[Abdel-Hakim SM, Ibrahim MY, Ibrahim HM, Ibrahim MM. The effect of ghrelin antagonist (D-Lys3) GHRP-6 on ovariectomy-induced obesity in adult female albino rats. Endocr Regul 48, 126-134, 2014.10.4149/endo_2014_03_12625110211]Search in Google Scholar
[Adachi S, Takiguchi S, Okada K, Yamamoto K, Yamasaki M, Miyata H, Nakajima K, Fujiwara Y, Hosoda H, Kangawa K, Mori M, Doki Y. Eff ects of ghrelin administration aft er total gastrectomy: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II study. Gastroenterology 138, 1312-1320, 2010.10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.05820060830]Search in Google Scholar
[Ahima RS, Lazar MA. Adipokines and the peripheral and neural control of energy balance. Mol Endocrinol 22, 1023-1031, 2008.10.1210/me.2007-0529236618818202144]Search in Google Scholar
[Aja S, Sahandy S, Ladenheim EE, Schwartz GJ, Moran TH. Intracerebroventricular CART peptide reduces food intake and alters motor behavior at a hindbrain site. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 281, R1862-R1867, 2001.10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.6.R186211705771]Search in Google Scholar
[Alen F, Ramirez-Lopez MT, Gomez de Heras R, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Orio L. Cannabinoid receptors and cholecystokinin in feeding inhibition. Vitam Horm 92, 165-196, 2013.10.1016/B978-0-12-410473-0.00007-623601425]Search in Google Scholar
[Alvarez-Castro P, Pena L, Cordido F. Ghrelin in obesity, physiological and pharmacological considerations. Mini Rev Med Chem 13, 541-552, 2013.10.2174/138955751131304000722931534]Search in Google Scholar
[Arnold M, Mura A, Langhans W, Geary N. Gut vagal aff erents are not necessary for the eating-stimulatory effect of intraperitoneally injected ghrelin in the rat. J Neurosci 26, 11052-11060, 2006.10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2606-06.2006667467017065447]Search in Google Scholar
[Baggio LL, Huang Q, Brown TJ, Drucker DJ. Oxyntomodulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 diff erentially regulate murine food intake and energy expenditure. Gastroenterology 127, 546-558, 2004.10.1053/j.gastro.2004.04.06315300587]Search in Google Scholar
[Baggio LL, Drucker DJ. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors in the brain: controlling food intake and body weight. J Clin Invest 124, 4223-4226, 2014.10.1172/JCI78371419104025202976]Search in Google Scholar
[Bagnol D, Lu XY, Kaelin CB, Day HE, Ollmann M, Gantz I, Akil H, Barsh GS, Watson SJ. Anatomy of an endogenous antagonist: relationship between Agouti-related protein and proopiomelanocortin in brain. J Neurosci, 19, RC26, 1999.10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-18-j0004.1999]Search in Google Scholar
[Banerjee RR, Rangwala SM, Shapiro JS, Rich AS, Rhoades B, Qi Y, Wang J, Rajala MW, Pocai A, Scherer PE, Steppan CM, Ahima RS, Obici S, Rossetti L, Lazar MA. Regulation of fasted blood glucose by resistin. Science 303, 1195-1198, 2004.10.1126/science.1092341]Search in Google Scholar
[Batterham RL, Le Roux CW, Cohen MA, Park AJ, Ellis SM, Patterson M, Frost GS, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Pancreatic polypeptide reduces appetite and food intake in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88, 3989-3992, 2003.10.1210/jc.2003-030630]Search in Google Scholar
[Benelam B. Satiation, satiety and their eff ects on eating behaviour. Nutr Bull 34, 126-173, 2009.10.1111/j.1467-3010.2009.01753.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Bennetzen MF, Wellner N, Ahmed SS, Ahmed SM, Diep TA, Hansen HS, Richelsen B, Pedersen SB. Investigations of the human endocannabinoid system in two subcutaneous adipose tissue depots in lean subjects and in obese subjects before and aft er weight loss. Inter J Obes 35, 1377-1384, 2011.10.1038/ijo.2011.8]Search in Google Scholar
[Bermudez-Silva FJ, Viveros MP, McPartland JM, Rodriguez de Fonseca F. The endocannabinoid system, eating behavior and energy homeostasis: the end or a new beginning? Pharmacol Biochem Behav 95, 375-382, 2010.10.1016/j.pbb.2010.03.012]Search in Google Scholar
[Bermudez-Silva FJ, Cardinal P, Cota D. Th e role of the endocannabinoid system in the neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance. J Psychopharmacol 26, 114-124, 2012.10.1177/0269881111408458]Search in Google Scholar
[Bernardis LL, Bellinger LL. Th e dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus revisited: 1986 update. Brain Res 434, 321-381, 1987.10.1016/0165-0173(87)90004-X]Search in Google Scholar
[Blevins JE, Baskin DG. Translational and therapeutic potential of oxytocin as an anti-obesity strategy: insights from rodents, nonhuman primates and humans. Physiol Behav 152, 438-449, 2015.10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.05.023623544026013577]Search in Google Scholar
[Blevins JE, Graham JL, Morton GJ, Bales KL, Schwartz MW, Baskin DG, Havel PJ. Chronic oxytocin administration inhibits food intake, increases energy expenditure, and produces weight loss in fructose-fed obese rhesus monkeys. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 308, R431-R438, 2015.10.1152/ajpregu.00441.2014434675625540103]Search in Google Scholar
[Boey D, Lin S, Enriquez RF, Lee NJ, Slack K, Couzens M, Baldock PA, Herzog H, Sainsbury A. PYY transgenic mice are protected against diet-induced and genetic obesity. Neuropeptides 42, 19-30, 2008.10.1016/j.npep.2007.11.00318164057]Search in Google Scholar
[Boguszewski CL, Paz-Filho G, Velloso LA. Neuroendocrine body weight regulation: integration between fat tissue, gastrointestinal tract, and the brain. Endokrynol Pol 61, 194-206, 2010.]Search in Google Scholar
[Bray GA, York DA. Studies on food intake of genetically obese rats. Am J Physiol 223, 176-179, 1972.10.1152/ajplegacy.1972.223.1.176]Search in Google Scholar
[Bray GA, Smith SR, DeJonge L, de Souza R, Rood J, Champagne CM, Laranjo N, Carey V, Obarzanek E, Loria CM, Anton SD, Ryan DH, Greenway FL, Williamson D, Sacks FM. Eff ect of diet composition on energy expenditure during weight loss: the POUNDS LOST Study. Int J Obes (Lond) 36, 448-455, 2012.10.1038/ijo.2011.173]Search in Google Scholar
[Broberger C, De Lecea L, Sutcliffe JG, Hokfelt T. Hypocretin/Orexin- and melanin-concentrating hormone-expressing cells form distinct populations in the rodent lateral hypothalamus: Relationship to the neuropeptide Y and agouti gene-related protein systems. J Comp Neurol 402, 460-474, 1998.10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19981228)402:4<460::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-S]Search in Google Scholar
[Burdyga G, Spiller D, Morris R, Lal S, Th ompson DG, Saeed S, Dimaline R, Varro A, Dockray GJ. Expression of the leptin receptor in rat and human nodose ganglion neurones. Neuroscience 109, 339-347, 2002.10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00474-2]Search in Google Scholar
[Burdyga G, Lal S, Spiller D, Jiang W, Thompson D, Attwood S, Saeed S, Grundy D, Varro A, Dimaline R, Dockray GJ. Localization of orexin-1 receptors to vagal aff erent neurons in the rat and humans. Gastroenterology 124, 129-139, 2003.10.1053/gast.2003.50020]Search in Google Scholar
[Cabral GA, Griffin-Thomas L. Emerging role of the cannabinoid receptor CB2 in immune regulation: therapeutic prospects for neuroinfl ammation. Expert Rev Mol Med 11, e3, 2009.10.1017/S1462399409000957]Search in Google Scholar
[Castaneda TR, Tong J, Datta R, Culler M, Tschop MH. Ghrelin in the regulation of body weight and metabolism Front Neuroendocrinol 31, 44-60, 2010.10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.10.008]Search in Google Scholar
[Chen AS, Marsh DJ, Trumbauer ME, Frazier EG, Guan XM, Yu H, Rosenblum CI, Vongs A, Feng Y, Cao L, Metzger JM, Strack AM, Camacho RE, Mellin TN, Nunes CN, Min W, Fisher J, Gopal-Truter S, MacIntyre DE, Chen HY, Van der Ploeg LH. Inactivation of the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor results in increased fat mass and reduced lean body mass. Nat Genet 26, 97-102, 2000.10.1038/79254]Search in Google Scholar
[Cohen MA, Ellis SM, Le Roux CW, Batterham RL, Park A, Patterson M, Frost GS, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Oxyntomodulin suppresses appetite and reduces food intake in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88, 4696-4701, 2003.10.1210/jc.2003-030421]Search in Google Scholar
[Cone RD. Anatomy and regulation of the central melanocortin system. Nat Neurosci 8, 571-578, 2005.10.1038/nn1455]Search in Google Scholar
[Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML, Kriauciunas A, Stephens TW, Nyce MR, Ohannesian JP, Marco CC, McKee LJ, Bauer TL. Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. New Eng J Med 334, 292-295, 1996.10.1056/NEJM199602013340503]Search in Google Scholar
[Coope A, Milanski M, Araujo EP, Tambascia M, Saad MJ, Geloneze B, Velloso LA. AdipoR1 mediates the anorexigenic and insulin/leptin-like actions of adiponectin in the hypothalamus. FEBS Lett 582, 1471-1476, 2008.10.1016/j.febslet.2008.03.037]Search in Google Scholar
[Costantini VJ, Vicentini E, Sabbatini FM, Valerio E, Lepore S, Tessari M, Sartori M, Michielin F, Melotto S, Bifone A, Pich EM, Corsi M. GSK1614343, a novel ghrelin receptor antagonist, produces an unexpected increase of food intake and body weight in rodents and dogs. Neuroendocrinol 94, 158-68, 2011.10.1159/000328968]Search in Google Scholar
[Cota D, Marsicano G, Tschop M, Grubler Y, Flachskamm C, Schubert M, Auer D, Yassouridis A, Thone-Reineke C, Ortmann S, Tomassoni F, Cervino C, Nisoli E, Linthorst AC, Pasquali R, Lutz B, Stalla GK, Pagotto U. The endogenous cannabinoid system aff ects energy balance via central orexigenic drive and peripheral lipogenesis. J Clin Invest 112, 423-431, 2003.10.1172/JCI17725]Search in Google Scholar
[Cota D, Tschop MH, Horvath TL, Levine AS. Cannabinoids, opioids and eating behavior: the molecular face of hedonism? Brain Res Rev 51, 85-107, 2006.10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.10.004]Search in Google Scholar
[Cowley MA, Smith RG, Diano S, Tschop M, Pronchuk N, Grove KL, Strasburger CJ, Bidlingmaier M, Esterman M, Heiman ML, Garcia-Segura LM, Nillni EA, Mendez P, Low MJ, Sotonyi P, Friedman JM, Liu H, Pinto S, Colmers WF, Cone RD, Horvath TL. Th e distribution and mechanism of action of ghrelin in the CNS demonstrates a novel hypothalamic circuit regulating energy homeostasis. Neuron 37, 649-661, 2003.10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00063-1]Search in Google Scholar
[Cummings DE, Overduin J. Gastrointestinal regulation of food intake. J Clin Invest 117, 13-23, 2007.10.1172/JCI30227171621717200702]Search in Google Scholar
[Dakin CL, Small CJ, Batterham RL, Neary NM, Cohen MA, Patterson M, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Peripheral oxyntomodulin reduces food intake and body weight gain in rats. Endocrinol 145, 2687-2695, 2004.10.1210/en.2003-133815001546]Search in Google Scholar
[Date Y, Murakami N, Toshinai K, Matsukura S, Niijima A, Matsuo H, Kangawa K, Nakazato M. The role of the gastric aff erent vagal nerve in ghrelin induced feeding and growth hormone secretion in rats. Gastroenterology 123, 1120-1128, 2002.10.1053/gast.2002.3595412360474]Search in Google Scholar
[Date Y. Ghrelin and the vagus nerve. Methods in Enzymology 514, 261-269, 2012.10.1016/B978-0-12-381272-8.00016-722975058]Search in Google Scholar
[de Graaf C, Blom WA, Smeets PA, Stafl eu A, Hendriks HF. Biomarkers of satiation and satiety. A J Clin Nutr 79, 946-961, 2004.10.1093/ajcn/79.6.946]Search in Google Scholar
[Devane WA, Manus L, Breuer A, Pertwee RG, Stevenson LA, Griffi n G, Gibson D, Mandelbaum A, Etinger A, Mechoulam R. Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor. Science 258, 1946-1949, 1992.10.1126/science.1470919]Search in Google Scholar
[Dhuria SV, Fine JM, Bingham D, Svitak AL, Burns RB, Baillargeon AM, Panter SS, Kazi AN, Frey WH 2nd, Hanson LR. Food consumption and activity levels increase in rats following intranasal Hypocretin-1. Neurosci Lett 627, 155-159, 2016.10.1016/j.neulet.2016.05.053]Search in Google Scholar
[Di Marzo V, Bisogno T, De Petrocellis L, Melck D, Orlando P, Wagner JA, Kunos G. Biosynthesis and inactivation of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol in circulating and tumoral macrophages. Eur J Biochem 264, 258-267, 1999.10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00631.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Di Marzo V, Matias I. Endocannabinoid control of food intake and energy balance. Nat Neurosci 8, 585-589, 2005.10.1038/nn1457]Search in Google Scholar
[Dube MG, Kalra SP, Kalra PS. Food intake elicited by administration of orexins/hypocretins: identifi cation of hypothalamic sites of action. Brain Res 842, 473-477, 1999.10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01824-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Fehmann HC, Jiang J, Schweinfurth J, Wheeler MB, Boyd AE 3rd, Goke B. Stable expression of the rat GLP-I receptor in CHO cells: activation and binding characteristics utilizing GLP-I(7-36)-amide, oxyntomodulin, exendin- 4, and exendin(9-39). Peptides 15, 453-456, 1994.10.1016/0196-9781(94)90204-6]Search in Google Scholar
[Foster-Schubert KE, Cummings DE. Emerging therapeutic strategies for obesity. Endocr Rev 27, 779-793, 2006.10.1210/er.2006-004117122357]Search in Google Scholar
[Fraley GS, Scarlett JM, Shimada I, Teklemichael DN, Acohido BV, Clift on DK, Steiner RA. Eff ects of diabetes and insulin on the expression of Galanin-like peptide in the hypothalamus of the rate. Diabetes 53, 1237-1242, 2004.10.2337/diabetes.53.5.123715111492]Search in Google Scholar
[Friedman JM. Modern science versus the stigma of obesity. Nat Med 10, 563-569, 2004.10.1038/nm0604-56315170194]Search in Google Scholar
[Fujimoto K, Fukagawa K, Sakata T, Tso P. Suppression of food intake by apolipoprotein A-IV is mediated through the central nervous system in rats. J Clin Invest 91, 1830-1833, 1993.10.1172/JCI1163952881658473522]Search in Google Scholar
[Galic S, Oakhill JS, Steinberg GR. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Mol Cell Endocrinol 316, 129-139, 2010.10.1016/j.mce.2009.08.01819723556]Search in Google Scholar
[Garruti G, Cotecchia S, Giampetruzzi F, Giorgino F, Giorgino R. Neuroendocrine deregulation of food intake, adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal system in obesity and metabolic syndrome. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 17, 193-198, 2008.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gauthier KM, Baewer DV, Hittner S, Hillard CJ, Nithipatikom K, Reddy DS, Falck JR, Campbell WB. Endotheliumderived 2-arachidonylglycerol: an intermediate in vasodilatory eicosanoid release in bovine coronary arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 288, H1344-H1351, 2005.10.1152/ajpheart.00537.200415528233]Search in Google Scholar
[Geary N, Le Sauter J, Noh U. Glucagon acts in the liver to control spontaneous meal size in rats. Am J Physiol 264, R116-R122, 1993.10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.1.R1168430871]Search in Google Scholar
[Gerozissis K. Brain insulin and feeding: a bi-directional communication. Eur J Pharmacol 490, 59-70, 2004.10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.02.04415094073]Search in Google Scholar
[Ghatei MA, Uttenthal LO, Christofides ND, Bryant MG, Bloom SR. Molecular forms of human enteroglucagon in tissue and plasma: plasma responses to nutrient stimuli in health and in disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 57, 488-495, 1983.10.1210/jcem-57-3-4886874888]Search in Google Scholar
[Gonthier MP, Hoareau L, Festy F, Matias I, Valenti M, Bes-Houtmann S, Rouch C, Robert-Da Silva C, Chesne S, Lefebvre d’Hellencourt C, Cesari M, Di Marzo V, Roche R. Identifi cation of endocannabinoids and related compounds in human fat cells. Obesity 15, 837-845, 2007.10.1038/oby.2007.58117426318]Search in Google Scholar
[Goodman A. Neurobiology of addiction. An integrative review. Biochem Pharmacol 75, 266-322, 2008.10.1016/j.bcp.2007.07.03017764663]Search in Google Scholar
[Halmos T, Suba I. Role of the brain in the regulation of metabolism and energy expenditure: the central role of insulin, and insulin resistance of the brain. Orv Hetil 152, 83-91, 2011.10.1556/OH.2011.2898121205607]Search in Google Scholar
[Hankir MK, Parkinson JR, Minnion JS, Addison ML, Bloom SR, Bell JD. Peptide YY 3-36 and pancreatic polypeptide diff erentially regulate hypothalamic neuronal activity in mice in vivo as measured by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Neuroendocrinol 23, 371-380, 2011.10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02111.x21251093]Search in Google Scholar
[Hare KJ. Role of GLP-1 induced glucagon suppression in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dan Med Bull 57, B4181, 2010.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hargrave SL, Kinzig KP. Repeated gastric distension alters food intake and neuroendocrine profi les in rats. Physiol Behav 105, 975-981, 2012.10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.11.006]Search in Google Scholar
[Herisson FM, Waas JR, Fredriksson R, Schioth HB, Levine AS, Olszewski PK. Oxytocin acting in the nucleus accumbens core decreases food intake. J Neuroendocrinol 28, 2016.10.1111/jne.12381]Search in Google Scholar
[Hillebrand JJ, Geary N. Do leptin and insulin signal adiposity? Forum Nutr 63, 111-122, 2010.10.1159/000264399]Search in Google Scholar
[Hirako S, Wada N, Kageyama H, Takenoya F, Izumida Y, Kim H, Iizuka Y, Matsumoto A, Okabe M, Kimura A, Suzuki M, Yamanaka S, Shioda S. Autonomic nervous system-mediated eff ects of galanin-like peptide on lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue. Sci Rep 6, 21481, 2016.10.1038/srep21481]Search in Google Scholar
[Hoebel BG. Brain neurotransmitters in food and drug reward. Am J Clin Nutr 42, 1133-1150, 1985.10.1093/ajcn/42.5.1133]Search in Google Scholar
[Holst JJ. On the physiology of GIP and GLP-1. Horm Metab Res 36, 747-754, 2004.10.1055/s-2004-826158]Search in Google Scholar
[Honda K, Kamisoyama H, Saito N, Kurose Y, Sugahara K, Hasegawa S. Central administration of glucagon suppresses food intake in chicks. Neurosci Lett 416, 198-201, 2007.10.1016/j.neulet.2007.02.011]Search in Google Scholar
[Horvath TL. Endocannabinoids and the regulation of body fat: the smoke is clearing. J Clin Invest 112, 323-326, 2003.10.1172/JCI19376]Search in Google Scholar
[Hotta M, Shibasaki T, Arai K, Demura H. Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 mediates emotional stressinduced inhibition of food intake and behavioral changes in rats. Brain Res 823, 221-225, 1999.10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01177-4]Search in Google Scholar
[Hou J, Zheng DZ, Zhou JY, Zhou SW. Orexigenic eff ect of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) aft er injection into hypothalamic nuclei in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 37, 989-995, 2010.10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05423.x20626417]Search in Google Scholar
[Huszar D, Lynch CA, Fairchild-Huntress V, Dunmore JH, Fang Q, Berkemeier LR, Gu W, Kesterson RA, Boston BA, Cone RD, Smith FJ, Campfi eld LA, Burn P, Lee F. Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice. Cell 88, 131-134, 1997.10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81865-6]Search in Google Scholar
[Iwasaki Y, Kakei M, Nakabayashi H, Ayush EA, Hirano-Kodaira M, Maejima Y, Yada T. Pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY3-36 induce Ca2+ signaling in nodose ganglion neurons. Neuropeptides 47, 19-23, 2013.10.1016/j.npep.2012.07.00622944736]Search in Google Scholar
[Jamshidi N, Taylor DA. Anandamide administration into the ventromedial hypothalamus stimulates appetite in rats. Br J Pharmacol 134, 1151-1154, 2001.10.1038/sj.bjp.0704379157306711704633]Search in Google Scholar
[Jbilo O, Ravinet-Trillou C, Arnone M, Buisson I, Bribes E, Peleraux A, Penarier G, Soubrie P, Le Fur G, Galiegue S, Casellas P. Th e CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant reverses the diet-induced obesity phenotype through the regulation of lipolysis and energy balance. FASEB J19, 1567-1569, 2005.10.1096/fj.04-3177fje16009704]Search in Google Scholar
[Jequier E, Tappy L. Regulation of body weight in humans. Physiol Rev 79, 451-480, 1999.10.1152/physrev.1999.79.2.45110221987]Search in Google Scholar
[Jesudason DR, Monteiro MP, McGowan BM, Neary NM, Park AJ, Philippou E, Small CJ, Frost GS, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Low-dose pancreatic polypeptide inhibits food intake in man. Br J Nutr 97, 426-429, 2007.10.1017/S000711450733679917313701]Search in Google Scholar
[Kageyama H, Shiba K, Hirako S, Wada N, Yamanaka S, Nogi Y, Takenoya F, Nonaka N, Hirano T, Inoue S, Shioda S. Anti-obesity eff ect of intranasal administration of galanin-like peptide (GALP) in obese mice. Sci Rep 6, 28200, 2016.10.1038/srep28200491496427323911]Search in Google Scholar
[Katayama S, Tomonaga S, Sato M, Yamane H, Tsuneyoshi Y, Denbow DM, Furuse M. Norepinephrine does not alter NPY and POMC mRNA expression in neonatal chicks. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 156, 143-146, 2010.10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.01.01120096362]Search in Google Scholar
[Keenan GS, Brunstrom JM, Ferriday D. Eff ects of meal variety on expected satiation: evidence for a ‘perceived volume’ heuristic. Appetite 89, 10-15, 2015.10.1016/j.appet.2015.01.010437639225599925]Search in Google Scholar
[Kenny PJ. Common cellular and molecular mechanisms in obesity and drug addiction. Nat Rev Neurosci 12, 638- 651, 2011.10.1038/nrn310522011680]Search in Google Scholar
[Kim ER, Mizuno TM. Role of neurotensin receptor 1 in the regulation of food intake by neuromedins and neuromedin- related peptides. Neurosci Lett 468, 64-67, 2010.10.1016/j.neulet.2009.10.06419857548]Search in Google Scholar
[Klok MD, Jakobsdottir S, Drent ML. Th e role of leptin and ghrelin in the regulation of food intake and body weight in humans: a review. Obes Rev 8, 21-34, 2007.10.1111/j.1467-789X.2006.00270.x17212793]Search in Google Scholar
[Kogan NM, Mechoulam R. Th e chemistry of endocannabinoids. J Endocrinol Invest 29, 3-14, 2006.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kola B, Farkas I, Christ-Crain M, Wittmann G, Lolli F, Amin F, Harvey-White J, Liposits Z, Kunos G, Grossman AB, Fekete C, Korbonits M. Th e orexigenic eff ect of ghrelin is mediated through central activation of the endogenous cannabinoid system. PLoS One 3, e1797, 2008.10.1371/journal.pone.0001797225843518335063]Search in Google Scholar
[Koren MS, Holmes MD. Vagus nerve stimulation does not lead to signifi cant changes in body weight in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 8, 246-249, 2006.10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.10.00116343997]Search in Google Scholar
[Kristensen P, Judge ME, Th im L, Ribel U, Christjansen KN, Wulff BS, Clausen JT, Jensen PB, Madsen OD, Vrang N, Larsen PJ, Hastrup S. Hypothalamic CART is a new anorectic peptide regulated by leptin. Nature 393, 72-76, 1998.10.1038/299939590691]Search in Google Scholar
[Krude H, Biebermann H, Luck W, Horn R, Brabant G, Gruters A. Severe early-onset obesity, adrenal insuffi ciency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans. Nat Genet 19, 155-157, 1998.10.1038/5099620771]Search in Google Scholar
[Lateef DM, Washington MC, Raboin SJ, Roberson AE, Mansour MM, Williams CS, Sayegh AI. Duodenal myotomy blocks reduction of meal size and prolongation of intermeal interval by cholecystokinin. Physiol Behav 105, 829-834, 2012.10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.10.01822047890]Search in Google Scholar
[Lawrence C, Fraley GS. Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a hypothalamic regulator of energy homeostasis and reproduction. Front Neuroendocrinol 32, 1-9, 2011.10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.06.001295089920558195]Search in Google Scholar
[Lawson EA, Marengi DA, DeSanti RL, Holmes TM, Schoenfeld DA, Tolley CJ. Oxytocin reduces caloric intake in men. Obesity (Silver Spring) 23, 950-956, 2015.10.1002/oby.21069441474825865294]Search in Google Scholar
[le Roux CW, Batterham RL, Aylwin SJ, Patterson M, Borg CM, Wynne KJ, Kent A, Vincent RP, Gardiner J, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Attenuated peptide YY release in obese subjects is associated with reduced satiety. Endocrinology 147, 3-8, 2006.10.1210/en.2005-097216166213]Search in Google Scholar
[Lee H K, Choi EB, Pak CS. Th e current status and future perspectives of studies of cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonists as anti-obesity agents. Curr Top Med Chem 9, 482-503, 2009.10.2174/156802609788897844]Search in Google Scholar
[Leibowitz SF. Paraventricular nucleus: a primary site mediating adrenergic stimulation of feeding and drinking. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 8, 163-175, 1978.10.1016/0091-3057(78)90333-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Liddle RA, Goldfine ID, Rosen MS, Taplitz RA, Williams JA. Cholecystokinin bioactivity in human plasma. Molecular forms, responses to feeding, and relationship to gallbladder contraction. J Clin Invest 75, 1144-1152, 1985.10.1172/JCI111809]Search in Google Scholar
[Lin S, Boey D, Herzog H. NPY and Y receptors: lessons from transgenic and knockout models. Neuropeptides 38, 189-200, 2004.10.1016/j.npep.2004.05.005]Search in Google Scholar
[Lin S, Shi YC, Yulyaningsih E, Aljanova A, Zhang L, Macia L, Nguyen AD, Lin EJ, During MJ, Herzog H, Sainsbury A. Critical role of arcuate Y4 receptors and the melanocortin system in pancreatic polypeptide-induced reduction in food intake in mice. PLoS One 4, e8488, 2009.10.1371/journal.pone.0008488]Search in Google Scholar
[Little TJ, Pilichiewicz AN, Russo A, Phillips L, Jones KL, Nauck MA, Wishart J, Horowitz M, Feinle-Bisset C. Effects of intravenous glucagon-like peptide-1 on gastric emptying and intragastric distribution in healthy subjects: relationships with postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91, 1916-1923, 2006.10.1210/jc.2005-2220]Search in Google Scholar
[Lutz TA. Control of food intake and energy expenditure by amylin-therapeutic implications. Int J Obes (Lond) 33, S24-S27, 2009.10.1038/ijo.2009.13]Search in Google Scholar
[Maejima T, Hashimoto K, Yoshida T, Aiba A, Kano M. Presynaptic inhibition caused by retrograde signal from metabotropic glutamate to cannabinoid receptors. Neuron 31, 463-475, 2001.10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00375-0]Search in Google Scholar
[Martin CK, Bellanger DE, Rau KK, Coulon S, Greenway FL. Safety of the Ullorex oral intragastric balloon for the treatment of obesity. J Diabetes Sci Technol 1, 574-581, 2007.10.1177/193229680700100416276964219885121]Search in Google Scholar
[Martin KA, Mani MV, Mani A. New targets to treat obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Pharmacol 763, 64-74, 2015.10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.093457331726001373]Search in Google Scholar
[Mastorakos G, Zapanti E. Th e hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the neuroendocrine regulation of food intake and obesity: the role of corticotropin releasing hormone. Nutr Neurosci 7, 271-280, 2004.10.1080/10284150400020516]Search in Google Scholar
[Matias I, Bisogno T, Di Marzo V. Endogenous cannabinoids in the brain and peripheral tissues: regulation of their levels and control of food intake. Int J Obes (Lond) 30, S7-S12, 2006.10.1038/sj.ijo.0803271]Search in Google Scholar
[Matsuda K, Kojima K, Shimakura S, Wada K, Maruyama K, Uchiyama M, Kikuyama S, Shioda S. Corticotropinreleasing hormone mediates α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced anorexigenic action in goldfish. Peptides 29, 1930-1936, 2008.10.1016/j.peptides.2008.06.028]Search in Google Scholar
[McGowan MK, Andrews KM, Grossman SP. Chronic intrahypothalamic infusions of insulin or insulin antibodies alter body weight and food intake in the rat. Physiol Behav 51, 753-766, 1992.10.1016/0031-9384(92)90112-F]Search in Google Scholar
[Mechoulam R, Ben-Shabat S, Hanus L, Ligumsky M, Kaminski NE, Schatz AR, Gopher A, Almog S, Martin BR, Compton DR, Pertwee RG, Griffi n G, Bayewitch M, Barg J, Vogel Z. Identifi cation of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 50, 83-90, 1995.10.1016/0006-2952(95)00109-D]Search in Google Scholar
[Meguid MM, Glade MJ, Middleton FA. Weight regain aft er Roux-en-Y: a signifi cant 20% complication related to PYY. Nutrition 24, 832-842, 2008.10.1016/j.nut.2008.06.027]Search in Google Scholar
[Mentlein R, Gallwitz B, Schmidt WE. Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV hydrolyses gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucagonlike peptide-1(7-36) amide, peptide histidine methionine and is responsible for their degradation in human serum. Eur J Biochem 214, 829-835, 1993.10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17986.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Meyer-Lindenberg A, Domes G, Kirsch P, Heinrichs M. Oxytocin and vasopressin in the human brain: social neuropeptides for translational medicine. Nat Rev Neurosci 12, 524-538, 2011.10.1038/nrn3044]Search in Google Scholar
[Mihaly E, Fekete C, Legradi G, Lechan RM. Hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus neurons innervate thyrotropinreleasing hormone- synthesizing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus. Brain Res 891, 20-31, 2001.10.1016/S0006-8993(00)03094-8]Search in Google Scholar
[Moore CJ, Johnson ZP, Higgins M, Toufexis D, Wilson ME. Antagonism of corticotrophin-releasing factor type 1 receptors attenuates caloric intake of free feeding subordinate female rhesus monkeys in a rich dietary environment. J Neuroendocrinol 27, 33-43, 2015.10.1111/jne.12232430945925674637]Search in Google Scholar
[Moran TH, Baldessarini AR, Salorio CF, Lowery T, Schwartz GJ. Vagal aff erent and eff erent contributions to the inhibition of food intake by cholecystokinin. Am J Physiol 272, R1245-R1251, 1997.10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.4.R1245]Search in Google Scholar
[Moran TH, Katz LF, Plata-Salaman CR, Schwartz GJ. Disordered food intake and obesity in rats lacking cholecystokinin A receptors. Am J Physiol 274, R618-R625, 1998.10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.3.R618]Search in Google Scholar
[Moriarty P, Dimaline R, Thompson DG, Dockray GJ. Characterization of cholecystokininA and cholecystokininB receptors expressed by vagal aff erent neurons. Neuroscience 79, 905-913, 1997.10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00675-6]Search in Google Scholar
[Morton GJ, Thatcher BS, Reidelberger RD, Ogimoto K, Wolden-Hanson T, Baskin DG, Schwartz MW, Blevins JE. Peripheral oxytocin suppresses food intake and causes weight loss in diet-induced obese rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 302, E134-E144, 2012.10.1152/ajpendo.00296.2011332808722008455]Search in Google Scholar
[Nakagawa A, Satake H, Nakabayashi H, Nishizawa M, Furuya K, Nakano S, Kigoshi T, Nakayama K, Uchida K. Receptor gene expression of glucagon-like peptide-1, but not glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, in rat nodose ganglion cells. Auton Neurosci 110, 36-43, 2004.10.1016/j.autneu.2003.11.00114766323]Search in Google Scholar
[Nelson DW, Sharp JW, Brownfield MS, Raybould HE, Ney DM. Localization and activation of glucagon-like peptide-2 receptors on vagal aff erents in the rat. Endocrinology 148, 1954-1962, 2007.10.1210/en.2006-123217234710]Search in Google Scholar
[Nogueiras R, Veyrat-Durebex C, Suchanek PM, Klein M, Tschop J, Caldwell C, Woods SC, Wittmann G, Watanabe M, Liposits Z, Fekete C, Reizes O, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Tschop MH. Peripheral, but not central, CB1 antagonism provides food intake-independent metabolic benefi ts in diet-induced obese rats. Diabetes 57, 2977-2991, 2008.10.2337/db08-0161257039418716045]Search in Google Scholar
[Nutt DJ, Lingford-Hughes A, Erritzoe D, Stokes PR. The dopamine theory of addiction: 40 years of highs and lows. Nat Rev Neurosci 16, 305-312, 2015.10.1038/nrn393925873042]Search in Google Scholar
[Ochner CN, Barrios DM, Lee CD, Pi-Sunyer FX. Biological mechanisms that promote weight regain following weight loss in obese humans. Physiol Behav 15, 106-113, 2013.10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.07.009379714823911805]Search in Google Scholar
[Okada S, York DA, Bray GA, Mei J, Erlanson-Albertsson C. Diff erential inhibition of fat intake in two strains of rat by the peptide enterostatin. Am J Physiol 262, R1111-R1116, 1992.10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.6.R11111621866]Search in Google Scholar
[Ott V, Finlayson G, Lehnert H, Heitmann B, Heinrichs M, Born J, Hallschmid M. Oxytocin reduces reward-driven food intake in humans. Diabetes 62, 3418-3425, 2013.10.2337/db13-0663]Search in Google Scholar
[Overduin J, Gibbs J, Cummings DE, Reeve JR Jr. CCK-58 elicits both satiety and satiation in rats while CCK-8 elicits only satiation. Peptides 54, 71-80, 2014.10.1016/j.peptides.2014.01.008]Search in Google Scholar
[Pagano C, Rossato M, Vettor R. Endocannabinoids, adipose tissue and lipid metabolism. J Neuroendocrinol 20, 124-129, 2008.10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01690.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Pagotto U, Marsicano G, Cota D, Lutz B, Pasquali R. The emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in endocrine regulation and energy balance. Endocr Rev 27, 73-100, 2006.10.1210/er.2005-0009]Search in Google Scholar
[Palmiter RD. Is dopamine a physiologically relevant mediator of feeding behavior? Trends Neurosci 30, 375-381, 2007.10.1016/j.tins.2007.06.004]Search in Google Scholar
[Parker JA, McCullough KA, Field BC, Minnion JS, Martin NM, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Glucagon and GLP-1 inhibit food intake and increase c-fos expression in similar appetite regulating centres in the brainstem and amygdala. Int J Obes (Lond) 37, 1391-1398, 2013.10.1038/ijo.2012.227]Search in Google Scholar
[Paz-Filho GJ, Volaco A, Suplicy HL, Radominski RB, Boguszewski CL. Decrease in leptin production by the adipose tissue in obesity associated with severe metabolic syndrome. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 53, 1088-1095, 2009.10.1590/S0004-27302009000900005]Search in Google Scholar
[Pelleymounter MA, Cullen MJ, Wellman CL. Characteristics of BDNF-induced weight loss. Exp Neurol 131, 229-238, 1995.10.1016/0014-4886(95)90045-4]Search in Google Scholar
[Pfluger PT, Kampe J, Castaneda TR, Vahl T, D’Alessio DA, Kruthaupt T, Benoit SC, Cuntz U, Rochlitz HJ, Moehlig M, Pfeiff er AF, Koebnick C, Weickert MO, Otto B, Spranger J, Tschop MH. Eff ect of human body weight changes on circulating levels of peptide YY and peptide YY3-36. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92, 583-588, 2007.10.1210/jc.2006-142517119001]Search in Google Scholar
[Pocai A, Carrington PE, Adams JR, Wright M, Eiermann G, Zhu L, Du X, Petrov A, Lassman ME, Jiang G, Liu F, Miller C, Tota LM, Zhou G, Zhang X, Sountis MM, Santoprete A, Capito’ E, Chicchi GG, Th ornberry N, Bianchi E, Pessi A, Marsh DJ, SinhaRoy R. Glucagon-like peptide 1/glucagon receptor dual agonism reverses obesity in mice. Diabetes 58, 2258-2266, 2009.10.2337/db09-0278275020919602537]Search in Google Scholar
[Pomorska DK, do-Rego JC, do-Rego JL, Zubrzycka M, Janecka A. Opioid and cannabinoid system in food intake. Curr Pharm Des 22, 1361-1370, 2016.10.2174/138161282266616012511414426806346]Search in Google Scholar
[Potes CS, Turek VF, Cole RL, Vu C, Roland BL, Roth JD, Riediger T, Lutz TA. Noradrenergic neurons of the area postrema mediate amylin’s hypophagic action. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 299, R623-R631, 2010.10.1152/ajpregu.00791.200920554938]Search in Google Scholar
[Pothos EN, Hernandez L, Hoebel BG. Chronic food deprivation decreases extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens: implications for a possible neurochemical link between weight loss and drug abuse. Obes Res 3, 525S-529S, 1995.10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00222.x8697053]Search in Google Scholar
[Powley TL, Chi MM, Baronowsky EA, Phillips RJ. Gastrointestinal tract innervation of the mouse: aff erent regeneration and meal patterning aft er vagotomy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 289, R563-R574, 2005.10.1152/ajpregu.00167.200515831767]Search in Google Scholar
[Qin X, Tso P. Th e role of apolipoprotein AIV in the control of food intake. Curr Drug Targets 6, 145-151, 2005.10.2174/138945005317454115777185]Search in Google Scholar
[Quarta C, Bellocchio L, Mancini G, Mazza R, Cervino C, Braulke LJ, Fekete C, Latorre R, Nanni C, Bucci M, Clemens LE, Heldmaier G, Watanabe M, Leste-Lassere T, Maitre M, Tedesco L, Fanelli F, Reuss S, Klaus S, Srivastava RK, Monory K, Valerio A, Grandis A, De Giorgio R, Pasquali R, Nisoli E, Cota D, Lutz B, Marsicano G, Pagotto U. CB(1) signaling in forebrain and sympathetic neurons is a key determinant of endocannabinoid actions on energy balance. Cell Metab 11, 273-285, 2010.10.1016/j.cmet.2010.02.01520374960]Search in Google Scholar
[Quarta C, Mazza R, Obici S, Pasquali R, Pagotto U. Energy balance regulation by endocannabinoids at central an peripheral levels. Trends Mol Med 17, 518-526, 2011.10.1016/j.molmed.2011.05.00221816675]Search in Google Scholar
[Raffan E, Dennis RJ, O’Donovan CJ, Becker JM, Scott RA, Smith SP, Withers DJ, Wood CJ, Conci E, Clements DN, Summers KM, German AJ, Mellersh CS, Arendt ML, Iyemere VP, Withers E, Soder J, Wernersson S, Andersson G, Lindblad-Toh K, Yeo GS, O’Rahilly S. A Deletion in the canine POMC gene is associated with weight and appetite in obesity-prone labrador retriever dogs. Cell Metab 23, 893-900, 2016.10.1016/j.cmet.2016.04.012487361727157046]Search in Google Scholar
[Ratner C, Skov LJ, Raida Z, Bachler T, Bellmann-Sickert K, Le Foll C, Sivertsen B, Dalboge LS, Hartmann B, Beck-Sickinger AG, Madsen AN, Jelsing J, Holst JJ, Lutz TA, Andrews ZB, Holst B. Eff ects of peripheral neurotensin on appetite regulation and its role in gastric bypass surgery. Endocrinology 157, 3482-3492, 2016.10.1210/en.2016-132927580810]Search in Google Scholar
[Ravinet Trillou C, Delgorge C, Menet C, Arnone M, Soubrie P. CB1 cannabinoid receptor knockout in mice leads to leanness, resistance to diet induced obesity and enhanced leptin sensitivity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28, 640-648, 2004.10.1038/sj.ijo.080258314770190]Search in Google Scholar
[Rehfeld JF. Th e new biology of gastrointestinal hormones. Physiol Rev 78, 1087-1108, 1998.10.1152/physrev.1998.78.4.1087]Search in Google Scholar
[Riedy CA, Chavez M, Figlewicz DP, Woods SC. Central insulin enhances sensitivity to cholecystokinin. Physiol Behav 58, 755-760, 1995.10.1016/0031-9384(95)00108-U]Search in Google Scholar
[Ritter RC. Gastrointestinal mechanisms of satiation for food. Physiol Behav 81, 249-273, 2004.10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.02.012]Search in Google Scholar
[Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Craft LS, Bridwell J, Suter TM, Tinsley FC, Smiley DL, Burkhart DR, Statnick MA, Heiman ML, Ravussin E, Caro JF. Chronic central infusion of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART 55-102): eff ects on body weight homeostasis in lean and high-fat-fed obese rats. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 26, 143-149, 2002.10.1038/sj.ijo.0801863]Search in Google Scholar
[Rorato R, Miyahara C, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Elias LL. Tolerance to hypophagia induced by prolonged treatment with a CB1 antagonist is related to the reversion of anorexigenic neuropeptide gene expression in the hypothalamus. Regul Pept 182, 12-18, 2013.10.1016/j.regpep.2012.12.004]Search in Google Scholar
[Roth JD, Hughes H, Kendall E, Baron AD, Anderson CM. Antiobesity eff ects of the beta-cell hormone amylin in diet-induced obese rats: eff ects on food intake, body weight, composition, energy expenditure, and gene expression. Endocrinology 147, 5855-5864, 2006.10.1210/en.2006-0393]Search in Google Scholar
[Sandoval D, Cota D, Seeley RJ. Th e integrative role of CNS fuel-sensing mechanisms in energy balance and glucose regulation. Annu Rev Physiol 70, 513-535, 2008.10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.120806.095256]Search in Google Scholar
[Santoso P, Maejima Y, Kumamoto K, Takenoshita S, Shimomura K. Central action of ELABELA reduces food intake and activates arginine vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Neuroreport 26, 820-826, 2015.10.1097/WNR.0000000000000431]Search in Google Scholar
[Sawchenko PE, Swanson LW. Localization, localization, and plasticity of corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactivity in rat brain. Fed Proc 44, 221-227, 1985.]Search in Google Scholar
[Scheen AJ, Van Gaal LG, Despres JP, Pi-Sunyer X, Golay A, Hanotin C. Rimonabant improves cardiometabolic risk profi le in obese or overweight subjects: overview of RIO studies. Rev Med Suisse 2, 1916-1923, 2006.]Search in Google Scholar
[Schwartz GJ. Th e role of gastrointestinal vagal aff erents in the control of food intake: current prospects. Nutrition 16, 866-873, 2000.10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00464-0]Search in Google Scholar
[Schwartz GJ. Brainstem integrative function in the central nervous system control of food intake. Forum Nutr 63, 141-151, 2010.10.1159/00026440219955782]Search in Google Scholar
[Sekino A, Ohata H, Mano-Otagiri A, Arai K, Shibasaki T. Both corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 and type 2 are involved in stress-induced inhibition of food intake in rats. Psychopharmacology 176, 30-38, 2004.10.1007/s00213-004-1863-1]Search in Google Scholar
[Silvestri C, Di Marzo V. Th e endocannabinoid system in energy homeostasis and the etiopathology of metabolic]Search in Google Scholar
[disorders. Cell Metab 17, 475-490, 2013.10.1016/j.cmet.2013.03.001]Search in Google Scholar
[Simpson CW, Dicara L. Estradiol Inhibition of Catecholamine Elicited Eating in the Female Rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1, 413-419, 1973.10.1016/0091-3057(73)90007-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Smith GP. Satiation: from gut to brain. Oxford University Press, New York, USA. PP 291, 1998.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195105155.001.0001]Search in Google Scholar
[Sterl K, Wang S, Oestricker L, Wallendorf MJ, Patterson BW, Reeds DN, Wice BM. Metabolic responses to xenin-25 are altered in humans with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Peptides 82, 76-84, 2016.10.1016/j.peptides.2016.06.001495856527288245]Search in Google Scholar
[Strubbe JH, Woods SC. Th e timing of meals. Psychol Rev 111, 128-141, 2004.10.1037/0033-295X.111.1.12814756590]Search in Google Scholar
[Sun Y, Wang P, Zheng H, Smith RG. Ghrelin stimulation of growth hormone release and appetite is mediated through the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101, 4679-4684, 2004.10.1073/pnas.030593010138480615070777]Search in Google Scholar
[Suzuki K, Simpson K A, Minnion JS, Shillito JC, Bloom SR. Th e role of gut hormones and the hypothalamus in appetite regulation. Endocrinol J 57, 359-372, 2010.10.1507/endocrj.K10E-077]Search in Google Scholar
[Takenoya F, Hirayama M, Kageyama H, Funahashi H, Kita T, Matsumoto H, Ohtaki T, Katoh S, Takeuchi M, Shioda S. Neuronal interactions between galanin-like-peptide- and orexin- or melanin-concentrating hormonecontaining neurons. Regul Pept 126, 79-83, 2005.10.1016/j.regpep.2004.10.00415620418]Search in Google Scholar
[Talsania T, Anini Y, Siu S, Drucker DJ, Brubaker PL. Peripheral exendin-4 and peptide YY (3-36) synergistically reduce food intake through diff erent mechanisms in mice. Endocrinology 146, 3748-3756, 2005.10.1210/en.2005-047315932924]Search in Google Scholar
[Tam J, Vemuri VK, Liu J, Batkai S, Mukhopadhyay B, Godlewski G, Osei-Hyiaman D, Ohnuma S, Ambudkar SV, Pickel J, Makriyannis A, Kunos G. Peripheral CB1 cannabinoid receptor blockade improves cardiometabolic risk in mouse models of obesity. J Clin Invest 120, 2953-6629, 2010.10.1172/JCI42551291219720664173]Search in Google Scholar
[Tanda G, Di Chiara G. A dopamine- ⊠1 opioid link in the rat ventral tegmentum shared by palatable food (Fonzies) and non-psychostimulant drugs of abuse. Eur J Neurosci 10, 1179-1187, 1998.10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00135.x9753186]Search in Google Scholar
[Tedesco L, Valerio A, Cervino C, Cardile A, Pagano C, Vettor R, Pasquali R, Carruba MO, Marsicano G, Lutz B, Pagotto U, Nisoli E. Cannabinoid type 1 receptor blockade promotes mitochondrial biogenesis through endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in white adipocytes. Diabetes 57, 2028-2036, 2008.10.2337/db07-1623249467018477809]Search in Google Scholar
[Thienel M, Fritsche A, Heinrichs M, Peter A, Ewers M, Lehnert H, Born J, Hallschmid M. Oxytocin’s inhibitory eff ect on food intake is stronger in obese than normal-weight men. Int J Obes (Lond) 40, 1707-1714, 2016.10.1038/ijo.2016.149511606327553712]Search in Google Scholar
[Trujillo ME, Scherer PE. Adipose tissue-derived factors: impact on health and disease. Endocr Rev 27, 762-778, 2006.10.1210/er.2006-003317056740]Search in Google Scholar
[Tso P, Sun W, Liu M. Gastrointestinal satiety signals IV. Apolipoprotein A-IV. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 286, G885-G890, 2004.10.1152/ajpgi.00511.200315132947]Search in Google Scholar
[Verty AN, McGregor IS, Mallet PE. Paraventricular hypothalamic CB (1) cannabinoid receptors are involved in the feeding stimulatory eff ects of Delta (9)-tetrahydrocannabinol. Neuropharmacology 49, 1101-1109, 2005. 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.03.02516098995]Search in Google Scholar
[Verty AN, Boon WM, Mallet PE, McGregor IS, Oldfi eld BJ. Involvement of hypothalamic peptides in the anorectic action of the CB receptor antagonist rimonabant (SR 141716). Eur J Neurosci 29, 2207-2216, 2009.10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06750.x19490094]Search in Google Scholar
[Verty AN, Stefanidis A, McAinch AJ, Hryciw DH, Oldfield B. Anti-obesity eff ect of the CB2 receptor agonist JWH- 015 in diet-induced obese mice. PLoS One 10, e0140592, 2015.10.1371/journal.pone.0140592465449626588700]Search in Google Scholar
[Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Baler RD. Reward, dopamine and the control of food intake: implications for obesity. Trends Cogn Sci 15, 37-46, 2011.10.1016/j.tics.2010.11.001312434021109477]Search in Google Scholar
[Wallenius K, Jansson JO, Wallenius V. Th e therapeutic potential of interleukin-6 in treating obesity. Expert Opin Biol Th er 3, 1061-1070, 2003.10.1517/14712598.3.7.1061]Search in Google Scholar
[Washington MC, Coggeshall J, Sayegh AI. Cholecystokinin-33 inhibits meal size and prolongs the subsequent intermeal interval. Peptides 32, 971-977, 2011.10.1016/j.peptides.2011.02.007]Search in Google Scholar
[Whitcomb DC, Puccio AM, Vigna SR, Taylor IL, Hoffman GE. Distribution of pancreatic polypeptide receptors in the rat brain. Brain Res 760, 137-149, 1997.10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00295-3]Search in Google Scholar
[Wielinga PY, Alder B, Lutz TA. Th e acute eff ect of amylin and salmon calcitonin on energy expenditure. Physiol Behav 91, 212-217, 2007.10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.02.01217428511]Search in Google Scholar
[Wodowska J, Ciosek J. [Galanin-like peptide (GALP): localization, receptors and biological function]. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online) 69, 1067-1076, 2015.]Search in Google Scholar
[Woods SC, Lotter EC, McKay LD, Porte D Jr. Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin reduces food intake and body weight of baboons. Nature 282, 503-505, 1979.10.1038/282503a0116135]Search in Google Scholar
[Woods SC, Seeley RJ, Baskin DG, Schwartz MW. Insulin and the blood-brain barrier. Curr Pharm Des 9, 795-800, 2003.10.2174/138161203345532312678878]Search in Google Scholar
[Woods SC. Signals that infl uence food intake and body weight. Physiol Behav 86, 709-716, 2005.10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.08.06016260007]Search in Google Scholar
[Wynne K, Stanley S, McGowan B, Bloom S. Appetite control. J Endocrinol 184, 291-318, 2005.10.1677/joe.1.0586615684339]Search in Google Scholar
[Wynne K, Park AJ, Small CJ, Meeran K, Ghatei MA, Frost GS, Bloom SR. Oxyntomodulin increases energy expenditure in addition to decreasing energy intake in overweight and obesehumans: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 30, 1729-1736, 2006.10.1038/sj.ijo.080334416619056]Search in Google Scholar
[Xu B, Goulding EH, Zang K, Cepoi D, Cone RD, Jones KR, Tecott LH, Reichardt LF. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulates energy balance downstream of melanocortin-4 receptor. Nat Neurosci 6, 736-742, 2003.10.1038/nn1073271010012796784]Search in Google Scholar
[Young A, Denaro M. Roles of amylin in diabetes and in regulation of nutrient load. Nutrition 14, 524-527, 1998.10.1016/S0899-9007(98)00044-6]Search in Google Scholar
[Yu Y, South T, Wang Q, Huang XF. Diff erential expression of hypothalamic CART mRNA in response to body weight change following diff erent dietary interventions. Neurochem Int 52, 1422-1430, 2008.10.1016/j.neuint.2008.03.00318455834]Search in Google Scholar
[Zac-Varghese S, Tan T, Bloom SR. Hormonal interactions between gut and brain. Discov Med 10, 543-552. 2010.]Search in Google Scholar
[Zhang H, Wu C, Chen Q, Chen X, Xu Z, Wu J, Cai D. Treatment of obesity and diabetes using oxytocin or analogs in patients and mouse models. PLoS One 8, e61477, 2013.10.1371/journal.pone.0061477365897923700406]Search in Google Scholar