The New EURODAC Regulation: Fingerprints as a Source of Informal Discrimination

Aas, K. F. (2006), “‘The body does not lie’: Identity, risk and trust in technoculture,” Crime Media Culture, vol. 2, pp. 143-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174165900606540110.1177/1741659006065401Search in Google Scholar

Boehm, F. (2012a), ‘Data processing and law enforcement access to information systems at EU level,’ Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 339-343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11623-012-0131-510.1007/s11623-012-0131-5Search in Google Scholar

-- (2012b), Information Sharing and Data Protection in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice: Towards Harmonised Data Protection Principles for Information Exchange at EU-level, Berlin & Heidelberg: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22392-110.1007/978-3-642-22392-1Search in Google Scholar

Boehm, F. & Cole, M. D. (2014), Data Retention after the Judgement of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Retrieved from http://www.janalbrecht.eu/fileadmin/material/Dokumente/Boehm_Cole_-_Data_Retention_Study_-_June_2014.pdf [accessed 15 Mar 2015]Search in Google Scholar

Council of the European Union (2000), Council Regulation (EC) No. 2725/2000 of 11 December 2000 concerning the establishment of ‘Eurodac’ for the comparison of fingerprints for the effective application of the Dublin Convention, Official Journal of the European Union, L 316, 15.12.2000.Search in Google Scholar

-- (2008a), Policy Plan on Asylum-An Integrated Approach to Protection Across the EU, COM(2008) final 360, 17.6.2008.Search in Google Scholar

-- (2008b), Commission proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the establishment of EURODAC for the comparison of fingerprints for the effective application of Regulation (EC) No. […/…], COM(2008) 825, 3.12.2008.Search in Google Scholar

-- (2009), Note of the Meijers Committee, on the amended proposal for the Eurodac Regulation (COM(2009) 342) and the Decision on requesting comparisons with Eurodac Data for law enforcement purposes, 30.12.2009.Search in Google Scholar

-- (2012), Note by the Meijers Committee on the amended proposal for a Regulation on the establishment of EURODAC, COM(2012) 254, 10.10.2012.Search in Google Scholar

-- (2013), Council Regulation No. 603/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on the establishment of Eurodac for the comparison of fingerprints for the effective application of Council Regulation No. 604/2013, Official Journal of the European Union, L 180, 29.6.2013.Search in Google Scholar

EDPS (2010), Opinion of the European Data Protection Supervisor on the amended proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the establishment of ‘Eurodac’ for the comparison of fingerprints, Official Journal of the European Union, C 92, 10.4.2010.Search in Google Scholar

-- (2011), Opinion of the European Data Protection Supervisor on the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on migration, 7.7.2011.Search in Google Scholar

-- (2012), Opinion of the European Data Protection Supervisor on the amended proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of ‘Eurodac’ for the comparison of fingerprints for the effective application of Regulation (EU) No [603/2013] (Recast version), 5.9.2012.Search in Google Scholar

EURODAC (2013), EU Regulation 603/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 26 June 2013, on the establishment of ‘Eurodac’ for the comparison of fingerprints for the effective application of Regulation (EU) No. 604/2013 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national or a stateless person and on requests for the comparison with Eurodac data by Member States’ law enforcement authorities and Europol for law enforcement purposes, and amending Regulation (EU) No. 1077/2011 establishing a European Agency for the operational management of large-scale IT systems in the area of freedom, security and justice (recast), Official Journal of the European Union, L 180, 29.6.2013, pp. 1-30.Search in Google Scholar

Impact Asssessment (2009), Commission Staff Working Document Accompanying the amended proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the establishment of EURODAC and to the proposal for a Council decision on requesting comparisons with EURODAC data by Member States’ law enforcement authorities and Europol for law enforcement purposes, SEC(2009) 936, 10.9.2009.Search in Google Scholar

Farraj, A. (2010-2011), ‘Refugees and the biometric future: the impact of biometrics on refugees and asylum seekers,’ Columbia Human Rights Law Review, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 891-941.Search in Google Scholar

Kindt, E. J. (2013), Privacy and Data Protection Issues of Biometric Application: A Comparative Legal Analysis, Dordrecht, etc.: Springer.10.1007/978-94-007-7522-0Search in Google Scholar

Liu, Y. (2008), ‘Identifying legal concerns in the biometric context,’ Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 45-54.Search in Google Scholar

van der Ploeg, I. (1999), “The Illegal Body: ‘Eurodac’ and the Politics of Biometric Identification,” Ethics and Information Technology, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 295-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:101006461324010.1023/A:1010064613240Search in Google Scholar

Pugliese, J. (2013), ‘Technologies of Extraterritorialisation, Statist Visuality and Irregular Migrants and Refugees,’ Griffith Law Review, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 571-597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10383441.2013.1087701310.1080/10383441.2013.10877013Search in Google Scholar

Stefanou, C. & Xanthaki, H. (2008), Towards a European Criminal Record, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO978051149506910.1017/CBO9780511495069Search in Google Scholar

Thomas, R. (2005), ‘Biometrics, International Migrants and Human Rights,’ European Journal of Migration and Law, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 377-411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718160577629325510.1163/157181605776293255Search in Google Scholar

UNHCR (2012), An efficient and protective Eurodac: UNHCR comments on the Commission’s amended proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of Eurodac for the comparison of fingerprints for the effective application of the Dublin regulation [...], (2012 November).Search in Google Scholar

Retrieved from http://www.refworld.org/docid/50ad01b72.html [accessed 13 Mar 2015]Search in Google Scholar

-- (2013), Moving forward on asylum in the EU: UNHCR’s Recommendations to Ireland for its EU Presidency January-June 2013. Retrieved from http://www.unhcr.org/50e40d9f6.html [accessed 13 Mar 2015]Search in Google Scholar