<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The purpose of this paper is to investigate the complexity of the COVID-19 crisis by using the grounded theory approach. It is a new approach based on a data set constituted from published papers, reports delivered by official organizations or research institutes, working papers, and public information in media. Each of these documents presents data, information, knowledge, and ideas, usually from a single perspective. The present research uses the method of grounded theory and constructs an integrated model of analysis that explores the complexity of the global crisis induced by COVID-19. For the present research, the data were extracted from published papers focused on different aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic induced economic crisis. That means a meta-analysis of the initial quantitative data but performed from a semantic perspective. The findings show that COVID-19 induced economic crisis is a complex phenomenon that is influenced directly and indirectly by the health system crisis, governmental policies, and behavior of people. The integrated model we got can be used as a tool in a further investigation for a deeper understanding of the complexity of COVID-19. The originality of this paper comes from creating a meta-analysis with the grounded theory of different aspects investigated in a series of papers and constructing a dynamic model capable of approaching the complexity of this Black Swan phenomenon.</abstract>

Toward understanding the complexity of the COVID-19 crisis: a grounded theory approach

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The COVID-19 crisis exposed the vulnerability and poor resilience of the global supply chains. The objective of this research is to reflect on the possible impacts of the Coronavirus crisis in the global supply chains and provide some recommendations to overcome the present situation, offering suggestions for future research: (1) What are the contingency factors affecting Supply Chains in the complex COVID-19 operating environment? (2) How do these factors affect post-COVID-19 operating performance? After a contextualization of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and its impacts, theoretical background on Supply Chains and Supply Chain Management are presented, and a summary of the main scenarios for the post-COVID-19 crisis are discussed. The propositions regarding the contingency factors and their impact on the Supply Chain operating performance in post-COVID-19 suggest that successful companies will focus on creating a new kind of operational performance and minimize risks. To that end, companies will aim to improve their operations’ resilience (ability to resist, hold on, and recover from shocks) and accelerate the end-to-end digital transformation. Consumers will have to adapt to the contact-free economy, less low-cost supply chains, and put additional emphasis on service levels. Governments will reinforce the focus in the health sector supply chain and increase spending in the health and social care sectors. Furthermore, the longer, the more concentrated, the less transparent, and the more price sensitivity is the supply chain, the more challenging the adaptation to the new pos pandemic realities. Suggestions for future research are also provided.</abstract>

COVID- 19: outcomes for Global Supply Chains

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">COVID-19 has created an un-precedent crisis for SMEs and challenged each single enterprise to reconsider its business operations and to adapt to the new unexpected circumstances. The present paper aims to explore the resilience measures that the micro and small enterprises in Romania can consider to dealing with the disruptions caused by the pandemic. A questionnaire-based survey was used to collect data from a sample of micro and small enterprises operating in the central part of the country. An exploratory factor analysis was employed to identify underlying variables that explain the pattern of correlations between the resilience measures for enterprises, which help them cope with the pandemic effects. There are seventeen resilience measures to the pandemic included in the analysis and further tested in the paper. In addition, a multiple linear regression was conducted to determine which of the resilience measures has the most impact on the enterprises’ overcoming illness. The results show that in order for the micro and small enterprises to better cope with the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic they should demonstrate, on the first place, openness to production innovation and adaptation and ensure a strong support for customers and communities. On the second place, efforts should be directed toward ensuring efficiency of their internal operational management and worker protection. While there exist external circumstances that lead enterprises to adopt several resilience measures to better respond to the pandemic, the motivations that are most relevant in this decision are generally internal in nature.</abstract>

UNESCO Department for Business Administration

Resilience measures to dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic Evidence from Romanian micro and small enterprises

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">During the COVID pandemic, many companies, schools, and public organizations all around the world asked their employees to work from home i.e. to adopt what are called “smart working” modalities. This has and will presumably have a serious impact on both employees and employers, which still needs to be clarified and investigated: indeed, if smart working becomes a common working modality, this may have a significant impact on both organizations and employees. This paper reports the results of an online survey of “smart workers” in Italy during the COVID pandemic, when a great number of employees suddenly moved to working from home with no or little preparation. The study offers interesting indications about the involvement and usefulness perception of smart working by the sampled people and makes it possible to single out different categories of employees based on their attitude towards this modality. Also, it points out the potential impact on socialization among colleagues, and the consequent implications for knowledge sharing and knowledge management. From the collected responses, a fully positive or negative conclusion about working from home was not possible, nor a clear indication about the efficiency and effectiveness of this working modality. The analysis, instead, highlighted the presence of different but numerically similar groups of people, i.e. those who were not satisfied at all with the experience, those who were very satisfied, and those who were “undecided”. Furthermore, respondents underlined the importance and the difficulty to maintain working contacts and the intense use of communication systems made for this purpose. Lastly, collected opinions on positive and negative aspects of working from home provided some practical suggestions about how to successfully implement this solution.</abstract>

Working from home during COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned and issues

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">In this paper we analyse the situation of the Portuguese Economy referring to the Covid-19. We start by contextualizing in the problematic “Bubble – Miracle” as described by Tomé, 2018. We then analyse the current situation in a Macroeconomic way, according to eight specific questions, and then we specify regarding four sectors, namely tourism, education, the public sector, and the industrial sector. We conclude that the Covid-19 is the ultimate and unexpected test to the Portuguese economy, and that it will contribute to solving the “Bubble vs. Miracle” question. Rather curiously, we believe that the Covid-19 will accelerate the change to the “Miracle” society, because solving the crisis will require changes that will direct the society towards the “Miracle” paradigm and will distance Portugal from the old and “Bubble” one.</abstract>

Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University

Did the Bubble Burst? The Portuguese Economy During COVID-19

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This research aims to study the acceptance of the online technology of Thai people in Generation-Z during the incidence of COVID-19 disease. During this period, Thai people must quarantine themselves at home or work from home to prevent the outbreak of this disease and must comply with the laws of the Thai government. The researchers are interested in the Generation Z population because they are highly interested in technology. Previous literature and research used multiple models of acceptance and use of technology such as the Technology Acceptance Model, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model. This study adapted various variables from many models in the past, including personal innovativeness, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, trust, and behavioral intention to use technology. The research uses questionnaires as a research tool. 457 usable questionnaires from online data collection were used for data analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed. The researcher tested the hypothesis by assessment of the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model. Research findings found that the behavioral intention to use online technology during COVID-19 disease is predicted by three key factors including performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and trust. Effort expectancy positively influences performance expectancy. In addition, personal innovativeness and the trust of users directly significantly affect performance expectancy and effort expectancy. The researcher suggests that the management level can use the findings in the planning of the organization’s management or marketers can utilize the results for the marketing strategy of the organization.</abstract>

The Online Technology Acceptance Model of Generation-Z People in Thailand during COVID-19 Crisis

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The research trends after COVID-19 pandemic will be changing and more challenging. This study is aimed to review the trends of marketing research in the first semester of 2020. There are three parts of this analysis. First, review was made to summarize the trend of research domain and model. Second, the trend of data collection method is also synthesized. Third, trends of data analysis method are being categorized. Result shows that before COVID-19 outbreak, research model in marketing studies was dominated by Literature Review articles (systematic, integrative, and meta-analysis), and also Experimental Studies on various consumer behaviour topics. In term of data collection methods, Purposive Sampling and Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) are two approaches that popularly used by the researchers. On the trend of data analysis method, ANOVA, Regression, and Qualitative Analysis are three popular methods which used among the studies. Future research agendas after the pandemic are also discussed in this study.</abstract>

Research Trends in Marketing Science Before COVID-19 Outbreak: A Literature Review

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The pandemic COVID-19 has severely affected the global economy. The strict lockdown measures have also changed the daily live, including consumer behavior in retail banking. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on consumer behavior in retail banking, with a special focus on the Romanian banking sector. To achieve our goal, we performed a survey among the Romanian consumers in retail banking, using as research method the field survey based on questionnaire. The final sample comprised 738 valid responses from the metropolitan area retail banking consumers. The research brings a fresh insight on retail banking services consumption during the pandemic and validates a conceptual model regarding the internet and mobile banking services acceptance. The research’ results highlighted, among others, that the variable concerning the perception of the COVID-19 pandemic effect on consumers’ lifestyle has a direct and positive influence on the variable regarding the attitude toward internet and mobile banking services, mediated by other variables like safety of internet and mobile banking use and trust in banks. Several social and managerial implications are also discussed, because it is possible that the tendency to use internet and mobile banking services will prevail even after the post pandemic stage, as new consumption behavior models are developing. Banks in Romania should increase their initiatives to offer financial education courses and online tutorials to familiarize customers with the use of digital channels. Banks should also improve communication with clients and design new products and services to increase the attractiveness of saving process. They should demonstrate flexibility in negotiating lending and refinancing conditions as well.</abstract>

Institute for World Economy, Romanian Academy

Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration

The impact of COVID-19 on consumer behavior in retail banking. Evidence from Romania

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