<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">COVID-19 has caused in Portugal an enormous economic, financial, and social challenge that must be answered by the national and local Portuguese government authorities. Several support measures have been launched to protect businesses, economic sustainability, and employment levels. At the national level, projects with greater economic emphasis are highlighted, which aim to support companies and their workers. The most noteworthy are measures relegated to simplified lay-off, social protection for individuals in isolation or with illness, and support for the payment of basic expenses such as electricity, water, and gas. Also, on this level, measures concerning teleworking and school at home through television have changed the daily lives of families. At the local level, there was a greater emphasis on the social dimension. The role played by local authorities and local councils in stimulating the local business community and supporting the creation of volunteer banks, the delivery of food and medicines, and the production of goods for individual protection was highlighted.</abstract>

The Response of National and Local Portuguese Government Authorities to COVID-19

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This study establishes long-run relations between budget deficits and inflation, while controlling for money supply owing to the justified links between deficits and money supply especially for developing countries. We employed time series data with temporal coverage of 1980-2018. Augmented Dickey Fuller has tested nonstationary for all series, but with all stationary at first difference. The Engle-Granger (1981) methodology for Cointegration tested long-run relation between budget deficits, money supply and inflation. Due to Laney and Willet (1983), the conventional least squares regression was adopted to estimate parameters of long-run equation. The results evidenced that fiscal deficits and money supply have been at the root of galloping inflation in Ethiopia. Besides, budget deficits have been the root cause of money supply growth in Ethiopia; while giving empirical support to the hypothesis that, governments of least developed countries resort to monetize large portion of their deficits. There is a need to reform the fiscal aspect of the government, if the mounting rate of deficits has to be lessened. Budgetary imbalances can be rectified through enhancement of domestic capital market and setting limits on central bank borrowing. Besides, it could be vital to expand the tax base as well as intensify efficiency of the existing tax system in the country.</abstract>

Are Fiscal Deficits Really Inflationary? An Investigation Into Ethiopia’s Experience

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This study aims to estimate the welfare gains of the Philippine milkfish industry in establishing local fry hatcheries to reduce imports from Indonesia and Taiwan. It also seeks to identify the industry stakeholders who gain from this import substitution endeavour. The economic surplus model was used to estimate the welfare gains from the commercialization of the hatchery-bred milkfish fry in the fishery sector. Specifically, the changes in consumer and/or producer surplus per stakeholder were compared to determine who the biggest gainers are. Results of the study showed that the consumer surplus from the milkfish fry industry was larger than its producer surplus. On the other hand, the reverse was true for the grow-out industry. It is interesting to note that the consumers in the fry industry and the producer in the grow-out industry were the same set of stakeholders, i.e., the milkfish grow-out operators, who gained the most from this development. The study also showed that commercializing the local milkfish hatchery technologies can bring about more benefits to the country than importing fry and fingerlings. Hence, the development of local hatcheries for other aquaculture species can be expected to bring similar welfare gains. More importantly, the technical and financial assistance that were extended by the government’s fishery institutions through the GAINEX project as pioneered by DOST-PCAARRD can serve as an effective catalyst to prospective hatchery operators in reducing the risks, especially when setting-up a new enterprise like the hatchery-bred fry for an emerging aquaculture species in the country.</abstract>

Department of Economics, College of Economics and Management

Commercializing the Milkfish Hatchery-Bred Fry Industry in the Philippines: A Welfare Analysis

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The research aims to measure the effectiveness of the strategies of modern retailers which implementing reverse logistics activities, and to be believe that it could increase not only business competition, but also consumer satisfaction. The object of research is 20 modern retailers ranging from convenience stores to hypermarket stores. The methodology implemented in the form of setting parameters and assessment criteria which are arranged in the form of priority scale and analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process or AHP method. The respondents are the decision makers in terms of product delivery, logistics, distribution and warehouse including making purchases both directly and indirectly. Sub parameters and sub criteria that are arranged then reevaluated using the ExpertChoice instrument to see the resulting scale consistency. Broadly speaking, the highest priority scale was 0.441 for the criteria for agility, 0.428 for the efficiency criteria, 0.318 for the stakeholder criteria, 0.271 for the process criteria and 0.146 for the environment criteria. The result of simulation cost is less than 8 percent of the profit margin per product returned.</abstract>

Faculty of Business, Scientia Boulevard Gading Serpong Tangerang

Faculty of Business, Scientia Boulevard Gading serpong Tangerang

Faculty of Economy and Business, Jl.KH Ahmad Dahlan Ciputat South Tangerang

Reverse and Green Logistics Cost Simulation Using Analytical Hierarchy Process

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The primary objective of the research is to determine the influences of B2B relationship quality and opportunism on firm performance. This study takes a general perspective of business organisations by examining the hypothesised relationships in the context of B2B’s in the industrial business environment. The research employs a cross-sectional design whereby quantitative data is collected by means of an online survey. Using non-probability, judgmental and snowball sampling technique, a sample size of 98 employees from the industrial business environment within Malaysia was collected. The gathered data was analysed using statistical software Smart -PLS. The research yields several interesting findings on the association between B2B relationship quality and firm performance in the industrial business environment within Malaysia. Findings also unfolded that the quality of a relationship between businesses is able to influence firm performance and opportunism. Opportunism on the other hand was not found to have any influence on Firm Performance. The results of the study implied that the quality of the relationship between businesses that is built upon trust, commitment, satisfaction and information sharing are important in business relationships. A high-quality relationship that is shared among suppliers and customers is able to predict better firm performance and inhibit the negative effect of opportunism.</abstract>

The Influence of B2B Relationship Quality on Opportunism and Firm Performance

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Employees who have a high level of engagement can be a solution to performance problems, because they feel tied to the organization and work enthusiastically. The study aims to determine the condition of engagement and analyse the factors that can affect the level of engagement of employees of bank front lines in the city of Bandung. The method used in this research is descriptive method by applying exploratory factor analysis to 42 factors that influence employee engagement. The results of the study found that the 42 factors were quite influential in increasing the engagement of Bank front liner employees in the city of Bandung. And 5 new factors are formed which consist of: Individual Factors Facility Factors; Motivation Factors; and Career Factors.</abstract>

Analysis of Factors Affecting Frontliner Employee Engagement in Bandung City

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Auditors are expected to provide a good quality in auditing performance. However, in practice, some conditions may impair the auditors’ professional behaviour. The conflict between professional and organizational values that may occur during the auditing process may become a dilemma for the auditor as a professional. This condition eventually can make the auditor to have a dysfunctional behaviour in performing audit. Some studies showed that the phenomenon of dysfunctional audit behaviour is also correlated to the job burnout the auditor experiences in performing the audit fieldwork. This study, in turn, examined the effects of organizational – professional conflict (OPC) and auditor burnout on dysfunctional audit behaviour. It was hypothesized that both OPC and auditor burnout have the positive effects on dysfunctional audit behaviour. Data collection in this study was performed by distributing the questionnaires through the survey method sent to the respondents, i.e. 79 auditors working in public accounting firm using the convenience sampling technique. The results of this study indicated that job burnout, as hypothesized, had positive effect on dysfunctional audit behaviour; while the OPC had no effect on dysfunctional audit behaviour.</abstract>

Effects of Organizational–Professional Conflict and Auditor Burnout on Dysfunctional Audit Behaviour

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The objective of this research is to analyse and describe the valuation of start-up company using the Discounted Cash Flow Analysis. There are several combination of discount rates, including combination of beta, risk free rate and market return. There are several market returns applied in the calculation of the discount rate, such as gold price, crude oil, property price index and IDX composite. The object of research is PT. XYZ, which is a start-up company engaged in the field of software (System &amp; Mobile Application). The results showed that PT. XYZ is a start-up that has a systematic risk (Beta) of 5.1 point, which is lower than the average beta of hi-tech start-up companies. The fair value of PT. XYZ is Rp 3,729,416,128,911. Using a confidence level of 95%, the deviation of company’s value is between Rp102,726,286,407 and Rp7,356,105,971,415. It is concluded that valuing the start-up using real and financial asset return as a benchmark will provide high fair value. The reason is the return in those assets are lower because of lower risk. The lower rate of return will make the value of the start-up company higher. Therefore, investors will request the start-up company to provide higher value.</abstract>

Valuation of Start-Up Company Using Real and Financial Assets Rate of Return

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 14 (2023): Issue 2 (December 2023)

Volume 14 (2023): Issue 1 (June 2023)

Volume 13 (2022): Issue 2 (December 2022)

Volume 13 (2022): Issue 1 (July 2022)

Volume 12 (2021): Issue 3 (December 2021)

Volume 12 (2021): Issue 2 (August 2021)

Volume 12 (2021): Issue 1 (April 2021)

Volume 11 (2020): Issue 3 (December 2020)

Volume 11 (2020): Issue 2 (August 2020)

Volume 11 (2020): Issue 1 (April 2020)

Volume 10 (2019): Issue 3 (December 2019)

Volume 10 (2019): Issue 2 (August 2019)

Volume 10 (2019): Issue 1 (April 2019)

Volume 9 (2018): Issue 3 (December 2018)

Volume 9 (2018): Issue 2 (August 2018)

Volume 9 (2018): Issue 1 (May 2018)

Volume 8 (2017): Issue 3 (December 2017)

Volume 8 (2017): Issue 2 (August 2017)

Volume 8 (2017): Issue 1 (April 2017)

HOLISTICA – Journal of Business and Public Administration

HOLISTICA Journal of Business and Public Administration has been the result of the authors’ need to approach the ‘in integrum’ phenomena, processes and structures in different specializations. The complexity of socio-economic life is a sine qua non that determines specialists to pay more attention to the influence of its parts as a whole, to configure and reconfigure the whole process through modifying its parts. The multitude of relations and interdependences between the economic, social and political environments create the context for integrated multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary analyses, in which specialists from various thematic areas could offer solutions to current issues.  Starting from the definition of the term holism – a conception which interprets the thesis of the irreducibility of the whole to the sum of its parts, considering an immaterial, unknowable principle as an ‘integrating factor’ in the world (DEX), the journal aims to gather scientific and methodological research, viewpoints that would explain the behavior of the specific components and their effects on the whole.  This is why the main topics of the journal cover a broad area of domains as: management (general, strategic, project, human resources, financial, production, quality, information system, company, foreign investment etc.), public management (good governance, public finance and budgeting, sustainable development, public institutions, public investment, public services, public expenditure etc.), marketing (strategic marketing, sales policies, customer behavior, market segmentation, marketing research, supply and demand etc.), public and nonprofit marketing (strategic marketing, public policies, citizens’ behavior, marketing research, public supply and demand etc.), business administration (entrepreneurship, business approach, accounting, planning, decision making etc.), business communication, public administration (subjects that depict a vivid image of administration), law (regulations, EU directives, commercial legislation, labor law etc.), public law (administrative, civil, common, European etc.), economics (macro and micro economics, forecast, statistics, national strategies etc.).  In our opinion, a diverse and ample knowledge of current issues, the possibility to reflect on the most important subjects from multiple perspectives and linking these to the whole, makes identifying solutions possible, in order to reach the common goal – a better life.  We are facing multiple economic challenges (crises, disequilibria, structural changes, conceptual controversies), social challenges (unemployment, social exclusion, underprivileged categories, racism, etc.), political challenges (conflicts, attacks, terrorism, changes in doctrines, etc.), all with a direct or indirect impact on individuals and society as a whole. Each of us are both a part and a whole at the same time, a system and a subsystem, we connect or we are connected and most importantly, we make decisions and are the object or the subject of all other decisions. These circumstances motivate our desire to bring to the attention of decision-makers the importance of granting proper, attention to the impact and effects of their actions on the whole. The integrating element which gives it its essence is the unity and specificity to the whole, which lies in the neural network of links and dependencies.  Why subscribe and read   Holistica Journal of Business and Public Administration has been published since 2010. It was molded by the enthusiasm of the editorial staff with the support of publishers and it strives to meet the need of specialists to find various opinions from different perspectives about business and public administration.  Holistica is not merely a journal about business and administration, it also contains a plethora of subjects that could offer theoretical ideas and practical solutions for specialists. Our authors are advised to submit interdisciplinary studies, holistic and integrated approaches of socio-economic topics and are free to express their sincere opinions without any boundaries.  The broad band of subjects covered by the Holistica Journal can offer its readers a wide variety of interesting papers that are helpful for daily activities, academics, researchers and professionals.  The main concern of the editorial staff is to offer new and innovative opinions and perspectives on good quality interesting topics, cordially inviting you to become part of our interdisciplinary research.   Why submit   Holistica Journal has a high visibility among not only specialists in Romania, but also globally and it aims to extend its exposure even further in the future.  By publishing your article in Holistica Journal you have the opportunity to become part of our mixt research team and develop projects for interdisciplinary studies.  The articles are subjected to a double-blind review and any suggestions or criticism is strictly constructive so as to benefit the author and assist them in improving their work.  The journal has 3 issues per year (January-April; May-August; September-December), thus almost guaranteeing a swift publication in the next issue.    Rejection Rate   10% - totally rejected  Article Processing Charge (APC)  The amount is 100 Euro.   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 