<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">We studied behaviour of large gulls recently marked with wing-tags at loafing sites at an inland refuse dump using focal birds. During the first 3-4 weeks after marking, wing-tagged gulls spent more time preening at the refuse dump than unmarked birds, which usually did not preen there, while no difference between those two groups was observed at other sites. The possible reasons for preening on the refuse dump are that marked gulls either avoided flying to the loafing water because wing-tags impaired their flight, or showed displacement behaviour.</abstract>

Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Zoologie und Neurobiologie, Ruhr-Universität, 44780 Bochum, Germany

Wing-Tagging Temporarily Affects Time Budgets of Large Gulls

<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Avifauna of shola and semi-evergreen forest patches belonging to three different sanctuaries and National Parks in the southern part of Western Ghat range of Tamil Nadu and Kerala was studied. Altogether 36 species from 17 families were recorded. One globally threatened species (<italic>A1</italic>), two restricted range species (<italic>A2</italic>) and one Palearctic-Asian migrant species have been recorded from forest edges during the relatively short study period. The highest population density of 47.59 ind./ha at Varagaliar Shola was followed by 43.69 ind./ha at Anapaddy, 27.53 ind./ha at Karian Shola, and 23.25 ind./ha at Punnumalai Shola. As Punnumalai Shola is least disturbed by human activity it got the highest number of avian families (15) and was followed by Karian Shola (9) and Vargaliar Shola and Anapaddy - 8 in both cases. Punnumalai Shola having varied bird families showed lower dominance (0.075) and higher evenness value (0.957). In contrast, the edge of semi-evergreen forest at Anapaddy, although very much disturbed by various human activities, showed almost comparable diversity value (2.890) to that of Punnumalai Shola (2.913). More open canopy and much vegetational intergradations at the ecotone of semi-evergreen biotope inherently shelter avian community of high diversity. Conversely, the edges of Karian Shola and Varagaliar Shola having much anthropogenic interferences and with edges showing much lower intergradations of vegetations, exhibited a low avian diversity.</abstract>

Govt. College of Engineering and Leather Technology, Kolkata-700098, West Bengal, India

Durgapur Govt. College, Durgapur-713214, West Bengal, India

Comparison of Avifauna at the Edges of Contrasting Forest Patches in Western Ghat Hills of India

<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Breeding biology, age structure and other population parameters of the Common Rosefinch, collected on the Courish Spit of the Baltic Sea, are presented. The results are compared with similar population characteristic in different parts of the range. All materials, especially the proportion of breeding yearling males, are discussed in connection with the process of range expansion of the species. The expectation of greater proportion of yearling males in new areas did not proved.</abstract>

Breeding and Demographic Parameters and Range Expansion of the Common Rosefinch (<italic>Carpodacus erythrinus</italic>)

<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">In this paper we suggest two new indices that can be used to estimate passerines' wing area. The first is a simplified index that considers wing pointedness and the width of each primary, the second is an extended index that also considers the length of the forearm. Using the Blue Tit as an example, we show that the sum of the width of all remiges is correlated with the maximum length of the folded wing (<italic>rp</italic> = 0.42, <italic>p</italic> = 0.020, <italic>N</italic> = 30). The length of the ulna is correlated with the maximum length of the folded wing (<italic>rp</italic> = 0.56, <italic>p</italic> = 0.005, <italic>N</italic> = 24). The two indices were derived from measurements of the wing length and the wing formula of birds caught at ringing stations. The indices can be used to analyse materials the stations have collected over the past 50 years. We also discuss how these indices can be applied in intra- and interspecific comparisons and to data collected using different standard methods.</abstract>

An Index to Estimate the Wing Area in A Small Passerine, Using the Blue Tit (<italic>Cyanistes caeruleus</italic>) As A Case Study

<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">In addition, it is of high importance to have statistics on seasonal transcontinental bird migrations in order to perform long-term planning of air traffic, especially in the areas crowded with aircraft.We analysed the radar data collected over several years, and on this basis determined the main statistical characteristics of daytime bird flights over central Israel, including: (1) average and maximum flight altitudes, (2) time of the day and the season when bird migration is especially intensive, (3) dominating directions and velocities of flights.It was found that average daily altitude maximums of bird flights (in relation to the sea level) were within the range of 1200-3500 m in autumn, and within the range of 1000-2700 m in spring. The absolute flight maximum reached 4300 m in autumn and 3700 m in spring. In autumn, flight altitudes were higher than in spring.The altitudes of maximum bird concentrations reached 600 m in autumn, and only in rare cases rose to 650 m, while in spring the corresponding figures were 500 and 600 m. Both in spring and in autumn, the average altitude of maximum bird concentration was located within the range of 250-400 m.The dominant flight direction for day migration was 190-220° in autumn and 10-50° in spring.In our study, we did not observe any pronounced impact of wind direction on the direction of bird flights, neither close to the ground level nor at the height of 600 m. In Israel, both in autumn and in spring, the winds have a distinct occidental component, and at the height of 600 m the dominant wind directions are W-NW in autumn and W-SW in spring, <italic>i.e.</italic> at the angle of approximately 90° in relation to the directions of seasonal bird migrations.The average ground-speed of seasonal migrations was found to be 14 m/s in spring and 15 m/s in autumn, the minimum and maximum ground-speed values of 8 and 18 m/s, respectively. At the same time, average monthly grounds-speed values at the altitude of 600 m, at 11.00 <italic>a.m.</italic> local time, were found to be within the range of 4-7 m/s in autumn and 3-6 m/s in spring.The peak of day migration intensity was observed within the time interval from 12.00 to 1.00 <italic>p.m.</italic> The spring migration started at the beginning of March, reached its monthly peak in April and came to the end in late May. The autumn migration started at the middle of August, reached its monthly peak in September and came to the end in November.The results obtained in the present study should be applied for ensuring air-traffic safety in periods of bird migration and also can be of special interest for ornithologists.</abstract>

Some Characteristics of Daytime Bird Migration in Israel: Radar Monitoring Data

<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The aim of this study is to determine biometrical differentiation among Dunnocks caught at the two ringing sites (Bukowo-Kopań and Mierzeja Wiślana) located on the southern Baltic coast. The distance between those two stations covers 190 km. The material was collected during autumn fieldwork of the Operation Baltic in 1961-2003. The material used for biometrical analysis comprises only immature birds from the period of the most intensive migration, when the numbers of caught individuals allowed to compare the results for both stations. The seasonal dynamics at both sites was pooled for 43 years of catching. Medians of autumn migration for the stations were significantly different. A shift of the median for the eastern site (Mierzeja Wiślana) by 6 days after the median for the western site (Bukowo-Kopań) suggested different origins of birds migrating through the stations. The analysis of standard deviations for the studied biometrical parameters confirms an intra-seasonal change in proportions of birds probably originating from different areas in Europe.</abstract>

Autumn Migration Dynamics and Biometrical Differentiation of the Dunnock (<italic>Prunella modularis</italic>) Passing the Southern Baltic Coast

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The Ring

 The on-line version of the journal is a primary one to the printed edition. The Ring is an international journal dealing with problems of bird ringing, migration and monitoring bird numbers. The main fields of interest are original papers, review articles and methodical discussions. Information, progress reports, personal comments and short notes or news are also accepted to the informative columns of the journal. Although papers are refereed, conclusions, opinions and discussion are published on the author's responsibility. Innovative and even controversial ideas are appreciated.  Why subscribe and read  Excellent source of high quality research on bird migration; original articles on:   migration strategies (long jumps vs. short jumps; stopover ecology; fattening strategy; obligatory vs. partial migration, etc.);  migratory patterns (breeding/wintering areas and flyways; migration dynamics and phenology, distances and migration speed, etc.);  populational differentiation of migrating birds (incl. mechanisms isolating different populations, morphological differentiation and morphometrics studies, etc.);  long-term monitoring of migratory bird populations.   Why submit   transparent, comprehensive and fast peer review,  innovative ideas are appreciated.   Rejection Rate   About 10%   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 

The Ring

Volume 30 (2008): Issue 1-2 (December 2008)

Wing-Tagging Temporarily Affects Time Budgets of Large Gulls

Comparison of Avifauna at the Edges of Contrasting Forest Patches in Western Ghat Hills of India

Breeding and Demographic Parameters and Range Expansion of the Common Rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus)

An Index to Estimate the Wing Area in A Small Passerine, Using the Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) As A Case Study

Some Characteristics of Daytime Bird Migration in Israel: Radar Monitoring Data

Autumn Migration Dynamics and Biometrical Differentiation of the Dunnock (Prunella modularis) Passing the Southern Baltic Coast

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