<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p> Background: Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare and serious disease characterized by pancytopenia and hypoplastic bone marrow in the absence of infiltrates/fibrosis. It occurs more frequently in childhood and young adulthood (10-30 years) and with older age (>60 years), with equal distribution among men and women. As hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndromes (hMDS) are also associated with cytopenia and hypocellular marrow,they may be difficult to differentiate from AA. The presence of dysplastic features (others than erythroid) and/or blast cells >5% is essential to distinguish hMDS from AA. Cytogenetic tests may reveal clonal evolution in hMDS. As the two disorders differ greatly in means of management and prognosis, the correct diagnostic is very important. </p><p>Case presentation: We report the case of a 39 years old female diagnosed in 2005 (at age 29) with aplastic anemia. She received treatment with corticosteroids, Cyclosporine, blood transfusions and growth factors with partial response and no transfusion independency. After 8 years of evolution she developed dysplastic features within the megakaryocytic and granulocytic lineages and an increase in the blast population. The bone marrow slowly became hypercellular. The treatment with cyclosporine and growth factors was stopped.</p></abstract>

Background: Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare and serious disease characterized by pancytopenia and hypoplastic bone marrow in the absence of infiltrates/fibrosis. It occurs more frequently in childhood and young adulthood (10-30 years) and with older age (>60 years), with equal distribution among men and women. As hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndromes (hMDS) are also associated with cytopenia and hypocellular marrow,they may be difficult to differentiate from AA. The presence of dysplastic features (others than erythroid) and/or blast cells >5% is essential to distinguish hMDS from AA. Cytogenetic tests may reveal clonal evolution in hMDS. As the two disorders differ greatly in means of management and prognosis, the correct diagnostic is very important. Case presentation: We report the case of a 39 years old female diagnosed in 2005 (at age 29) with aplastic anemia. She received treatment with corticosteroids, Cyclosporine, blood transfusions and growth factors with partial response and no transfusion independency. After 8 years of evolution she developed dysplastic features within the megakaryocytic and granulocytic lineages and an increase in the blast population. The bone marrow slowly became hypercellular. The treatment with cyclosporine and growth factors was stopped.

Clonal evolution in a patient with aplastic anemia – case report

Department of Hemathology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania

University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania

Documenta Haematologica

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

{"article-title":"Clonal evolution in a patient with aplastic anemia \u2013 case report"}

Background: Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare and serious disease characterized by pancytopenia and hypoplastic bone marrow in the absence of...

Clonal evolution in a patient with aplastic anemia – case report

Published Online: Feb 12, 2016

Page range: 45 - 51

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/dch-2015-0004

Keywords
aplastic anemia, hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome

© 2016

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Clonal evolution in a patient with aplastic anemia – case report

Published Online: Feb 12, 2016

Page range: 45 - 51

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/dch-2015-0004

Keywordsaplastic anemia, hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome

© 2016

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Keywords
aplastic anemia, hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome