013. Speleothem records over the last interglacial. PAGES News 21: 24–25, 10.22498/pages.21.1.24 Genty D Verheyden S Wainer K 2013 Speleothem records over the last interglacial PAGES News 21 2425 10.22498/pages.21.1.24Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Govin A, Capron E, Tzedakis PC, Verheyden S, Ghaleb B, Hillaire-Marcel C, St-Onge G, StonerJS, Bassinot F, Bazin L, Blunier T, Combourieu-Nebout N, Ouahabi AE, Genty D, Gersonde R, Jimenez-Amat P, Landais A, Martrat B, Masson-Delmotte V, Parrenin F, Seidenkrantz MS, Veres D, Waelbroeck C and Zahn R, 2015. Sequence of events from the onset to the demise of the Last Interglacial: Evaluating strengths and limitations of chronologies used in climatic archives. Quaternary Science Reviews 129: 1–36, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.09.018 Govin A Capron E Tzedakis PC Verheyden S Ghaleb B Hillaire-Marcel C St-Onge G Stoner JS Bassinot F Bazin L Blunier T Combourieu-Nebout N Ouahabi AE Genty D Gersonde R Jimenez-Amat P Landais A Martrat B Masson-Delmotte V Parrenin F Seidenkrantz MS Veres D Waelbroeck C Zahn R 2015 Sequence of events from the onset to the demise of the Last Interglacial: Evaluating strengths and limitations of chronologies used in climatic archives Quaternary Science Reviews 129 136 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.09.018Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hellstrom J, 2006. U–Th dating of speleothems with high initial 230Th using stratigraphical constraint. Quaternary Geochronology 1(4): 289–295, 10.1016/j.quageo.2007.01.004 Hellstrom J 2006 U–Th dating of speleothems with high initial 230Th using stratigraphical constraint Quaternary Geochronology 14 289295 10.1016/j.quageo.2007.01.004Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hendy CH, 1971. The isotopic geochemistry of speleothems - I. The calculation of the effects of different modes of formation on the isotopic composition of speleothems and their applicability as palaeoclimatic indicators. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 35(8): 801–824, 10.1016/0016-7037(71)90127-X Hendy CH 1971 The isotopic geochemistry of speleothems - I. The calculation of the effects of different modes of formation on the isotopic composition of speleothems and their applicability as palaeoclimatic indicators Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 358 801824 10.1016/0016-7037(71)90127-XOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hendy CH and Wilson TA, 1968. Palaeoclimatic Data from Speleothems. Nature 219: 48–51, 10.1038/219048a0 Hendy CH Wilson TA 1968 Palaeoclimatic Data from Speleothems Nature 219 4851 10.1038/219048a0Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hercman H and Pawlak J, 2012. MOD-AGE: An age-depth model construction algorithm. Quaternary Geochronology 12: 1–10, 10.1016/j.quageo.2012.05.003 Hercman H Pawlak J 2012 MOD-AGE: An age-depth model construction algorithm Quaternary Geochronology 12 110 10.1016/j.quageo.2012.05.003Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Holden EN, 1990. Total half-lives for selected nuclides. Pure and Applied Chemistry 62(5): 941–958, 10.1351/pac199062050941 Holden EN 1990 Total half-lives for selected nuclides Pure and Applied Chemistry 625 941958 10.1351/pac199062050941Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Holzkamper S, Mangini A, Spotl C and Mudelsee M, 2004. Timing and progression of the last Interglacial derived from a high Alpine stalagmite. Geophysical Research Letters 31: L07201, 10.1029/2003GL019112 Holzkamper S Mangini A Spotl C Mudelsee M 2004 Timing and progression of the last Interglacial derived from a high Alpine stalagmite Geophysical Research Letters 31 L07201 10.1029/2003GL019112Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Jaffey AH, Flynn KF, Glendenin LE, Bentley WC and Essling AM, 1971. Precision measurements of half-lives and specific activities of 235U and 238U. Physical Reviews C4: 1889–1906, 10.1103/PhysRevC.4.1889 Jaffey AH Flynn KF Glendenin LE Bentley WC Essling AM 1971 Precision measurements of half-lives and specific activities of 235U and 238U Physical Reviews C4 18891906 10.1103/PhysRevC.4.1889Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kandiano ES, Bauch HA and Fahl K, 2014. Last interglacial surface water structure in the western Mediterranean (Balearic) Sea: climatic variability and link between low and high latitudes Global and Planetary Change 123: 67–76, 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.10.004 Kandiano ES Bauch HA Fahl K 2014 Last interglacial surface water structure in the western Mediterranean (Balearic) Sea: climatic variability and link between low and high latitudes Global and Planetary Change 123 6776 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.10.004Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Lachniet MS, 2006. Climatic and environmental controls on speleothem oxygen-isotope values. Quaternary Science Reviews 28: 412–432, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.10.021 Lachniet MS 2006 Climatic and environmental controls on speleothem oxygen-isotope values Quaternary Science Reviews 28 412432 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.10.021Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Landais A, Dreyfus G, Capron E, Jouzel J, Masson-Delmotte V, Roche DM, Prie, F, Caillon N, Chappellaz J, Leuenberger M, Lourantou A, Parrenin F, Raynaud D and Teste G, 2013. Two-phase change in CO2, Antarctic temperature and global climate during Termination II. Nature Geoscience 6: 1062–1065, 10.1038/ngeo1985 Landais A Dreyfus G Capron E Jouzel J Masson-Delmotte V Roche DM Prie F Caillon N Chappellaz J Leuenberger M Lourantou A Parrenin F Raynaud D Teste G 2013 Two-phase change in CO2, Antarctic temperature and global climate during Termination II Nature Geoscience 6 10621065 10.1038/ngeo1985Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Lauritzen SE and Onac BP, 1999. Isotopic stratigraphy of a last interglacial stalagmite from the Northwestern Romania: Correlation with the Deep-sea record and Northern-Latitude speleothem. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 61(1): 22–30. Lauritzen SE Onac BP 1999 Isotopic stratigraphy of a last interglacial stalagmite from the Northwestern Romania: Correlation with the Deep-sea record and Northern-Latitude speleothem Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 611 2230Search in Google Scholar

Linge, H, Lauritzen SE and Lundberg J, 2001. Stable isotope stratigraphy of a late last interglacial speleothem from Rana, northern Norway. Quaternary Research 56: 155–164, 10.1006/qres.2001.2254 Linge H, Lauritzen SE Lundberg J 2001 Stable isotope stratigraphy of a late last interglacial speleothem from Rana, northern Norway Quaternary Research 56 155164 10.1006/qres.2001.2254Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Malcheva K, Gocheva A and Chervenkov H, 2015. Winter Circulation Conditions over the Bulgaria. 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2015 Book4: 1129–1136, 10.5593/SGEM2015/B41/S19.145 Malcheva K Gocheva A Chervenkov H 2015 Winter Circulation Conditions over the Bulgaria 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2015 Book 4 11291136 10.5593/SGEM2015/B41/S19.145Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Mangini A, Spotl C and Verdes P, 2005. Reconstruction of temperature in the Central Alps during the past 2000 yr from a δ¹⁸O stalagmite record. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 235: 741–751, 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.05.010 Mangini A Spotl C Verdes P 2005 Reconstruction of temperature in the Central Alps during the past 2000 yr from a δ¹⁸O stalagmite record Earth and Planetary Science Letters 235 741751 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.05.010Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Martinson DG, Pisias NG, Hays JD, Imbrie J, Moore Jr, TC and Shackleton NJ, 1987. Age dating and the orbital theory of the ice ages: development of a high-resolution 0 to 300,000-year chronostratigraphy. Quaternary Research 27: 1–29, 10.1016/0033-5894(87)90046-9 Martinson DG Pisias NG Hays JD Imbrie J Moore Jr TC Shackleton NJ 1987 Age dating and the orbital theory of the ice ages: development of a high-resolution 0 to 300,000-year chronostratigraphy Quaternary Research 27 129 10.1016/0033-5894(87)90046-9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Masson-Delmotte V, Schulz M, Abe-Ouchi A, Beer J, Ganopolski A, Gonzalez Rouco JF, Jansen E, Lambeck K, Luterbacher J, Naish T, Osborn T, Otto-Bliesner B, Quinn T, Ramesh R, Rojas M, Shao X, Timmermann A, 2013. Information from paleoclimate archives. In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner GK, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V, Midgley PM, Eds, Climate Change 2013: the Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: 383–464 (Chapter 5). Masson-Delmotte V Schulz M Abe-Ouchi A Beer J Ganopolski A Gonzalez Rouco JF Jansen E Lambeck K Luterbacher J Naish T Osborn T Otto-Bliesner B Quinn T Ramesh R Rojas M Shao X Timmermann A 2013 Information from paleoclimate archives In Stocker TF Qin D Plattner GK Tignor M Allen SK Boschung J Nauels A Xia Y Bex V Midgley PM Climate Change 2013: the Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge University Press Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA 383–464 (Chapter 5)10.1017/CBO9781107415324.013Search in Google Scholar

Masson-Delmotte V, Stenni B, Pol K, Braconnot P, Cattani O, Falourd S, Kageyama M, Jouzel J, Landais A, Minster B, Barnola JM, Chappellaz J, Krinner G, Johnsen S, Rothlisberger R, Hansen J, Mikolajewicz U, Otto-Bliesner B, 2010. EPICA Dome C record of glacial and interglacial intensities. Quaternary Science Reviews 29: 113–128, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.09.030 Masson-Delmotte V Stenni B Pol K Braconnot P Cattani O Falourd S Kageyama M Jouzel J Landais A Minster B Barnola JM Chappellaz J Krinner G Johnsen S Rothlisberger R Hansen J Mikolajewicz U Otto-Bliesner B 2010 EPICA Dome C record of glacial and interglacial intensities Quaternary Science Reviews 29 113128 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.09.030Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Meyer MC, Spotl C, Mangini A, 2008. The demise of the Last Interglacial recorded in isotopically dated speleothems from the Alps. Quaternary Science Reviews 27: 476–496, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.11.005 Meyer MC Spotl C Mangini A 2008 The demise of the Last Interglacial recorded in isotopically dated speleothems from the Alps Quaternary Science Reviews 27 476496 10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.11.005Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Milner AM, MüllerUC., Roucoux KH, Collier RE, Pross J, Kalaitzidis S, Christanis K and Tzedakis PC, 2013. Environmental variability during the Last Interglacial: a new high-resolutin pollen record from Tenaghi Philippon, Greece. Journal of Quaternary Science 28: 113–117. 10.1002/jqs.2617 Milner AM Müller UC Roucoux KH Collier RE Pross J Kalaitzidis S Christanis K Tzedakis PC 2013 Environmental variability during the Last Interglacial: a new high-resolutin pollen record from Tenaghi Philippon, Greece Journal of Quaternary Science 28 113117 10.1002/jqs.2617Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Moseley GE, Spotl C, Cheng H, Boch R, Min A and Edwards RL, 2015. Termination-II interstadial/stadial climate change recorded in two stalagmites from the north European Alps. Quaternary Science Reviews 127: 229–239, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.07.012 Moseley GE Spotl C Cheng H Boch R Min A Edwards RL 2015 Termination-II interstadial/stadial climate change recorded in two stalagmites from the north European Alps Quaternary Science Reviews 127 229239 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.07.012Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Munoz-García MB, Martín-Chivelet J, Rossi C, Ford DC and Schwarcz HP, 2007. Chronology of Termination II and the Last Interglacial Period in North Spain based on stable isotope records of stalagmites from Cueva del Cobre (Palencia). Journal of Iberian Geology 33: 17–30. Munoz-García MB Martín-Chivelet J Rossi C Ford DC Schwarcz HP 2007 Chronology of Termination II and the Last Interglacial Period in North Spain based on stable isotope records of stalagmites from Cueva del Cobre (Palencia) Journal of Iberian Geology 33 1730Search in Google Scholar

Müller UC and Kukla GJ, 2004. North Atlantic Current and European environments during the declining stage of the last interglacial. Geology 32: 1009–1012, 10.1130/G20901.1 Müller UC Kukla GJ 2004 North Atlantic Current and European environments during the declining stage of the last interglacial Geology 32 10091012 10.1130/G20901.1Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Nehme C, Verheyden S, Noble SR, Farrant AR, Sahy D, Hellstrom J, Delannoy JJ, Claeys P, 2015. Reconstruction of MIS 5 climate in the central Levant using a stalagmite from Kanaan Cave. Lebanon. Climate of the Past 11: 1785–1799, 10.5194/cp-11-1785-2015 Nehme C Verheyden S Noble SR Farrant AR Sahy D Hellstrom J Delannoy JJ Claeys P 2015 Reconstruction of MIS 5 climate in the central Levant using a stalagmite from Kanaan Cave. Lebanon Climate of the Past 11 17851799 10.5194/cp-11-1785-2015Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Nojarov P, 2018. Factors affecting air temperature in Bulgaria. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 1–16, 10.1007/s00704-018-2622-2 Nojarov P 2018 Factors affecting air temperature in Bulgaria Theoretical and Applied Climatology 1–16 10.1007/s00704-018-2622-2Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Oppo DW, McManus JF and Cullen J, 2006. Evolution and demise of the Last Interglacial warmth in the subpolar North Atlantic. Quaternary Science Reviews 25: 3268–3277, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.07.006 Oppo DW McManus JF Cullen J 2006 Evolution and demise of the Last Interglacial warmth in the subpolar North Atlantic Quaternary Science Reviews 25 32683277 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.07.006Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Otvos EG, 2015. The Last Interglacial Stage: Definitions and marine highstand, North America and Eurasia. Quaternary International 383: 158–173, 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.05.010 Otvos EG 2015 The Last Interglacial Stage: Definitions and marine highstand, North America and Eurasia Quaternary International 383 158173 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.05.010Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Pedersen RA, Langen PL and Vinther BM, 2017. The last interglacial climate: comparing direct and indirect impacts of insolation changes Climate dynamic 48: 3391–3407, 10.1007/s00382-016-3274-5 Pedersen RA Langen PL Vinther BM 2017 The last interglacial climate: comparing direct and indirect impacts of insolation changes Climate dynamic 48 33913407 10.1007/s00382-016-3274-5Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Regattieri E, Zanchetta G, Drysdale RN, Isola I, Hellstrom JC and Roncioni A, 2014. A continuous stable isotope record from the penultimate glacial maximum to the Last Interglacial (159–121 ka) from Tana Che Urla Cave (Apuan Alps, central Italy). Quaternary Research 82: 450–461, 10.1016/j.yqres.2014.05.005 Regattieri E Zanchetta G Drysdale RN Isola I Hellstrom JC Roncioni A 2014 A continuous stable isotope record from the penultimate glacial maximum to the Last Interglacial (159–121 ka) from Tana Che Urla Cave (Apuan Alps, central Italy) Quaternary Research 82 450461 10.1016/j.yqres.2014.05.005Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Różański K, Araguas-Araguas L and Gonfiantini R, 1993. Isotopic Patterns in Modern Global Precipitation. Climate Change in Continental Isotopic Records 78: 1–36, 10.1029/GM078 Różański K Araguas-Araguas L Gonfiantini R 1993 Isotopic Patterns in Modern Global Precipitation Climate Change in Continental Isotopic Records 78 136 10.1029/GM078Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Shumilovskikh L, Arz H, Wegwerth A, Fleitmann D, Marret F, Nowaczyk N, Tarasov P and Behling H, 2013. Vegetation and environmental changes in Northern Anatolia between 134 and 119 ka recorded in Black Sea Sediments. Quaternary Research 80(3): 349–360, 10.1016/j.yqres.2013.07.005 Shumilovskikh L Arz H Wegwerth A Fleitmann D Marret F Nowaczyk N Tarasov P Behling H 2013 Vegetation and environmental changes in Northern Anatolia between 134 and 119 ka recorded in Black Sea Sediments Quaternary Research 803 349360 10.1016/j.yqres.2013.07.005Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Shackleton NJ, 1969. The Last Interglacial in the marine and terrestrial records Proceedings of the Royal Society B 174: 135–154, 10.1098/rspb.1969.0085 Shackleton NJ 1969 The Last Interglacial in the marine and terrestrial records Proceedings of the Royal Society B 174 135154 10.1098/rspb.1969.0085Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Sirocko F, Seelos K, Schaber K, Rein B, Dreher F, Diehl M, Lehne R, Jager K, Krbetschek M and Degering D, 2005. A Late Eemian Aridity Pulse in central Europe during the last glacial inception. Nature 436: 833–836, 10.1038/nature03905 Sirocko F Seelos K Schaber K Rein B Dreher F Diehl M Lehne R Jager K Krbetschek M Degering D 2005 A Late Eemian Aridity Pulse in central Europe during the last glacial inception Nature 436 833836 10.1038/nature03905Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Stone EJ, Capron E, Lunt DJ, Payne AJ, Singarayer JS, Valdes PJ and Wolff EW, 2016. Impact of meltwater on high-latitude early Last Interglacial climate. Climate of the Past 12: 1919–1932, 10.5194/cp-12-1919-2016 Stone EJ Capron E Lunt DJ Payne AJ Singarayer JS Valdes PJ Wolff EW 2016 Impact of meltwater on high-latitude early Last Interglacial climate Climate of the Past 12 19191932 10.5194/cp-12-1919-2016Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Treble P, Shelley JMG and Chappell J, 2003. Comparison of high resolution sub-annual records of trace elements in a modern (1911–1992) speleothem with instrumental climate data from southwest Australia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 216: 141-153, 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00504-1 Treble P Shelley JMG Chappell J 2003 Comparison of high resolution sub-annual records of trace elements in a modern (1911–1992) speleothem with instrumental climate data from southwest Australia Earth and Planetary Science Letters 216 141153 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00504-1Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Turgeon S and Lundberg J, 2001. Chronology of discontinuities and petrology of speleothems as paleoclimatic indicators of the Klamath Moutains, Southwest Oregon, USA Carbonates and Evaporites 16(2): 153–167, 10.1007/BF03175833 Turgeon S Lundberg J 2001 Chronology of discontinuities and petrology of speleothems as paleoclimatic indicators of the Klamath Moutains, Southwest Oregon, USA Carbonates and Evaporites 162 153167 10.1007/BF03175833Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Tzedakis PC, 1994. Vegetation change through glacial—interglacial cycles: a long pollen sequence perspective. Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society Biological Sciences 345(1314), DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1994.0118 Tzedakis PC 1994 Vegetation change through glacial—interglacial cycles: a long pollen sequence perspective Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society Biological Sciences 3451314 10.1098/rstb.1994.0118Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Vansteenberge S, Verheyden S, Cheng H, Edwards RL, Keppens E and Claeys P, 2016. Paleoclimate in continental northwestern Europe during the Eemian and early Weichselian (125–97ka): insights from a Belgian speleothem. Climate of the Past 12: 1445–1458, 10.5194/cp-12-1445-2016 Vansteenberge S Verheyden S Cheng H Edwards RL Keppens E Claeys P 2016 Paleoclimate in continental northwestern Europe during the Eemian and early Weichselian (125–97ka): insights from a Belgian speleothem Climate of the Past 12 14451458 10.5194/cp-12-1445-2016Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Williams PW, Marshall A, Ford DC and Jenkinson AV, 1999. Palaeoclimatic interpretation of stable isotope data from Holocene speleothems of the Waitomo district, North Island, New Zealand. The Holocene 9: 649–657, 10.1191/095968399673119429 Williams PW Marshall A Ford DC Jenkinson AV 1999 Palaeoclimatic interpretation of stable isotope data from Holocene speleothems of the Waitomo district, North Island, New Zealand The Holocene 9 649657 10.1191/095968399673119429Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Zumbühl A, 2010. History of the Black Sea recorded in stalagmites from Northern Turkey. Master’s Thesis Faculty of Science University of Bern, 1–115. Zumbühl A 2010 History of the Black Sea recorded in stalagmites from Northern Turkey Master’s Thesis Faculty of Science University of Bern 1–115Search in Google Scholar