<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

This article proposes to consider the education system as a factor in the formation of people’s personal values. We examine students’ perceptions of the degree to which existing educational standards are oriented towards the formation and development of personal values, as well as formulate proposals for the implementation of a systems approach to the development of educational standards as a factor in improving the existing complex of personal values. The methodology applied included: desk analysis by comparison, deduction, and induction; a questionnaire study; variance, discriminant, factor and morphological analysis. Respondents were segmented according to the criteria “presence of groups of values” — “conjugation of groups of values with variables.” University students, i.e., the part of society that is considered the most active and progressive, were found to have a low level of moral and ethical values. After considering the place of education in the macro-environment of the country was substantiated, we propose a number of measures to address the problem of raising the level of values among all participants in the educational process, in order to reduce the gap between the pace of technical advancement and humanitarian development of society.
</abstract>

Institute of Management Consumer Behaviour Research Department

A Systems Approach to the Development of Educational Standards for Fostering Personal Values

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

One of the important and open issues in modern businesses is the financing of research and development (R&amp;D) activities, treated as an instrument of research and development policy. Maintaining the competitiveness of business entities requires the systemic creation and implementation of innovations, which requires expenditure on R&amp;D activities. The aim of this paper is to identify the level, dynamics and structure of expenditures on R&amp;D activities in Poland and in Polish businesses. The time range of the study covers the years 2015–2019 (or 2017–2019 inthe analysis of expenditures in the enterprise sector), the scope concerns the financial aspects of R&amp;D activity on a national scale and in the sector of Polish enterprises, and the sources of the data for analysis are publications of Poland’s Central Statistical Office (Statistics Poland). The study applied the following methods: a critical and cognitive analysis of literature in identifying the research problem, a descriptive and comparative method in presenting the problem, a statistical method in calculating percentage shares, and a projection method in proposing model solutions. Overall, the analysis found a relatively low level and dynamics of expenditures incurred on R&amp;D in Poland and in the enterprise sector. Therefore, R&amp;D policy among Polish enterprises can be described as conservative and ad hoc in nature.
</abstract>

Research and Development Expenditures in the Sector of Polish Enterprises as an Instrument of Research and Development Policy

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

This article presents theoretical considerations regarding the concept of ‘brand’, identifying it as a value driver for customers and defining how important a brand is in the value creation process. Brand-related constructs (brand strength, brand value, brand equity, brand awareness, brand knowledge, brand reputation, brand image, and brand identity) found in the literature are defined, paying particular attention to brand equity as a construct more closely related to the concept of perceived value. The article also discusses the various levels of meaning of a brand and presents the concept of customer engagement (CE), identifying the relationships between a brand, the concept of perceived value, and customer engagement. The conclusions highlight the strong relationships between brands and the category of customer value. Additionally, the article presents the phenomenon of customer engagement as a theoretical perspective for brand identification in the process of customer value creation.
</abstract>

Department of Market and Consumption, Faculty of Economics

Department of Management, Faculty of Applied Sciences

Brand as a Customer Value Driver: Relationships with Customer Engagement

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

This study experimentally evaluated Polish school students’ competence at written communication, understood as one of the forms of social communication. The task, performed online, was designed to see if the students were able to select the most important information from a given base text and to compose new texts on this basis to comply with three different length requirements, and how they behaved under the pressure of the time allocated to complete the sub-tasks. Results from an overall pool of 500 secondary school students from a diverse sample of schools (in the city of Poznań and the surrounding Wielkopolska province) that differed in terms of type and ranking suggest an overall poor competence at various composite skills involved in written social communication: information selection, summarization, logical structuring, and cohesive embellishment. Participants clearly exhibited various problems with concisely formulating thoughts, properly complying with instructions, etc. Composing a short, written message (based on a provided base text) and/or freely embellishing and reformulating information clearly caused them considerable difficulty. The article closes with some suggestions for how the methods used could potentially be improved in future studies of this type.
</abstract>

Testing Polish Secondary-School Students’ Written Social Communication Competence Based on a Timed Composition Task

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

This article examines the concept of organizational maturity, with particular emphasis on the importance that it can play in medical tourism. First, the concept of <italic>organization</italic> is subjected to an interdisciplinary interpretation in the light of the Polish and international literature on the subject. The influence of this area of enterprise management on the decisions made and the shaping of the pro-quality policy of the enterprise is considered - noting that the continuous and comprehensive improvement of intra-organizational processes, decisions taken and monitored, and long-term planning are determinants of the level of organizational maturity and contribute to the implementation of planned activities, while effectively responding to the needs of stakeholders. Next, selected results of a qualitative study conducted among selected private medical institutions specializing in medical tourism are presented. Despite the relatively rich literature in the field of tourist and medical services, few studies have looked at the importance of quality in management in private healthcare entities and its significant impact on the purchasing decisions of tourist patients, with a simultaneous emphasis on entities serving foreign medical patients. The survey was carried out in 2021 using the IDI (Individual in-depth Interview) technique, with a purposive sample of Polish and Croatian clinics providing services in the field of medical tourism holding a significant position in their respective market.
</abstract>

Quality Policy in Creating Organizational Maturity in a Medical Tourism Enterprise

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Marketing of Scientific and Research Organizations

 The main goal of the journal is to present the newest research results and practical solutions that are being implemented by scientific and research organisations amongst which are the leading European scientific institutes, education institutions and technology parks.   The journal brings together the marketing staff of research institutes, higher education institutions and interested parties to enable the further broadening of knowledge and competencies and which enables renowned key players, leading scientists and practitioners in the field of marketing from the whole of Europe to truly join forces.   Articles published in this journal range from marketing theory and practice through the possible uses and scope of marketing in practice in the Polish and international economic sector. It also presents the experiences of Polish and international organizations involved in scientific research.   Based on the decision of the Minister of Science of January 5, 2024, 40 points are awarded to the academic achievement for the scientific articles published in the journal.   Marketing of Scientific and Research Organizations publishes in the Open Access system – free of charge. For authors, publishing in an Open Access journal offers increased citation rates, quicker impact, and wider research collaborations.     Rejection rate:    20%    Main topics:   1. Marketing tools of scientific and research organisations:      E-mail marketing   E-marketing of scientific and research organisations   Marketing strategies in combating the economic crisis   On-line marketing strategies   Education and work fairs as a form of promotion   Trends in marketing studies   Marketing trends and directions of scientific and research organisations   Implementation of new domestic and international strategies   Analytical and research tools in the marketing of scientific and research organisations   Search engine optimisation    2. Social media:      Facebook marketing trends   The Impact of Internet in Public Relations   Legal framework for social media marketing   Social media and SEO   New societies in marketing   Social networks and recommendations of the best communication solutions   Social media – it is not only Facebook   Social media – blogs, forums, chats    3. Marketing communication management:      Research on the effectiveness and efficiency of marketing communication   Building the positive image of scientific and research organisations   The significance of the brand in the operations of a scientific organisation   Strategic management in scientific and research organisations in the Polish economic practice   Product management in research services   Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in theory and practice   B2B marketing   Mobile marketing   Personal marketing as a tool for creating the scientific organisation’s image   Psychology of advertising   Media relations – effective media cooperation   Media trends    4. Selected detailed topics:      Celebrities in advertising of scientific and research institutions   Event marketing   Experiences of a direct marketing agency   Marketing in a scientific library   Sources of funding scientific research   Ethics in marketing   Advantages of cooperation between scientific organisations and enterprises   Employee intellectual capital – the advantage of a competitive institution   Marketing of higher education institutions   Determinants of marketing and the effects of the crisis on a scientific and research organisation   Copyright and intellectual property in marketing and advertising    5. Marketing of new technologies and R&amp;D products:      Marketing mix tools in the implementation of new technologies and R&amp;D products   New technologies in marketing   The use of new technology tools in marketing   Marketing and strategies of start-ups   Commercialization of research results and new technologies   Transfer of knowledge from science and research centres to industry   Technological trends and the use of marketing tools   Management of products / offers portfolio of the research and development institution   TechnoMarketing   New technologies and marketing strategies   MarTech market          Archiving   Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.   Plagiarism Policy   The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process.   This journal is primarily targeted at professionals dealing with the marketing of scientific and research organizations. Its target readers include the staff of research institutes, higher education institutions, academic research centres, and organizations, associations and establishments providing assistance in scientific research, as well as students and all those who are interested in the subjects covered by the research.   The journal not only offers a unique opportunity to become familiar with the current trends, new tools and instruments and strategies in the marketing of scientific and research organisations but is also constitute the ideal professional environment for the fruitful exchange of views and constitute an invaluable networking scenario. 