Pulmonary thromboembolic disease – clinical and etiological aspects in internal medicine department

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) represents the third most frequent vascular disease following acute myocardial ischemic disease and stroke. It is a common and potentially lethal disease. Aim: We observed etiological spectrum, clinical aspects and diagnostic tests for patients with PE. Material and methods: Retrospective observational study that included 53 patients diagnosed with PE between 01.01.2009- 31.12.2013. We followed epidemiological aspects, risk factors, clinical manifestations and methods for positive diagnosis. Results: 53 patients which represents 0.66% from the patients admitted in our department (n=8,011), were diagnosed with PE. The main risk factor for PE was malignancy (n=16). Twenty patients with PE presented deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and 12 patients arterial thrombosis (AT). Main clinical syndromes of patients with PE were pulmonary infarction (n=32), isolated dyspnea (n=11) and circulatory collapse (n=10). A lot of paraclinical investigation sustained positive diagnosis,mainly by high performance techniques. Four cases were diagnosed postmortem.

Conclusions: Clinical diagnosis of PE has a low accuracy. Clinical evaluation, even unspecific has a considerable value in the selection of patients who needed further paraclinical diagnostic procedures.