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<sec><h3>Background</h3><p>In alpine skiing, physical training can start at an early age, from 4 to 6 years old, an age that can play an important role in the further development of future athletes. Specific movements of physical exercise, such as walking, running, jumping, throwing, climbing, swimming, dancing, skiing, etc., can be performed by preschoolers without excessive physical stress, developing their skills and gradually preparing them for performance. This stage of childhood offers the best opportunities for acquiring new motor skills. The scientific approach started from the finding that, although the ski training of children is possible and recommended at preschool age, however, following the analysis of the literature, a lack of teaching methodology for this age group can be found, both at the national and international level.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Aim</h3><p>The paper aims to propose an educational model specific to this age group, which can be used in teaching the discipline of alpine skiing, in sports clubs and associations or instructor associations.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study is based on the modeling method, applied to the physical training activity, also considering the psychomotor features specific to the preschool child. The proposed methodology contains tests and testing standards aiming the general physical training of the children.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Results</h3><p>The objectives pursued by applying this model consist in forming or developing both general and specific motor qualities, as well as educating the coordinative capacities. By applying this instructive-educational model in the physical training of preschooler children, an increase of their sports performance was demonstrated, which is verified by the results obtained at national competitions, intended for the specific categories of their age.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The model of the alpine skier for this age must consider the particularities specific to the age, and the learning methods must be adequate, rational and flexible, to ensure an easy learning, assimilable to playing activities.</p></sec>
</abstract>

University Lector, PhD, University of Craiova

University Professor, PhD, University of Craiova

The instructive - educational model for 4-6 years old alpine skiers. Selection and physical training

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<sec><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Posture detection is used in various situations such as medical care, surveillance, virtual environment, indoor monitoring, virtual reality for animations and entertainment. The concept of machine learning has experienced great progress in the last two decades, from a curiosity started in the laboratory to a widespread practical technology for commercial use.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of this paper is to review the literature on the use of machine learning algorithms in the medical field for posture recognition.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Material and method</h3><p>Articles were collected from the following databases: Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and Research Gate. We included only articles that were written in English, those that were available for download in full text, published after 2010, the year in which the industrialization of the idea of artificial learning began. Articles that did not assess or recognize the posture deficiencies were excluded.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 55 articles were eligible for the study. Following the inclusion criteria, and after sorting, using the exclusion criteria, a number of 16 articles remained to be analyzed, presented and discussed.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>After the analysis of the articles included in this study, it can be concluded that using machine learning we can obtain very good results with high accuracy for posture recognition.</p></sec>
</abstract>

Professor, MD, PhD, Hab.Dr., Faculty of Physical Education and Sports

PhD student, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports

A systematic review of integrated machine learning in posture recognition

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<sec><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The health benefits of regular physical activity are clear. More students should engage in physical activity every day of the week. Participating in physical activity from the sport lessons is very safe for most students.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Aim</h3><p>In this study we want to ascertain the health status of the students at the beginning of the academic year, in order to have a more efficient didactic design and to identify the possible medical conditions that can generate health risks during physical exercises.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study was performed using the PARQ+ questionnaire (The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire) and body mass index. These were applied to a number of 235 subjects, students in higher medical education.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that 71.07% of the students have no health problems and are fit for physical effort, and 28.93% of them were identified with various activity-limiting medical conditions. The results obtained by calculating the BMI show us that 69.79% of the subjects are in the normal weight category.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In conclusion, for most students, physical activity does not involve any risk. Taking into account the high percentage of those with different conditions, knowing the health status of students should represent an important milestone in the activity of teachers, and help them eliminate the risk factors. Thus, almost 3 out of 10 students should check with a doctor about the risks associated with exercising before they begin to become more physically active.</p></sec>
</abstract>

Assistant professor, Phd, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy

Study on the health status of students in higher medical education

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<sec><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The concept of progressive overload is one of the most well known and well understood principles in strength training around athletes. To gain muscle mass, this principle consists of progress in weight, number of repetitions, frequency and sets.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Aim</h3><p>Although it is a widely used principle, trough our study, we wanted to ascertain if, after training sessions applying Weider’s principle of progressive loading (PPO), we can highlight significant increases in some muscle groups (chest M<sub>c</sub>, and back M<sub>b</sub> ), in non-performance subjects.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>One sample (N= 8 subjects, 8 men, with a mean age of 20.4 ± 0.74 years), trained for 12 weeks with a frequency of 4 workouts per week, in a sports center from Arad county. Muscle perimeters were measured using a metric band. Subjects underwent bodybuilding-specific training with a predominant focus on PPO. Measurements of the pectoral muscle (M<sub>c</sub>) and back muscle (M<sub>b</sub>) were carried out in two stages: an initial test (C<sub>i</sub>, B<sub>i</sub> ) and a final test (C<sub>f</sub>, B<sub>f</sub>), to see at the end of the experiment, if there are improvements.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Results</h3><p>After 12 weeks of training, the final results indicate an increase of the average of both chest and back muscles (C<sub>i</sub> 102.6, C<sub>f</sub> 107.4 and B<sub>i</sub> 109.6, B<sub>f</sub> 113.8). Although the values of the T-test, at both groups, are identical, it seems that the PPO effective size (ω<sup>2</sup>) is larger in the back (14%) compared to the chest (12%).</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Within the limits of our experiment, we consider that by only using the PPO, significant improvements can be obtained on the targeted muscle groups.</p></sec>
</abstract>

Faculty of Science, Physical Education and Informatics

Lecturer PhD, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad

Improving muscle size with Weider’s principle of progressive overload in non-performance athletes

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<sec><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The present research has highlighted the role of preoperative kinetic physical therapy in patients with complete rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Material and method</h3><p>The study took place at the <italic>Fizionova</italic> Medical Recovery Center in Târgu Mureș, for 12 weeks, between November 2020 and March 2021, on a sample of 20 subjects, aged between 21 and 45 years. The inclusion criterion was the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. The research methods were largely experimental. Statistical analysis included elements of descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation) and elements of inferential statistics. The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to determine the distribution of the analyzed data series. For the comparison of means, the t-Student test for unpaired data was applied. For the comparison of medians, the Mann-Whitney test was applied for unpaired data.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Results</h3><p>The experimental group regained its knee flexion degrees earlier than the control group following the preoperative kinetic physical treatment.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our investigation concluded that immediate postoperative recovery has significant importance on the knee’s functionality, which is much more challenging to recover in case of prolonged immobilization.</p></sec>
</abstract>

Lecturer PhD, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures

Student, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures

The role of preoperative kinetic physical treatment in patients with complete rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament

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<sec><h3>Background</h3><p>Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease widely spread both worldwide and in our country, being a major public health problem, with serious social and psychological consequences, by the huge costs involved, as well as by its high morbidity.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Aim</h3><p>We intend to prove the effectiveness of using physical exercise for improving static and dynamic balance in patients with osteoporosis.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Methods</h3><p>Our research includes 8 women aged between 50 and 70 years, diagnosed with postmenopausal osteoporosis. The patients were evaluated before and one month after the physical exercise program, using the “Timed Up and Go” Test and the Berg Balance Scale.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Results</h3><p>All patients included in this research experienced improvements in postural stability, static and dynamic balance.</p></sec>
<sec><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>After performing a one-month program of specific physical exercise, with a frequency of 3-4 times a week, the risk of falls decreases, increasing the static and dynamic balance.</p></sec>
</abstract>

Doctoral School of Sports Science and Physical Education

Faculty of Geography, Department of Physical Education, Sports and Physical Therapy

Associate Professor, PhD, University of Oradea, Faculty of Geography

Department of Physical Education, Sports and Physical Therapy

Effectiveness of physical exercise for improving static and dynamic balance in patients with osteoporosis

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 15 (2022): Issue 29 (December 2022)

Volume 15 (2022): Issue 28 (June 2022)

Volume 14 (2021): Issue 27 (December 2021)

Volume 14 (2021): Issue 26 (June 2021)

Volume 13 (2020): Issue 25 (December 2020)

Volume 13 (2020): Issue 24 (September 2020)

Volume 12 (2019): Issue 23 (December 2019)

Volume 12 (2019): Issue 22 (September 2019)

Volume 11 (2018): Issue 21 (December 2018)

Volume 11 (2018): Issue 20 (September 2018)

Volume 10 (2017): Issue 19 (December 2017)

Volume 10 (2017): Issue 18 (September 2017)

Volume 9 (2016): Issue 17 (December 2016)

Volume 9 (2016): Issue 16 (September 2016)

Volume 8 (2015): Issue 15 (December 2015)

Volume 7 (2015): Issue 14 (June 2015)

Volume 6 (2014): Issue 12 (June 2014)

Volume 6 (2013): Issue 11 (December 2013)

Volume 5 (2013): Issue 10 (June 2013)

Volume 5 (2012): Issue 9 (December 2012)

Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal

 Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal will publish high quality manuscripts covering the entire area of it´s interdisciplinary content; our first goal is to arouse the readers interest about the importance of physical education in order to maintain a good and healthy life of individuals as well as of the population; we also pay attention to prevention, assessment and rehabilitation in pathology, especially in those related to physical activity. The Editorial and Scientific Boards will especially encourage the publication of research studies.Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access. Why subscribe and read    High standard contents  Good publishing quality available in both forms, electronic and printed  Wide range of subjects concerning sport science, physical therapy and rehabilitation    Why submit    Fast, reliable and constructive peer reviews written by the experts  High quality editing  Indexed in four international databases    Rejection Rate   About 10-20%   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 