Open Access

The Influence of the Filtration Bed type in the Pool Water Treatment System on Washings Quality


Cite

[1] Mays LW. A brief history of water filtration/sedimentation. Water Sci Technol Water Supply. 2013;13:735-742. DOI: 10.2166/ws.2013.102.10.2166/ws.2013.102Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[2] Brandt MJ, Johnson MK, Elphinston AJ, Ratnayaka DD. Twort’s Water Supply. 7th Ed. Butterworth-Heinemann: Elsevier Ltd; 2017. ISBN 9780081000250. DOI: 10.1016/C2012-0-06331-4.10.1016/C2012-0-06331-4Search in Google Scholar

[3] Evans G, Dennis P, Cousins M, Campbell R. Use of recycled crushed glass as a filtration medium in municipal potable water treatment plants. Water Sci Technol Water Supply. 2002;2:9-16. DOI: 10.2166/ws.2002.0144.10.2166/ws.2002.0144Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[4] Cromphout J, Rougge W. Cost-effective water treatment of polluted surface water by using direct filtration and granular activated carbon filtration. Water Sci Technol Water Supply. 2002;2:233-240. DOI: 10.2166/ws.2002.0028.10.2166/ws.2002.0028Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[5] Skoczko I, Szatylowicz E. The analysis of physico-chemical properties of two unknown filter materials. J Ecol Eng. 2016;17:148-154. DOI: 10.12911/22998993/63480.10.12911/22998993/63480Search in Google Scholar

[6] Zaman S, Begum A, Rabbani KS, Bari L. Low cost and sustainable surface water purification methods using Moringa seeds and scallop powder followed by bio-sand filtration. Water Sci Technol Water Supply. 2017;17:125-137. DOI: 10.2166/ws.2016.111.10.2166/ws.2016.111Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[7] Shafiquzzaman M, Al-Mahmud A, AlSaleem S, Haider H, Shafiquzzaman M, Al-Mahmud A, et al. Application of a low cost ceramic filter for recycling sand filter backwash water. Water. 2018;10:150. DOI: 10.3390/w10020150.10.3390/w10020150Search in Google Scholar

[8] Guo D, Wang H, Fu P, Huang Y, Liu Y, Lv W, et al. Diatomite precoat filtration for wastewater treatment: Filtration performance and pollution mechanisms. Chem Eng Res Des. 2018;137:403-411. DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2018.06.036.10.1016/j.cherd.2018.06.036Search in Google Scholar

[9] Onur A, Ng A, Garnier G, Batchelor W. Engineering cellulose fibre inorganic composites for depth filtration and adsorption. Sep Purif Technol. 2018;203:209-216. DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.04.038.10.1016/j.seppur.2018.04.038Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[10] Wasielewski S, Rott E, Minke R, Steinmetz H, Wasielewski S, Rott E, et al. Evaluation of different clinoptilolite zeolites as adsorbent for ammonium removal from highly concentrated synthetic wastewater. Water. 2018;10:584. DOI: 10.3390/w10050584.10.3390/w10050584Search in Google Scholar

[11] Fouad HA, El-Hefny RM, Mohamed MA. Reuse of spent filter backwash water. Int J Civ Eng Technol. 2016;7:176-187. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=7&IType=4.Search in Google Scholar

[12] Skolubovich Y, Voytov E, Skolubovich A, Ilyina L. Cleaning and reusing backwash water of water treatment plants. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2017;90:12035. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/90/1/012035.10.1088/1755-1315/90/1/012035Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[13] Skoczko I, Piekutin J, Ignatowicz K. Efficiency of manganese removal from water in selected filter beds. Desalin Water Treat. 2016;57:1611-1619. DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2015.1043487.10.1080/19443994.2015.1043487Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[14] Keuten MGA, Peters MCFM, Daanen HAM, de Kreuk MK, Rietveld LC, van Dijk JC. Quantification of continual anthropogenic pollutants released in swimming pools. Water Res. 2014;53:259-270. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.027.10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.02724530546Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[15] Teo TLL, Coleman HM, Khan SJ. Chemical contaminants in swimming pools: Occurrence, implications and control. Environ Int. 2015;76:16-31. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.012.10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.01225497109Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[16] Tardif R, Rodriguez M, Catto C, Charest-Tardif G, Simard S. Concentrations of disinfection by-products in swimming pool following modifications of the water treatment process: An exploratory study. J Environ Sci. 2017;58:163-172. DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.021.10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.02128774605Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[17] Lempart A, Kudlek E, Dudziak M, Szyguła A. The impact of the circulation system on the concentration level of micropollutants in the swimming pool water treatment system. Inżynieria Ekol. 2018;19:23-31. DOI: 10.12912/23920629/86051.10.12912/23920629/86051Search in Google Scholar

[18] Lempart A, Kudlek E, Dudziak M. Determination of micropollutants in water samples from swimming pool systems. Water. 2018;10:1083. DOI: 10.3390/w10081083.10.3390/w10081083Search in Google Scholar

[19] Reissmann FG, Schulze E, Albrecht V. Application of a combined UF/RO system for the reuse of filter backwash water from treated swimming pool water. Desalination. 2005;178:41-49. DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.027.10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.027Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[20] Wyczarska-Kokot J. Badania jakości popłuczyn ze stacji filtrów w obiekcie basenowym w aspekcie możliwości odprowadzania ich do wód lub do ziemi - studium przypadku (Studies of backwash water quality from a swimming pool filter plant in terms of their discharge to surface water bodies or into the ground - a case study). Ochr Środ. 2017;39:45-50. http://www.os.not.pl/docs/czasopismo/2017/2-2017/Wyczarska_2-2017.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

[21] Wyczarska-Kokot J. The study of possibilities for reuse of washings from swimming pool circulation systems. Ecol Chem Eng S. 2016;23:447-459. DOI: 10.1515/eces-2016-0032.10.1515/eces-2016-0032Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[22] Dudziak M, Łaskawiec E, Wyczarska-Kokot J. Treatment of pool water installation washings in flocculation/ultrafiltration/integrated system. J Ecol Eng. 2017;18:96-103. DOI: 10.12911/22998993/74603.10.12911/22998993/74603Search in Google Scholar

[23] Łaskawiec E, Madej M, Dudziak M, Wyczarska-Kokot J. The use of membrane techniques in swimming pool water treatment. J Ecol Eng. 2017;18(4):130-136. DOI: 10.12911/22998993/74282.10.12911/22998993/74282Search in Google Scholar

[24] American National Standard for Water Quality in Public Pools and Spas. https://standards.nsf.org/apps/group_public/download.php/17496/ANSI-APSP-112009-for-apsp-store.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

[25] Filter Backwash Recycling Rule. Technical Guidance Manual. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (4606M). EPA 816-R-02-014. www.epa.gov/safewater, 2002.Search in Google Scholar

[26] Aufbereitung von Schwimm und Badebeckenwasser (Water treatment for swimming and bathing pools). DIN 19643 1-4:2012-11. Berlin: Beuth-Verlag; 2012. www.beuth.de/de/norm/din-19643-1/164174095.Search in Google Scholar

[27] Łaskawiec E, Dudziak M, Wyczarska-Kokot J. Ocena skuteczności procesu koagulacji w oczyszczaniu popłuczyn z układu cyrkulacji wody basenowej (Evaluation of coagulation process effectiveness in purification of filter washings from swimming pool circulation system). Ochr Środ. 2018;40:57-60. http://www.os.not.pl/docs/czasopismo/2018/1-2018/Laskawiec_1-2018.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

[28] Guida M, Di Onofrio V, Gallè F, Gesuele R, Valeriani F, Liguori R, et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in swimming pool water: Evidences and perspectives for a new control strategy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;13(9):919. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13090919.10.3390/ijerph13090919503675227649225Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[29] Liguori G, Di Onofrio V, Gallè F, Liguori R, Nastro RA, Guida M. Occurrence of Legionella spp. in thermal environments: Virulence factors and biofilm formation in isolates from a spa. Microchem J. 2014;112:109-112. DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.09.023.10.1016/j.microc.2013.09.023Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[30] Suppes LM, Canales RA, Gerba CP, Reynolds KA. Cryptosporidium risk from swimming pool exposures. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2016;219:915-919. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.07.001.10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.07.00127432615Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[31] Wyczarska-Kokot J, Piechurski F. Application of nanosilver in swimming pool water treatment technology. Proceedings. 2017;2:175. DOI: 10.3390/ecws-2-04944.10.3390/ecws-2-04944Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[32] Dryden Aqua - Innovative water treatment technology https://www.drydenaqua.com.Search in Google Scholar

[33] Ediz N, Bentli I, Tatar I. Improvement in filtration characteristics of diatomite by calcination. Int J Miner Process. 2010;94:129-134. DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2010.02.004.10.1016/j.minpro.2010.02.004Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[34] Giaccobi S, Kromm FX, Wargnier H, Danis M. Filtration in materials selection and multi-materials design. Mater Des. 2010;31:1842-1847. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2009.11.005.10.1016/j.matdes.2009.11.005Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[35] Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 18 listopada 2014 r. w sprawie warunków, jakie należy spełnić przy wprowadzaniu ścieków do wód lub do ziemi (Regulation of Environment Minister of 18 November 2014, on conditions to be met when discharging sewage to waters or to the soil). DzU 2014, poz. 1800. http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WDU20140001800.Search in Google Scholar

[36] Directive 2006/118/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006L0118.Search in Google Scholar

[37] Directive 2008/105/EC of 16 December 2008 on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32008L0105.Search in Google Scholar

[38] Polish Standard PN-EN ISO 6222:2004 Water quality - Quantification of microorganisms capable of growth - Determination of the total number of colonies by culture on the nutrient agar. http://sklep.pkn.pl/pn-en-iso-6222-2004p.htm.Search in Google Scholar

[39] Łaskawiec E, Dudziak M, Wyczarska-Kokot J. Ultrafiltration for purification and treatment of water streams in swimming pool circuits. J Ecol Eng. 2018;19:38-44. DOI: 10.12911/22998993/85451.10.12911/22998993/85451Search in Google Scholar

[40] Korkosz A, Janczarek M, Aranowski R, Rzechula J, Hupka J. Efficiency of deep bed filtration in treatment of swimming pool water. Physicochem Probl Miner Process. 2010;44:103-113. http://www.minproc.pwr.wroc.pl/journal/pdf/2010/FPM%2044/KORKOSZ.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
1898-6196
Language:
English