<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><italic>Momordica cochinchinensis</italic>, or Gac fruit belongs to Cucurbitaceae family. Although this species is considered to be native in Southeast Asia especially in Vietnam, Thailand and Laos, it is still contemplated as a rare and new fruit species in Malaysia. Availability of this species is very limited in Malaysia hence, the raw material for researches is also in short supply. Currently, Gac fruit is utilized as traditional food, health supplements, food colouring and juices. Gac fruit was discovered to have high value pharmaceutically and economically as it had been recognized as a rich source of bioactive compounds. On that account, this study aimed to generate preliminary data on the morphological characterisation and phytochemical composition which focused on β-carotene and lycopene content of Gac fruit aril. This data could be useful for further researches particularly on breeding improvement of Gac fruit. The morphological characterisation was mainly based on both vegetative and reproductive parts of the plant. Both β-carotene and lycopene content of aril was analysed and estimated using UV-Vis Spectroscopy technique. The aril was extracted using mixed solvent of n-hexane 95%, ethanol 99.9% and acetone 99% with ratio of 2:1:1 v/v/v. Furthermore, morphological data of root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit and seeds were also successfully recorded. Besides that, the β-carotene and lycopene content obtained were 0.117 ± 0.011 mg/g FW and 0.021 ± 0.002 mg/g FW, respectively. Discrepancy in the results might be due to numerous factors like collection sites, level of maturity at harvest, storage and processing conditions, analysis techniques and type of solvent extractors used that might have affected the quality and contents of the carotenoid. Several suggestions for extension of this study had been propounded so that the benefits of this species could be exploited in the best possible ways.</abstract>

Preliminary Morphological and Phytochemical Evaluation of <italic>Momordica cochinchinensis</italic> Spreng

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Studies on the adsorption of Pb(II) on plantain peels biochar (PPB) was conducted. The carbonized and activated, biochar was characterized using Braunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and x-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD). BET analysis of the PPB indicated that the pore size (cc/g) and pore surface area (m2/g) was 8.79 and 16.69 respectively. Result of the XRD evaluated through Debye-Scherrer equation, showed a nanostructure with crystallite size of 14.56 nm. Effects of initial metal ion concentration, pH, and contact time were studied in a batch reaction process. Results showed that the adsorption of lead from aqueous solution increased with an increase in pH and initial concentration. Equilibrium modeling studies suggested that the data fitted mainly to the Langmuir isotherm. Adsorption kinetic data tested using various kinetic models fitted the Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion model implicating pore diffusion as the main rate limiting step. The sorption studies indicated the potential of plantain peel biochar as an effective, efficient and low cost adsorbent for remediating lead (II) ions contaminated environment.</abstract>

Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies for The Adsorptive Removal of Lead (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Plantain Peel Biochar

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">New organotin (IV) complexes with NaL1 (sodium salt of 2-[[4-(3-methoxy-propoxy) 3-methylpyridin-2-yl]methylsulfinyl]benzimidazol-1-ide) and NaL2 (sodium salt of 3- aminomethyl-5-methylhexanoic acid) were synthesized by the reaction of diorganotin (IV) and triorganotin (IV) salt (Bu3SnCl, Ph3SnCl, Bu2SnCl2, Me2SnCl2) using the solvent (dry toluene) by constant stirring and refluxing. All the organotin (IV) complexes were characterized by different diagnostic techniques such as FT-IR (Infra-red) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The results exhibited that ligand NaL1 (sodium salt) is attached to tin metal by a nitrogen atom of benzimidazole ring and the oxygen atom of the sulfonyl group. While ligand NaL2 (sodium salt) coordinate with tin(IV) moiety through oxygen atom of the carboxylate group. The newly synthesized complexes 1 &amp; 2 of ligand NaL1 (sodium salt) showed trigonal bipyramidal geometry while complexes 3 &amp; 4 octahedral geometry around tin(IV) centre. The organotin(IV) complexes 5-7 of ligand NaL2 (sodium salt) have the tetrahedral geometry around tin(IV) centre. The synthesized complexes (1-7) were tested for antifungal and antibacterial microbial activities. All the complexes showed significant antibacterial and anti-fungal activities against tested bacterial and fungal strains.</abstract>

Organotin (IV) based Rabeprazole and Pregabalin Complexes Formation and Biocidal Investigation

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This work involved the production and thermal characterization of biomass briquettes produced by blending a major agricultural waste with coal dust. In the work, nine different compositions of coal dust/groundnut husk briquettes were produced using starch as the binder while Ca(OH2) was incorporated as the de-sulphurizing agent. The ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, moisture content, compressive strength, ignition time, calorific value, water boiling test and burning rate were carried out to determine the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the briquettes produced. The results showed that moisture content values are in the range 2.43 - 6.44%, for compressive strength 7.72 - 10.85 N/mm3, for ash content 24.18 - 29.15 %, for calorific value 21714.17 - 25027.18 kJ/kg, for fixed carbon 16.77-53.22 %, for ignition time 22.23-45.20 s, for water boiling test 1.50-4.99 min and burning rate 16.10-28.32 g/min. These are appreciable values for the thermal properties of the bio-briquettes. Therefore, the agro-wastes briquettes are beneficial for heating purposes rather than open incineration of the wastes.</abstract>

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry

Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology

Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike

Thermal Analyses of Briquette Fuels Produced from Coal Dust and Groundnut Husk

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><italic>Azolla pinnata</italic> is an aquatic plant that comes from the order of <italic>Pteridophyta</italic> and family of <italic>Azollaceae</italic> that can be found floating on the surface of waters and can only grow at non-moving or slow-moving water areas. This research aims to understand the effect of different extraction methods and fertilizers on <italic>Azolla pinnata</italic> and its secondary metabolites. The fertilizers treatments that were tested were chicken manure and AB. The different extraction methods that were tested were SFE and Soxhlet extraction. In the test, the amount of dry weight of <italic>A.pinnata</italic> obtained from using AB fertilizer was higher compared to chicken manure. For the extraction, both SFE and Soxhlet extraction produced an almost similar amount of extracts but different amounts of secondary metabolites. The amounts of the secondary metabolites were determined and analyzed using GC-MS. The metabolites identified were theamine, bioxirane, acetic acid, 9 methyl-1-decene, glycerine, dihydroxyacetone, thymine, pyranone, 6-fluoro-2-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, 2-formyl-4,6 dichlorophenyl ester, and isoglutamine. Based on the result, treatment with AB fertilizer provides higher amounts of secondary metabolites in A.pinnata compared to chicken manure, while for extraction methods, SFE provides higher amounts of secondary metabolites in A.pinnata compared to Soxhlet extraction.</abstract>

Department of Plant Science, Kulliyyah of Science

International Islamic University Malaysia

Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science

The Effect of Different Fertilizer and Extraction Method on Secondary Metabolites of <italic>Azolla Pinnata</italic>

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">There are more than 522 towns and cities in Bangladesh, which generate thousands of tons of solid waste known as Municipal Solid Waste. Low collection coverage and disposal facilities are responsible for unsatisfactory waste management. The composting technology is a good alternative method for managing MSW. The present study was conducted to assess the quality of the MSW compost produced from the solid wastes of Mymensingh Pourashava. For quality assessment physical, chemical and biological properties of prepared compost namelye bulk density, porosity, water-holding capacity, moisture content, pH, organic matter content, C:N ratio, NPKS content, buffering capacity, soluble salts content, heavy metal content and the presence of harmful organisms in the MSW compost were studied. The results indicated that the MSW compost was matured and stable having pH 7.3 and buffering capacity of the MSW compost were good but the organic matter content and C : N (14.5) ratio were low. The N, P, K and S content of the MSW compost were 0.9, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.45 percent of the total volume. The soluble salts content and heavy metal content of the compost were found to be within the permissible limits. The MSW compost contained no <italic>E. coli</italic> and <italic>Salmonella</italic>. From the results, it can be concluded that, the composting could produce acceptable quality of compost, which can be used as fertilizer or soil amendment.</abstract>

Quality Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Compost

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Acta Chemica Malaysia

Due to rapid advances in scientific research and industrialization, there is more need for an advanced and durable study in chemistry and the chemical engineering field. Acta Chemica Malaysia (ACMY) is an open access as well as print journal that widely covers all branches of chemistry and chemical engineering. It provides a medium for mutual communication between academia and industry all over the world. The Journal welcomes in English original research articles; research notes or short communications and topical or interpretative review articles (previously unpublished) in all established areas of chemistry, chemical engineering and related fields. This journal is a scholarly journal maintains high standards of scientific excellence and its editorial board ensures a rapid peer review process with the help of the Editorial Manager System. Manuscripts are accepted for publication only if at least two reviewers agree on the scientific quality of the submitted manuscript. Abstracts and full texts of all articles published by the Acta Chemica Malaysia Open Access Journal are freely accessible to everyone immediately after publication.   Acta Chemica Malaysia (ACMY) has established itself as the leading journal in the exciting field of chemistry and chemical engineering. Its aim is for the rapid communication of knowledge and experience amongst engineers and scientists working in the area of research development or in the practical application of chemical technology. Coverage includes but is not limited to:  Catalysis and Reaction Engineering  Agrochemicals  Reaction Engineering  Biochemical Engineering  Petroleum Technology  Corrosion  Clean Energy  Functional Material  Leather Processing  Nanotechnology and Nanoscience  Biomaterials and Biotechnology  Particle Technology  Multiphase Processing  Polymerization  Separation Science and Technology  Sustainable Technologies  Pharmaceuticals and Drugs  &amp; Metallurgy and Applied Chemistry, Green Processing etc.,   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 

Acta Chemica Malaysia

Volume 4 (2020): Issue 1 (June 2020)

Preliminary Morphological and Phytochemical Evaluation of Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng

Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies for The Adsorptive Removal of Lead (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Plantain Peel Biochar

Organotin (IV) based Rabeprazole and Pregabalin Complexes Formation and Biocidal Investigation

Thermal Analyses of Briquette Fuels Produced from Coal Dust and Groundnut Husk

The Effect of Different Fertilizer and Extraction Method on Secondary Metabolites of Azolla Pinnata

Quality Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Compost

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