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Fig. 1

Locations of the synoptic stations in Poland.
Locations of the synoptic stations in Poland.

Fig. 2

Share of days with particular Universal Thermal Climate Index categories during the year in selected stations in Poland in the period 1966–2020.
Share of days with particular Universal Thermal Climate Index categories during the year in selected stations in Poland in the period 1966–2020.

Fig. 3

Average annual number of days with strong and very strong heat stress (map on the left) and days with very strong and extreme cold stress (map on the right).
Average annual number of days with strong and very strong heat stress (map on the left) and days with very strong and extreme cold stress (map on the right).

Fig. 4

Number of days with strong and very strong heat stress in selected stations in the period 1966–2020.
Number of days with strong and very strong heat stress in selected stations in the period 1966–2020.

Fig. 5

Mean (A), anomaly maps of sea level pressure (SLP, hPa, colour shades) and z500 hPa (gpm · m−1, dashed lines) (B) and anomaly map of T850 (°C) (C) for days with strong and very strong heat stress in at least 10 stations in Poland.
Mean (A), anomaly maps of sea level pressure (SLP, hPa, colour shades) and z500 hPa (gpm · m−1, dashed lines) (B) and anomaly map of T850 (°C) (C) for days with strong and very strong heat stress in at least 10 stations in Poland.

Fig. 6

Mean (A), anomaly maps of sea level pressure (SLP, hPa, colour shades) and z500 hPa (gpm · m−1, dashed lines) (B) and anomaly map of T850 (°C) (C) for three circulation types (T1, T2 and T3) associated with strong and very strong heat stress in Poland.
Mean (A), anomaly maps of sea level pressure (SLP, hPa, colour shades) and z500 hPa (gpm · m−1, dashed lines) (B) and anomaly map of T850 (°C) (C) for three circulation types (T1, T2 and T3) associated with strong and very strong heat stress in Poland.

Fig. 7

Number of days with very strong and extreme cold stress in selected stations in the period 1966–2020.
Number of days with very strong and extreme cold stress in selected stations in the period 1966–2020.

Fig. 8

Mean (A), anomaly maps of sea level pressure (SLP, hPa, colour shades) (B) and z500 hPa (gpm · m−1, dashed lines) and anomaly map of T850 (°C) (C) for days with very strong and extreme cold stress in at least 10 stations in Poland.
Mean (A), anomaly maps of sea level pressure (SLP, hPa, colour shades) (B) and z500 hPa (gpm · m−1, dashed lines) and anomaly map of T850 (°C) (C) for days with very strong and extreme cold stress in at least 10 stations in Poland.

Fig. 9

Mean (A), anomaly maps of sea level pressure (SLP, hPa, colour shades) and z500 hPa (gpm · m−1, dashed lines) (B) and anomaly map of T850 (°C) (C) for three circulation types (T4, T5 and T6) associated with very strong and extreme cold stress in Poland.
Mean (A), anomaly maps of sea level pressure (SLP, hPa, colour shades) and z500 hPa (gpm · m−1, dashed lines) (B) and anomaly map of T850 (°C) (C) for three circulation types (T4, T5 and T6) associated with very strong and extreme cold stress in Poland.

Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) assessment scale of human heat stress (Błażejczyk et al. 2013a).

UTCI (°C) Stress category UTCI (°C) Stress category
>+46 Extreme heat stress 0 to +9 Slight cold stress
+38 to +46 Very strong heat stress −13 to 0 Moderate cold stress
+32 to +38 Strong heat stress −27 to −13 Strong cold stress
+26 to +32 Moderate heat stress −40 to −27 Very strong cold stress
+9 to +26 No thermal stress <−40 Extreme cold stress
eISSN:
2081-6383
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Geosciences, Geography