Accès libre

First molecular observation on Mylonchulus hawaiiensis from South Africa

E. Shokoohi
E. Shokoohi
   | 23 avr. 2024
Helminthologia's Cover Image
À propos de cet article
Article précédent
Article suivant
Citez
Article Category: Research Article
Publié en ligne: 23 avr. 2024
Pages: 99 - 108
Reçu: 04 juin 2023
Accepté: 16 nov. 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0010
Mots clés
© 2024 E. Shokoohi, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Sampling location for M. hawaiiensis in Magoebaskloof mountain of Limpopo Province, South Africa. (A) South Africa map. (B) Magoebaskloof mountain. (C) sampling site.
Sampling location for M. hawaiiensis in Magoebaskloof mountain of Limpopo Province, South Africa. (A) South Africa map. (B) Magoebaskloof mountain. (C) sampling site.

Fig. 2.

Mylonchulus hawaiiensis (Cassidy, 1931) Goodey, 1951. (A) neck. (B-G) anterior end (arrow pointing to, F: reserve dorsal tooth; G: amphid). (H) egg (arrow pointing to vulva. (I) pharyngeal-intestinal junction. (J) entire body (arrow pointing to vulva). (K) female tail (arrow pointing to caudal glands).
Mylonchulus hawaiiensis (Cassidy, 1931) Goodey, 1951. (A) neck. (B-G) anterior end (arrow pointing to, F: reserve dorsal tooth; G: amphid). (H) egg (arrow pointing to vulva. (I) pharyngeal-intestinal junction. (J) entire body (arrow pointing to vulva). (K) female tail (arrow pointing to caudal glands).

Fig. 3.

Principal component analysis (PCA) plot for M. hawaiiensis based on the important morphological characters.
Principal component analysis (PCA) plot for M. hawaiiensis based on the important morphological characters.

Fig. 4.

Phylogenetic tree based on 18S rDNA, including M. hawaiiensis from South Africa.
Phylogenetic tree based on 18S rDNA, including M. hawaiiensis from South Africa.

Fig. 5.

Phylogenetic tree based on ITS rDNA, including M. hawaiiensis from South Africa.
Phylogenetic tree based on ITS rDNA, including M. hawaiiensis from South Africa.

Fig. 6.

Network analysis based on Median Neighbor Joining analysis of M. hawaiiensis.
Network analysis based on Median Neighbor Joining analysis of M. hawaiiensis.

Loading factor of the variables of the species of M. hawaiiensis.

F1 F2
L 0.661 −0.043
a 0.555 −0.394
b 0.783 0.388
c −0.548 −0.346
c′ −0.291 0.808
V −0.162 −0.463
Lip region width 0.353 −0.278
Buccal cavity length 0.536 −0.592
Buccal cavity width −0.251 0.598
Dorsal tooth apex% 0.211 0.360
Tail length 0.842 0.480

Measurements of Mylonchulus hawaiiensis (Cassidy, 1931) Goodey, 1951 from South Africa [all measurements in µm and in the format: mean ± standard deviation (range)].

Body length 1183.5 ± 56.9 (1139 – 1259)
a 36.2 ± 6.5 (30.7 – 45.6)
b 3.3 ± 0.1 (3.3 – 3.4)
c 36.6 ± 7.7 (29.3 – 47.5)
c′ 1.3 ± 0.4 (1.0 – 1.7)
V 65.8 ± 0.8 (65 – 67)
G1 22.6 ± 5.1 (17 – 28)
G2 18.6 ± 2.8 (16 – 22)
Lip region diameter 22.3 ± 1.3 (21 – 24)
Buccal cavity length 30.0 ± 1.4 (28 – 31)
Buccal cavity diameter 10.3 ± 1.3 (9 – 12)
Amphidial position to ant. end 11.7 ± 5.1 (6 – 16)
Amphidial aperture diameter 4.8 ± 0.5 (4 – 5)
Foramen ventral 6.0 ± 0.8 (5 – 7)
Foramen dorsal 5.5 ± 1.3 (4 – 7)
Dorsal tooth width 3.9 ± 0.7 (3 – 5)
Dorsal tooth length 8.0 ± 0.8 (7 – 9)
Dorsal tooth apex% 68.6 ± 2.1 (67 – 71)
Nerve ring to ant. end 92.3 ± 7.9 (82 – 99)
Excretory pore to ant. end 105.3 ±12.5 (93 – 118)
Pharynx 330.0 ± 12.3 (316 – 339)
Neck 355.8 ± 12.8 (344 – 370)
Cardia length 7.3 ± 2.2 (5 – 10)
Cardia diameter 8.0 ± 1.4 (7 – 10)
Body diameter at neck 34.5 ± 1.3 (33 – 36)
Body diameter at mid body 33.5 ± 6.0 (25 – 39)
Body diameter at anus 25.3 ± 1.5 (24 – 27)
Cuticle 1.4 ± 0.3 (1.2 – 1.8)
Vagina 9.0 ± 1.0 (8 – 10)
Anterior genital branch 269.7 ± 55.6 (207 – 313)
Anterior ovary 120.5 ± 26.2 (102 – 139)
Posterior genital branch 223.0 ± 30.5 (202 – 258)
Posterior ovary 106.0 ± 11.3 (98 – 114)
Rectum 19.8 ± 2.1 (18 – 22)
Tail 33.5 ± 7.9 (24 – 43)

Factor score for the species of M. hawaiiensis from different locations.

Observation Sample size (n) Reference F1 F2
Hawaii 1 Cassidy, 1931 1.821 −1.743
South Africa 16 Coetzee, 1966 1.764 0.214
Nigeria 18 Mulvey & Jansen, 1967 −0.274 −0.352
India 5 Jairajpuri, 1970 −1.013 0.632
El Salvador 2 Baqri & Jairajpuri, 1974 −2.687 0.262
India 200 Khan & Jairajpuri, 1979 −2.168 2.261
India 28 Patil & Khan, 1982 0.006 1.089
India 1 Jairajpuri & Khan, 1982 −1.097 0.580
Argentina 10 Chaves, 1990 1.110 0.365
Costa Rica 1 Zullini et al., 2002 0.402 −1.212
Iran 5 Shokoohi et al., 2013 2.005 1.819
Iran 10 Shokoohi & Moyo, 2022 1.985 1.403
Indonesia 4 Pradana & Yoshiga, 2023 −2.832 −2.211
South Africa 10 present study 0.977 −3.106

The comparative measurements for M. hawaiiensis populations.

Reference Location L a b c c′ V Lip region width Buccal cavity length Buccal cavity width Dorsal tooth apex% Tail length
Cassidy 1931 Hawaii 1000 33.3 3.6 25 1.3 61 27.1 27 13 79 40
Coetzee 1966 South Africa 800 – 1500 19 – 30 3.1 – 4.1 21 – 35 1.8 53 – 63 28.8 30.3 17.4 82 45.5
Mulvey & Jansen, 1967 Nigeria 900 – 1300 22 – 32 3.1 – 4.0 26.3 – 43.5 1.5 54 – 62 22.5 20 – 23 11.0 – 13.0 73 23 – 42
Jairajpuri, 1970 India 870 – 980 22 – 26 3.2 – 3.6 27 – 31 1.8 – 1.9 58 – 60 20 – 25 22 – 25 14 – 17 79 30 – 40
Baqri & Jairajpuri, 1973 El Salvador 600 – 840 19 – 20 3.0 – 3.1 25 – 27 – 60 – 63 – 20 – 23 – – 23 – 35
Khan & Jairajpuri, 1979 India 700 – 1350 17 – 30 2.9 – 4.0 25 – 54 – 50 – 70 – 17 – 30 10.0 – 16.0 65 – 85 24 – 45
Patil & Khan, 1982 India 780 – 1300 21 – 30 2.6 – 3.8 22 – 30 1.5 – 2.0 54 – 61 20 – 25 21 – 26 11.0 – 17.0 57 – 75 37 – 43
Jairajpuri & Khan, 1982 India 700 – 1350 17 – 30 2.9 – 4.0 25 – 54 1.9 51 – 58 16 – 29 17 – 30 10.0 – 16.0 70 – 85 24 – 45
Chaves 1990 Argentina 960 – 1370 23.7 – 32.0 3.2 – 3.9 20.0 – 33.4 1.5 – 1.8 55 – 60 23 – 25 22 – 27 15.0 – 17.0 73 – 77 34 – 49
Zullini et al., 2002 Costa Rica 1200 22 3.5 35 1.3 59 25 27 14 – 34
Shokoohi et al., 2013 Iran 925 – 1137 19.3 – 28.8 3.3 – 4.2 19.2 – 27.0 1.4 – 2.0 50 – 62 21 – 30 24 – 31 11.0 – 17.0 57 – 75 38 – 49
Shokoohi and Moyo, 2022 Iran 1195 24 3.7 23.5 1.7 55.3 24 27.3 14.8 64 43.3
Pradana & Yoshiga, 2023 Indonesia 622 – 1300 15.6 – 23.3 2.2 – 4.0 36.7 – 37.8 1.3 – 1.5 50 – 61 23 – 34 27 – 30 14 – 15 75 17 – 35
Present study South Africa 1139 – 1259 30.7 – 45.6 3.3 – 3.4 29.3 – 47.5 1.0 – 1.7 65 – 67 21 – 24 28 – 31 9.0 – 12.0 67 – 71 24 – 43
eISSN:
1336-9083
Langue:
Anglais
Périodicité:
4 fois par an
Sujets de la revue:
Life Sciences, Zoology, Ecology, other, Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Microbiology, Virology and Infection Epidemiology
RSS Feed de la revue