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Digenea community structure of the Salema, Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Teleostei, Sparidae), from the Central coast of Algeria

A. Boukadoum
A. Boukadoum
 et 
F. Tazerouti
F. Tazerouti
   | 23 avr. 2024
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Article Category: Research Article
Publié en ligne: 23 avr. 2024
Pages: 59 - 75
Reçu: 09 août 2023
Accepté: 29 janv. 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0006
Mots clés
© 2024 A. Boukadoum et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Collection sites of Sarpa salpa (n=114) from the Central coast of Algeria [Created by https://www.simplemappr.net. Accessed June 04, 2023]
Collection sites of Sarpa salpa (n=114) from the Central coast of Algeria [Created by https://www.simplemappr.net. Accessed June 04, 2023]

Fig. 2.

The Digenean parasites infecting Sarpa salpa from the Central coast of Algeria: (a) Lepocreadium album (Ventral view), (b) Centroderma spinosissima (Ventral view), (c) Mesometra orbicularis (Ventral view), (d) Mesometra brachycoelia (Ventral view), (e) Wardula capitellata (Ventral view), (f) Elstia stossichianum (Ventral view), (g) Robphildollfusium fractum (Lateral view). (Ph) Pharynx, (OB) Oesophageal bulb, (T) Testes, (O) Ovary, (M) Metraterm, (CP) Cirrus pouch, (C) Ceaca, (VS) Ventral sucker, (OS) Oral sucker, (VF) Vitellarium follicles, (E) Eggs
The Digenean parasites infecting Sarpa salpa from the Central coast of Algeria: (a) Lepocreadium album (Ventral view), (b) Centroderma spinosissima (Ventral view), (c) Mesometra orbicularis (Ventral view), (d) Mesometra brachycoelia (Ventral view), (e) Wardula capitellata (Ventral view), (f) Elstia stossichianum (Ventral view), (g) Robphildollfusium fractum (Lateral view). (Ph) Pharynx, (OB) Oesophageal bulb, (T) Testes, (O) Ovary, (M) Metraterm, (CP) Cirrus pouch, (C) Ceaca, (VS) Ventral sucker, (OS) Oral sucker, (VF) Vitellarium follicles, (E) Eggs

Fig. 3.

Species accumulation curve used to evaluate the sampling effort of Sarpa salpa (n = 114) from the Central coast of Algeria and the number of species found.
Species accumulation curve used to evaluate the sampling effort of Sarpa salpa (n = 114) from the Central coast of Algeria and the number of species found.

The Spearman's correlation test evaluating the mean abundance and mean intensity of species with the host parameters (weight and total length).

Digenea Mean abundance Mean intensity
Weight (g) Total length (cm) Weight (g) Total length (cm)
rs p rs p rs p rs p
Lepocreadium album −0.408 0.363 −0.204 0.661 −0.408 0.363 −0.204 0.661
Centroderma spinosissima −0.374 0.408 0.039 0.933 −0.374 0.408 0.039 0.933
Elstia stossichianum −0.667 0.102 −0.143 0.76 −0.523 0.229 0.036 0.939
Mesometra brachycoelia 0.000 1.000 0.179 0.702 −0.643 0.119 −0.857 0.014*
Mesometra orbicularis −0.571 0.18 −0.429 0.337 −0.393 0.383 −0.429 0.337
Wardula capitellata −0.867 0.012* −0.906 0.005** −0.788 0.035* −0.896 0.006**
Robphildollfusium fractum 0.536 0.215 0.786 0.036* 0.464 0.294 0.75 0.052

Digenea species composition in Sarpa salpa (n = 114) from the Algerian Central coast

Digenea species Number of infected fish Number of parasites Prevalence % Mean abundance Mean intensity Range of intensity Importance value
Lepocreadium album 1 30 0.88 0.26 30.00 30 Satellite
Centroderma spinosissima 4 13 3.51 0.11 3.25 1 – 8 Satellite
Elstia stossichianum 35 170 30.70 1.49 4.86 1 – 18 Satellite
Mesometra brachycoelia 55 1495 48.25 13.11 27.18 1 – 167 Secondary
Mesometra orbicularis 93 1565 81.58 13.73 16.83 1 – 115 Core
Wardula capitellata 11 21 9.65 0.18 1.91 1 – 4 Satellite
Robphildollfusium fractum 101 5428 88.60 47.61 53.74 1 – 242 Core

Species composition of the Digenea communities infecting Sarpa salpa.

Species number (P %) Species composition Infected hosts
n P %
1 (10.28 %) R. f 9 8.41
M. o 2 1.87
2 (28.97%) R. f - M. o 24 22.43
R. f - M. b 2 1.87
R. f - E. s 2 1.87
M. o - M. b 1 0.93
M. o - E. s 1 0.93
M. o - W. c 1 0.93
3 (36.45%) R. f - M. o - M. b 29 27.10
R. f - M. o - E. s 7 6.54
R. f - M. o - W. c 1 0.93
R. f - E. s - C. s 1 0.93
M. o - W. c - E. s 1 0.93
4 (18.96%) R. f - M. o - M. b - E. s 15 14.02
R. f - M. o - M. b - W. c 3 2.80
R. f - M. o - E. s - W. c 2 1.87
5 (5.61) R. f - M. o - M. b - E. s - C. s 3 2.80
R. f - M. o - M. b - E. s - W. c 2 1.87
R. f - M. o - E. s - L. a - W. c 1 0.93

The species richness estimated by Chao 1, Jacknife 1 and Jacknife 2.

Number of species
Observed 7
Chao 1 7
Jacknife 1 7.99
Jacknife 2 8.97

Data relative to weight classes of Sarpa salpa.

Weight classes 73.5 – 170.42 g 170.43 – 267.35 g 267.36 – 364.28 g 364.29 – 461.21 g 461.22 – 558.14 g 558.15 – 655.07 g 655.08 – 752 g
Host examined 18 37 21 22 12 2 2
Host infected 17 35 20 22 9 2 2
Number of parasites 725 2456 1970 2663 591 171 146
Number of parasites per species   L. album 0 30 0 0 0 0 0
  C. spinosissima 0 1 8 4 0 0 0
  E. stossichianum 13 46 66 39 6 0 0
  M. brachycoelia 153 600 367 263 60 6 46
  M. orbicularis 190 450 452 406 43 13 11
  W. capitellata 14 2 5 0 0 0 0
  R. fractum 355 1327 1072 1951 482 152 89

Relationship between the species prevalence and the host's weight and length using the Chi square test.

Digenea Prevalence
Weight (g) Total length (cm)
χ2 p χ2 p
Lepocreadium album 0.136 0.910 2.476 0.871
Centroderma spinosissima 3.43 0.674 2.425 0.877
Elstia stossichianum 8.301 0.217 5.390 0.495
Mesometra brachycoelia 4.455 0.615 7.647 0.265
Mesometra orbicularis 4.825 0.566 2.967 0.813
Wardula capitellata 22.475 0.001* 24.229 0.000*
Robphildollfusium fractum 8.005 0.238 7.454 0.281

Biodiversity parameters of the component community and infracommunity of Digenea species infecting Sarpa salpa from the Central coast, Algeria.

Component community Infracommunity
Species richness (S) Shannon Diversity Index (H′) Evenness Shannon-Winner (J) Dominance Simpson (D) Dominant species Berger-Parker Index (BP) Mean species richness (mean ± SD) Mean number of parasites per host (mean ± SD)
7 1.03 0.53 2.23 R. fractum 0.62 2.62 ± 1.21 76.37 ± 76.5

Data relative to length classes of Sarpa salpa.

Length classes 17.5 – 20.40 cm 20.41 – 23.31 cm 23.32 – 26.22 cm 26.23 – 29.13 cm 29.14 – 32.04 cm 32.05 – 34.95 cm 34.96 – 37.86 cm
Host examined 5 18 33 17 30 6 5
Host infected 5 16 32 16 29 5 4
Number of parasites 278 947 2492 1147 3187 354 317
Number of parasites per species   L. album 0 0 30 0 0 0 0
  C. spinosissima 0 0 1 8 4 0 0
  E. stossichianum 1 22 46 44 51 6 0
  M. brachycoelia 112 165 667 165 288 46 52
  M. orbicularis 70 164 424 400 436 47 24
  W. capitellata 7 7 7 0 0 0 0
  R. fractum 88 589 1317 530 2408 255 241
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