<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Rutting and Fatigue are taken as main premature failures among all distresses, as these distresses have wide effect on performance of pavement. Sudden variation of heavy axle loaded vehicles, improper mix design and traditional design methodologies used in pavement design industries are major factors behind these failures. For proper performance and good serviceability, these premature distresses should be resisted. Thus, there is a need of using a Mechanistic based design methodology like KENPAVE software, so that traditional design errors should be overcome. KENLAYER is a part of KENPAVE software. KENLYER software tool is utilized to calculated accurately stresses and strains in asphaltic pavement that are ultimately used in calculating allowance for rutting and fatigue failure utilizing Asphalt Institute design models or formulas. Resistance to Rutting failure is checked by calculating vertical compressive stress at the top of soil sub-grade layer, while resistance to fatigue failure is checked by calculating horizontal tensile strain at the bottom of asphaltic layer using KENLAYER software tool. Thus, the object of this research study is to analyze a flexible pavement with respect to rutting and fatigue distresses using KENLAYER software tool. For achieving that objective NHA (N-55) section of road in Sehwan Pakistan was taken as a reference pavement. Pavement was analyzed by altering the thicknesses of bituminous courses by ± 25 percent. From that we obtained total 20 cross-sections to be analyzed using KENLAYER software in terms of Rutting and Fatigue premature failures.</abstract>

Fatigue and Rutting Analysis of Asphaltic Pavement Using “KENLAYER” Software

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The article presents aspects related to the calculation of heat loss through the pipes of the interior central heating system. The purpose of the article is to detail the local heat losses in case of central heating systems. Based on the conclusions of the article, we propose the modification of the calculation methodology related to the building energy audit.</abstract>

Calculation Of Heat Loss Through The Pipes Of The Interior Central Heating System

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Dams are considered as strategic structures due to their initial role in economic system of the country, therefore, they are expected to be fully functional and powerful. Nano technology could be an effective factor of abrasion and compressive strength, porosity and hydraulic conductivity coefficient of the concrete, thus more scientific research is essential to be carried out on these types of concrete due to their quite modern and high technology. In the current study, the effects of water-cement ratio on compressive and abrasion strength, porosity and hydraulic conductivity coefficient of concrete was investigated. The constructed concrete samples with 4% Nano-silica and water-cement ratios of 0.35 to 0.55 were tested. Other design features remained fixed in all concrete samples. The compressive strength of block samples of 150×150×150 mm were assessed in terms of time lasting 7, 28 and 90 days. The abrasion strength of the identical block samples were tested after 28 days. The hydraulic conductivity coefficient of cylindrical shape samples with the diameter 150 mm and height of 300 mm were experimented after 28 days. The results of the experiments indicated that by reducing the water-cement ratio from 0.55 to 0.35, the compressive strength increased 37.13, 40.14 and 38.22% for 7, 28 and 90 days age samples respectively and abrasion strength of concrete increased 38.22% and the hydraulic conductivity coefficient (m/s) and depth of penetration (mm) of the concrete decreased from 27.76×10−15 and 2.756 to 1.5×10−15 and 0.784 respectively. In addition porosity decreased from 12.76 to 11.22%.</abstract>

Experimental Evaluation of the Effect of Water-Cement Ratio on Compressive, Abrasion Strength, Hydraulic Conductivity Coefficient and Porosity of Nano-Silica Concretes

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The paper presents a first experimental version of the original QGIS plugin QWaveTransposition that numerically implements the geographic transposition of wave gauge data method proposed by Contini and De Girolamo (1998) for offshore wave hindcasting. The method allows one to transfer wave data measured at a given gauging station to a virtual station located offshore the area of interest, by comparing the effective fetches at both stations. The QWaveTransposition plugin was implemented in Python programming language, including the NumPy package for numerical computations. A graphical user interface was developed to manage the input/output data and model parameters. The fetch geometry at real and virtual stations can be imported by selecting appropriate vector layers from the QGIS map. An application to a sample site in southern Italy is presented for example purposes.</abstract>

A QGIS Plugin for Offshore Wave Hindcasting Based on Geographic Transposition of Wave Gauge Data

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>In ancient structures such as Jabalieh dome at Kerman and Dokhtar Bridge at Mianeh in Iran, it was said that egg and in some cases egg and camel milk were used in the mortar. Thus, it was imagined that the stability of these structures were based on these traditional materials. Therefore egg parts and also camel milk were used as a portion of water in the concrete to evaluate this traditional theory. For this purpose, 16 concrete mix designs included 144 cubes, 16 cylinders and 16 prisms were casted. Various percentages of albumen, yolk or camel milk were used. Results showed that by substituting 0.5% of water content with albumen, compressive strength was similar to control specimen. But splitting tensile strength and three-point flexural strength were 7.2% and 18.9% higher than control specimen, respectively. Moreover, because of camel milk’s fat, usage of this material was not suggested.</abstract>

Performance of Concrete by Using Albumen, Yolk and Milk

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The problem of delay is a regular phenomenon in construction projects all around the world and the Malaysian building projects has no exclusion. The aim of this paper is to determine and rank the effects of delay in Malaysian building projects with respect to their Relative Importance Index. Literature review and questionnaire survey were used to gather data for this study. A thorough literature review was performed to identify the common effects of delays in building construction projects. A questionnaire was distributed among key project participants; contractors, clients and consultants, to rank the effects of delay in Malaysian building projects based on the perception of survey respondents. In total 300 questionnaires were distributed, as a result of 240 questionnaires were received. The collected data of questionnaire survey was analysed using statistical software SPSS. In total, 17 effects of the delays have been determined and findings from the survey revealed that time overrun, cost overrun, dispute, loss of profit, arbitration, claims, contract termination, litigation, poor quality of work, and total project abandonment were the main effects of delay in Malaysian building projects. The findings of this study might encourage construction stakeholders to focus on the issue of delays in building projects.</abstract>

Ranking of Effects of Construction Delay: Evidence from Malaysian Building Projects

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The fatigue behaviour of bituminous layers must be taken into account when dimensioning road structures and projecting streets. To satisfy this fatigue criterion, laboratory tests must be used to determine the material characteristics and fatigue life of bituminous mixtures. The aim of this article is to study the crack initiation stage using a specific laboratory test: the two-point constant strain bending fatigue test on trapezoidal specimens. The laboratory tests were carried out on three types of bituminous mixes used in the wearing course, each containing successively two different types of bitumen (one imported and one Romanian). The conclusions drawn from this article refer to the influence of mix type and bitumen on the characteristics obtained.
</abstract>

Estimation of Asphalt Mixture Fatigue Behaviour Using the Two-Point Bending Test

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Waste Glass Powder (WGP) could be used as a cement replacement additive to manufacture concrete and solving the problem of environmental pollution. This article presents a numerical modeling of the thermo-mechanical behavior of a reinforced concrete beam based on an addition of 20% of the powder glass as a substitute for cement powder with modeling of concrete-steel contact using ANSYS software. To do this, a reinforced concrete beam based on glass powder is modeling in three dimensions by the finite element method (FEM) and it is subject to thermal loading during 2 hours in order to simulate the thermo thermo-mechanical response of the beam element. ANSYS provides a three-dimensional element (SOLID65) with the nonlinear model of brittle materials similar to the concrete materials. The element features a smeared crack analogy for cracking in tension zones and a plasticity algorithm to take into account the concrete crushing in compression zones.
</abstract>

Coupled Thermo Mechanical of Wasteglass Powder Reinforced Concrete Beam Subjected to Fire Loads

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Sluice and radial gates are common devices used to control flow in closed conduits. In high-head gated conduits, the high-velocity flow exiting the gate drags and entrains a lot of air. If the air demand of the flow is not met, the pressure drop downstream of the gate will cause structural damage or cavitation. Typically, an air vent is installed immediately downstream of the gate to supply sufficient air to the flow. In this study, the effect of the conduit gate type on the air-demand ratio was investigated. The results showed that the gate type had a very significant effect on the air-demand ratio. Significantly higher air-demand ratios were observed in the conduit with a sluice gate compared to the conduit with a radial gate. The results obtained will be useful in future modeling and design processes.
</abstract>

Role of Gate Type in the Air-Demand Ratio in Closed Conduits

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The techniques and tools developed for geodetic determinations have made it possible, over the past half century, to carry out measurements using global navigation satellite systems. As the accuracy and precision of positioning solutions, such as Fast Static and RTK, improve through technological advances, more applications will become available that can provide users with positioning information over time, autonomously verify the integrity of transmitted data, and ensure sufficient accuracy for their intended purposes. In our study for the interpretation, analysis, and visualization of raw and/or processed RINEX GNSS data recorded over time at a geodetic point using the information available from the Fast Static technique, we used the GeoRinex library from the Python programming language. This library converts data to xarray.data set, for easy use in processing parameter sets, from Rinex files: of ROMPOS reference stations and of the new B10 point resulting from measurements using the Fast Static technique: pseudorange (C1, C2, P1, P2....), carrier phase (L1, L2,…), doppler (D1, D2....) and signal strength (S1, S2....). All this information will help us to analyse and interpret the degradation of the parameters associated with Rinex version 2.11 epoch positioning files 12.02.2023, time interval 12:00-14:00 (fast static) and to understand their accuracy and behavior in different environments. Based on this study, our aim was to evaluate the error in determining the positioning accuracy of the B10 point located in a crowded and heavily trafficked area, which allows sufficient coverage of the GNSS satellites.
</abstract>

Analyzing Rinex Data Files Using the Python Programming Language

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The need to optimize the operation of photovoltaic modules inevitably arises with the development of green energy production technology. In order to achieve a good technological yield, durability and efficiency in production, continuous studies and innovations are required. This study focuses on simulating the operation of water-cooled and uncooled PV modules in order to understand the temperature-dependent PV operation. This cooling module consists, in the first phase, of a copper coil through which water circulates, and in the second phase, of a coolant distributor/collector system. The module is attached to the lower surface of the photovoltaic panel, respectively to the teller foil layer. For this simulation we used the Ansys software package (Discovery, Fluent and Space Claim).
</abstract>

catalin-george.popovici@academic.tuiasi.ro

valeriu-sebastian.hudisteanu@academic.tuiasi.ro

florin-emilian.turcanu@academic.tuiasi.ro

Numerical Simulation of Improving the Efficienty of Photovoltaic Thermal Panels

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The construction and development of international transport corridors have become a means of cross-border space governance, promoting the flexibility of international industrial chains and supply chains. Due to the uncertainty of cooperation, the development of international transport corridors entails a long-term and complex system of engineering. Transport corridors can generate wider economic benefits and costs through their effects on a potentially diverse set of development outcomes, such as economic growth, poverty, jobs, equity, environmental quality, and economic resilience. The focus on roads, rails, and waterways is justified, as transport corridors based on these modes have clearer potential for economic spillovers than, for example, airline routes. The current paper describes a multi-method approach involving spatial and non-spatial analysis to investigate spatial disparity along a proposed corridor and examine its integration within the existing settlement structure. The conceptual structure for the review is guided by a simple canonical model describing the policy maker’s problem in maximizing the net wider economic benefits of corridors. The meta-analysis confirms that characteristics of individual studies, as well as the placement and design of transport infrastructures, systematically influence the findings of corridor studies. It also shows that, on average, estimated impacts of corridor interventions on economic welfare and equity tend to be beneficial, while they are often detrimental to environmental quality, and possibly also to social inclusion.
</abstract>

Economic Growth and Spatial Analysis in Transport Corridors: A Preliminary Review

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>In the case of realized geotechnical monitoring (GTM) of reinforced retaining wall in difficult geological conditions is demonstrated the important role at realisation of transport infrastructures, which are often realized in insufficient quality due to inappropriate geotechnical parameters from survey works or not fitted well design of structure at certain conditions. This can result in large deformations of structure, or losing stability or structure life-time is very limited and remediation work is complicated and expensive. There was built on the modernized railway line Bratislava – Trenčín, closed to Zlatovce, overpass and connected road embankments on the route of first class I/61. Structure was designed as a bridge over the railway track before the northern portal of the railway tunnel Turecký vrch was open. A part of the embankment and overpass was a retaining wall reinforced by geosynthetics. The results of the geotechnical monitoring of this wall were afterwards simulated using finite element method (FEM) and results of this comparison are the scope of this article.</abstract>

Importance of Results Obtained from Geotechnical Monitoring for Evaluation of Reinforced Soil Structure – Case Study

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>From various other studies, it is known that the maximum carbon dioxide concentration in different countries is between 1,000 ppm up to 1,500 ppm. Therefore, the research is focused on indoor environment, namely the production of pollutants from the persons inside office rooms. The article presents the trend of the carbon dioxide concentration from the occupants inside an office. It is examined the carbon dioxide production separately for men and women, for persons of different mass and for persons of different ages. It is also analyzed the carbon dioxide production during a sedentary and physical activities. In parallel with the production of carbon dioxide is presented the monitoring of the human pulse and blood pressure. All these parameters are monitored together with relative humidity and indoor air temperature. The aims of this paper is to describe the partial results of human respiration impact on indoor air quality in closed spaces and to research the connection between carbon dioxide concentration and human health.</abstract>

The Impact of Carbon Dioxide Concentration on the Human Health - Case Study

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) presently utilized as a part of special structures subjected to dynamic loads for example airport pavements, expressways overlays, bridge decks and machine foundations. In most cases, FRC contains just a single kind of fibre. The utilization of at least two kinds of fibres in an appropriate mix can possibly improve the mechanical properties of concrete and result in performance synergy. The audit demonstrates that the blend of fibre allows a more powerful control of the dynamic crack development. This review analyses the components for synergistic impacts that gives direction on the fiber and matrix choice.</abstract>

A Review of Fiber Synergy in Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Romania, due to its historical background, has many vestigial belongings to the cultural heritage, out of which the most noticeable (by number, age, architecture, symbolism and representation) are the wooden churches. Under these circumstances the role of the current study is to emphasize certain practical aspects (focused on the need to assess, preserve, restore and valorize) regarding the use of modern technology based on photogrammetry and 3D scanning. The case study was represented by the “Saint Martyrs Constantin Brȃncoveanu and His Sons” wooden church from Oradea Municipality, Bihor County, Romania; the edifice being included on the list of historical monuments ever since 2010. The final goal being to create 3D models for both the exterior and interior of the monument for research, restoration in case of need, sharing for education, entertainment, tourism purposes etc.</abstract>

3D Modeling of the Cultural Heritage: Between Opportunity and Necessity

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The construction industry consumes a large quantity of cement, which therefore leads to a high CO2 emission due to the cement manufacture. The partial replacement of cement by supplementary cementations materials (SCMs) is considered as the most promising alternative to reduce the environmental impact of this industry. This investigation aims to evaluate the performance of calcinated clay (calcined bentonite at 850 °C) used as partial replacement of cement in cement-based mortar. The evaluated performances include the physico-chemical and mechanical properties, as well as microstructural characteristics.. Various characterization tests, including laser granulometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) have been investigated. In addition, the hardened properties of different mortar mixtures were also investigated. Mortar mixtures incorporating different calcinated clay percentages corresponding to 8, 10, 12, and 14%, by mass of total binder content, were proportioned. Termogravimetric analysis (TGA) and its derivative (DTG), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and microstructural (Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) analysis were carried out on samples of mortar mixtures. Furthermore, the 28-d hardened properties were assessed to assess the pozzolanic activity of the investigated mixtures. Strength activity index (SAI), DSC, and TGA analyzes are presented. The obtained results showed that all the mixtures exhibited adequate pozzolanic activity conforming to the ASTM C618 specifications.
</abstract>

Calcinated Bentonite as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Cement-Based Mortar

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Cement is a common and widespread building material over the world. Similarly, carbon dioxide emissions have been significantly increased due to cement production. Alternative low-carbon binders rather than cement have been progressively sought in recent years. Fly ash was found as an available option, since it is being largely disposed annually as a waste material. In this research several studies have been reviewed and recent applications of fly ash on concrete specification, including strength and fracture toughness of green concrete have been perused. Furthermore, transport properties of high volume fly ash after exposure to high temperature and influence of curing temperature on strength development of fly ash-recycled concrete aggregate blends have been investigated. The investigated test results showed that the properties of composites incorporating fly ash depend on the age of the concrete. Test results also revealed that transport properties of concrete increased notably after exposure to 400cº and the results achieved on fly ash-recycled concrete aggregate led to the conclusion that 15% FA is the optimum blend for road stabilization applications.</abstract>

Effects of Fly Ash on Mechanical Properties of Concrete

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 Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences (JAES) is a peer-reviewed, electronic and printed journal that publishes original, high-quality...