<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>We note that the physical action in the K. Stanislavski's system expresses the same meaning as the motor action in the field of Physic Education, consisting in accomplishing a task with the help of the skeletal muscles, mainly, of the physical exercise. We sense here, the link between the Stanislavski's system and the Physical Education, link that is achieved, mainly through physical exercise. And this is how, to the question “What is the first thing in the actor's work of preparing for a role?”, K. Stanislavski is in his right to assert, after a long experience of artist-researcher, that “the most appropriate and efficient procedure for preparing a role is the approach to the role with the help of physical exercise”.</abstract>

K. S. Stanislavski and the physical action

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Human being's existence is closely related to communication, how the individual interacts and interacts with others. By communicating, an individual conveys information and interests, attitudes, values, beliefs and feelings, sharing them with others, thus creating a contexture of relationships. Communication means not only speaking, writing, but also silencing, listening or acting. Both the patient and the physiotherapist communicate verbally, non-verbal and paraverbal to respond to and understand the behavior of the communication partner. In addition to professional skills, acquiring communication skills by physiotherapist can lead to patient adherence and satisfaction to the therapeutic program.<italic>Aim</italic>: In this paper, we aim to highlight the important aspects of the verbal, non-verbal and paraverbal skills of the physical therapist to promote communication with the patient in the therapeutic relationship.<italic>Methods</italic>: Literature review was the method of this study and were considered eligible only articles with statistically significant data.<italic>Results:</italic> Verbal communication essentially validates the message transmitted, non-verbal skills confirm and at the same time strongly influence communication partners. By form, paraverbal and non-verbal communication are concurrent with the verbal, respectively confirming it, but by content and interpretation, they can give other meanings to the relationship.</abstract>

Verbal, non-verbal and paraverbal skills in the patient-kinetotherapist relationship

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<italic>Introduction</italic>. The application of surgical, oncological and hormonal treatment causes the appearance of various dysfunctions at the somatic level: decreased joint mobility and muscle strength, lymphedema, pain, peripheral neuropathy, cardiovascular and gastrocecal conditions, and at the psychological level: insomnia, fear of relapse, anxiety and depression.
<italic>Aim of the study</italic>. This study highlights the main methods of evaluating the sequelae of breast cancer treatment, which are of particular importance in physical recovery. As well, we want to spotlight the main physical activities that can be performed.
<italic>Methods</italic>. In order to identify the adverse effects of the treatment as well as their assessment methods, we studied the national and international specialized literature.
<italic>Results.</italic> The physical assessment of patients after mastectomy includes: assessment of functional level, manual muscle testing, active range of motion, evaluation of lymphedema, quality of life and pain assessment.
<italic>Conclusions</italic>. Evaluation in physical therapy is of particular importance because it helps to create an appropriate recovery protocol, but also to appreciate the evolution of patients and the efficiency of the applied program.
</abstract>

The importance of physical assessment in post-mastectomy rehabilitation

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<italic>Introduction.</italic> To control the movement, the brain must process proprioceptive information provided by mechanoreceptors. The role of proprioception in carrying out daily activities and physical exercises, was presented, using the SEBT technique and the proprioceptive mechanisms that represent the base of dynamic postural control.
<italic>Objective.</italic> The aim was to highlight the effects of proprioceptive training on lower limb balance in subjects with lower limb injuries but also in healthy subjects, and to evaluate the effectiveness of proprioceptive programs based on postural instability to reduce knee sprains by developing proprioceptive control. These findings indicate the improvement of proprioceptive control which may be a key factor in reducing knee sprain.
<italic>Working hypothesis</italic>. Applying a kinetic intervention protocol, consisting of static proprioceptive exercises, stimulates the body to maintain balance in situations of imbalance and increases the stability of the knee joint in Ministry of National Defense workers with a history of sprained knee or predisposition to injury.
<italic>Methods</italic>. The research was performed on 30 subjects, male and female, employees of the Ministry of National Defense, distributed in two experimental groups: G1 and G2.
<italic>Results.</italic> The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the applied program, both for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, in increasing postural balance and proprioceptive control.
<italic>Conclusions.</italic> Knee sprain is a trauma that occurs frequently among athletes. Like athletes, the Ministry of National Defense employees represent a population at high risk of injury or recurrence.
</abstract>

The effect of proprioceptive training in the STAR Excursion Balance Test (SEBT)

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>In order to achieve the great performance, the physical preparation represents one of the most important factors of the sports training. The development of speed, of force resistance and of skill at superior parameters should represent major objectives in the training of the football teams which aim to attain the top of the national and international hierarchies. The results of the assessments of the football games at high level, confirm this hypothesis that is why the physical preparation should be reconsidered and adapted to the requirements of the modern play. According to the opinion of the great specialists of the field, the physical qualities have a weight of 47% compared with the other qualities which a top football player should possess. For us the trainers, it is only about to find the most appropriate means in order to develop and exploit at maximum, those qualities</abstract>

Aspects Regarding the Role and the Importance of Physical Preparation in the Modern Football Game

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<sec><title style='display:none'>Introduction</title>The development and diversification of digital technologies in modern era has got a tremendous influence in the field of Physical Education too.This research‘s purpose is to examine the previous studies conducted upon the usage of these diverse digital technologies in the instructive and educational process for the subject of Physical Education.</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>Methods</title>Six electronic databases have been used to select the articles that include the usage of digital technologies for the Physical Education school subject. After applying the exclusion criteria, there have been selected and evaluated 26 scientific articles indexed during the years 2015 – 2016.</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>Results</title>We can notice that the worldwide technology evolution has contributed to the progressive growth of research regarding the usage of digital technologies even for the field of Physical Education. It was established that the technologies used for the lessons can improve the motor or moving skills and can improve the students motivational level for the Physical Education lessons. The current research also shows that digital technologies can be regarded as a way to involve students in cooperating with their peers. Important studies also refer to investigating the effects that short videos have upon the instructive and educational process itself as well as upon the students evaluation during the Physical Education classes. Using digital technologies (iPads, smartphones, tablets, audio players, computers and apps) doesn’t necessarily involves giving up to the traditional methods, but furthermore, using them simultaneously, can improve the entire learning process, increasing the quality of the lessons and attracting the students towards the Physical Education classes. The article also presents some barriers that can appear in the process of integrating these digital technologies into the lessons. We notice that combining more learning methods of teaching (the reverse learning method with different games, learning by following instructions given with the help of augmented reality, integrating different ways of playing) in the course of Physical Education can bring benefits upon the motor abilities or movements performed by students.</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>Conclusions</title>In most of the studies that were analysed it can be noticed that positive results in the instructive and educational process were obtained in regard of improving the motor skills, the students learning abilities and motivation as a result of merging and integrating different digital technologies in the Physical Education classes.</sec>
</abstract>

The Use of Digital Technologies in the Physical Education Lesson: A Systematic Analysis of Scientific Literature

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<italic>Introduction</italic>: Given that fitness facilities such as gyms, fitness clubs, and health clubs play an important role in the current era and they have the ability to offer opportunities for daily physical activity and leisure sports to many people, it is important to examine the factors that affect their members in adhering to consistent long- term physical activity.
<italic>Purpose</italic>: This study examines the factors that influence adherence to physical activity in the long term among members of various fitness facilities settings through a narrative review.
<italic>Material and methods</italic>: A search for studies and articles relating to adopting and maintaining regular physical activity in fitness facility settings was conducted using four electronic databases (EBSCO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). Search criteria included terms related to fitness facilities, physical activity, and adherence. Only academic articles that were peer-reviewed and published in academic journals were included.
<italic>Results:</italic> A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. The main factors affecting consistency and adherence to exercise at the fitness facilities were: social context, habit and past behavior, professional support, and personal characteristics. Motives and barriers also had an effect on the individual’s abilities to maintain the physical activity level.
<italic>Conclusion</italic>: The current review suggests that success in persevering and adhering to long-term physical activity within the fitness facility setting depends on a number of factors, the most significant being support from friends and family, professional support from fitness professionals, habit formation, and fulfillment of basic psychological needs.
</abstract>

The factors affecting adherence to physical activity in fitness facility settings: a narrative review

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<italic>Introduction:</italic> In the context in which physical activity is considered today to be a profession, the profile faculties must seek both, the readaptation of study programs to the requirements of the labor market and the updating of student recruitment policies. This study‘s <italic>aim</italic> is to analyse AVU‘s PESF admission trials from a bio-motric perspective, in order to improve the admission methodology.
<italic>Methods</italic>: The study is a longitudinal one, and subjects are applicants from the 2017 and 2018 academic year (N=117, M=25±9.20 years, out of which B=88, F=29). Methodological approach: a statistical analysis of applicants‘ admission trials using the IBM <italic>SPSS</italic> Statistics 19 (C.I. =95%) programme. Trial results have been equated to grades. Correspondingly, the gathered data has been compared to: 11th and 12th grade curricular areas, with data included in Faculty of Physical Education and Sport‘s Report (University of Bucharest) regarding the bio-motric potential of Romanian students (2015) as well as with admission methodology related data from other faculties.
<italic>Results</italic>: The gathered results – grouped per trial type- are: speed Ms= 7.3±2.47, standing jump Msj=6.6±2.46, push up Mpu= 9.86±0.73, football Mf=8.18±1.71, handball Mh= 6.83±2.82, basketball Mb=6.56±4.24, volleyball Mv=8.87±0.97, gymnastics Mg=7.83±1.94.
<italic>Conclusions</italic>: AVU‘s FEFS admission policy requires better suited trials in relation to the bio-motric potential (qualities and motor skills) of today‘s graduates. Also, FEFS‘ educational offer (meaning study programmes, study subjects, curricular content) must be able to better cover work force dynamics and labour market requirements.
</abstract>

Methodological aspects regarding the admission criteria to Physical Education and Sport Faculties for a better insertion on the labor market

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<italic>Introduction</italic>: The current handball performance, both nationally and internationally, has obvious progress in terms of the dynamics of the game in all phases of its development in attack and defense, characterized by the speed and complexity of development throughout the game. Anthropometric parameters and physical tests have been identified as fundamental to determining the success of handball performance. Examining fitness profiles could be of great importance for the optimal preparation of training plans and the orthopedic care of high-performance handball players.
<italic>Materials and methods</italic>: Seven athletes from the handball club SCM Politehnica Timișoara, aged between 21 and 35, participated in this study. The tests conducted were aimed at evaluating the following parameters: body composition, strength of the lower and upper limbs and speed endurance.
<italic>Results</italic>: The results obtained in body composition show an average value for weight of 90.14 ± 8.35kg, for BF 15.55 ± 2.79% and for BMI 25.32 ± 0.98 kg/m2. In dynamometric tests, the mean values were obtained for VJ height of 27.85 ± 6.02 cm, for CMJ height the value of 28.07 ± 2.74 cm and for SJ height the value of 27.42 ± 2.67 cm. The mean value for the maximum oxygen consumption VO2max was 49.32 ± 2.32 ml / kg / min, and for the total distance traveled was obtained, 1714.28 ± 208.7 m.
<italic>Conclusions</italic>: Analyzing the data obtained and by comparison with international average reference values, it can be concluded that a specific physical training regime based on the level and position of the player on the field is needed to improve the technical procedures during the match and prevent injuries.
</abstract>

Physical characteristics of handball elite male players

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<italic>Introduction</italic>: In handball, the time for physical training is limited, because the focus is placed on the technical-tactical and mental aspects. The introduction of specific physical training is crucial in increasing the sports performance. Even though handball is a team sport, match analysis has shown that physical training in modern handball should be pointed towards the specific playing position and individual physical ability of the players.
<italic>Materials and methods</italic>: The subjects who participated in this are from two groups: the control group consisting of 16 junior I athletes aged 16-18 years, from the CSM Resita handball club, and the experimental group represented by 16 junior I athletes aged between 16-18 years old, from the handball club SCM Politehnica Timișoara. On the experimental group, it was applied in addition to the specific training program, an additional strength training program to increase strength and endurance. The tests aimed to evaluate the following parameters: specific power and specific energy of lower and upper limbs or aerobic fitness.
<italic>Results and discussions</italic>: For both dynamometric and endurance tests, statistically significant differences for all parameters have been registered only for the experimental group. The results showed an important improvement in the variables of the experimental group after training.
<italic>Conclusions</italic>: The objective to improve the physical training of junior handball players by applying a complementary training program was achieved.
</abstract>

Training effects on physical fitness and vertical jumps of junior handball players

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<italic>Introduction:</italic> Hydrotherapy is a common comfort measure, treatment and care intervention and it is a therapy prescribed in several clinical specialties for soothing and health-promoting qualities.
<italic>Aim:</italic> Through this study, we aimed to analyze as many articles as possible on the topic of hydrotherapy as a spine ailments recovery method. At the same time, we wanted to follow what kind of recovery programs or exercises have been performed with patients in the water and which of them have given the best results.
<italic>Material and method:</italic> We searched and analyzed articles published in the 2011-2022 period, using the Google Scholar search engine and databases such as Science Direct, PubMed and Research Gate. Initially, we selected a total of 65 articles, of which, following the use of exclusion criteria, we were left with a number of 10 articles.
<italic>Results:</italic> It was observed that hydrotherapy or exercises performed in water have multiple beneficial effects on the human body, especially in people suffering from various diseases of the lumbar spine.
<italic>Conclusions:</italic> We conclude that hydrotherapy is a beneficial treatment method in the rehabilitation of various spine conditions, both used independently and in association with other accessible treatment methods.
</abstract>

Review study on hydrotherapy and AQUA therapy in spine disorders

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The aim of the present study was to investigate the serving techniques in male top level volleyball, especially the tactical and spatial behavior of the servers and receiving opponents focusing on the pros and cons of the different serving techniques. An analysis was made of 4552 serves from 28 matches played during the 2008-2009 regular season of the Italian volleyball male Top League. Serving techniques were categorized into Jump Serve (JS), Float Jump Serve (FJS) and Float Serve (FS), and for each serve several parameters were recorded: role of the server (Setter - S, Hitter - H, and Middle Blocker - MB), kind of serve (JS, FJS, FS), number of players defending the serve (Defense), difficulty in receiving the serve (RS), evaluation of serve outcome (EV), and defensive court zone where the ball was directed (FZ). The results confirmed the largest use of the JS (69.9%), followed by the FJS (26.9%) and the FS (3.3%). There were significant relationships between the serve technique, the EV, the Defense and the FZ where the serves were directed (Chi-Square <italic>p</italic> = 0.000). The zone absolutely most hit was the posterior/central, followed by the left/posteriors. There were significant differences in the RS difficulty for the JS respect to FJS (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001) and FS (<italic>p</italic> = 0.000) and also for the defensive strategies performed: a defense strategy with 2 defenders showed significant and better score during the reception respect to that with 3 (<italic>p</italic> = 0.000). No statistical relationship was found between the role of the server and other parameters. These results are consistent with previous studies in which JS showed to be the most powerful technique in terms of increasing defensive difficulties but, at the same time, with a fairly high percentage of errors. This issue must be taken into consideration in crucial phases of the game, and the serving techniques must be used strategically. JS can be very useful for increasing the defensive “conflict zones” with the aim to score a direct ace or to make the offensive maneuver difficult after reception. FJS can be useful when there is the need to aim a specific FZ and prepare the team for the next defense action. Scouting or match analysis procedure of the serving statistics should be performed during the game to better indicate the serve strategy to choose.</abstract>

PhD, Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and biotechnology, Human Movement and Sport Science Faculty, L’Aquila University, L’Aquila, Italy

PhD, Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and biotechnology, Human Movement and Sport Science Faculty, L’Aquila University, Sport Science Faculty, Urbino University “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy

Professor, MD, Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and biotechnology, Human Movement and Sport Science Faculty, L’Aquila University, L’Aquila, Italy

Professor, School of Sport Science, Urbino University “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy

MD, Associate Professor, Department Sport Science Faculty, Urbino University “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy

Notational Analysis of the Volleyball Serve

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common muskuloscheletal disorders. It is associated with high costs in medical assistance and indirect losses through temporary work incapacity. Therefore, it represents a challenge for medical practice. There are many types of treatments and recommendations depending on doctors’ knowledge and opinions, but two protocols stand out due to their ―popularity‖: the Williams and McKenzie protocols. Given the duration of flares and relapses rate, it is important to apply an efficient and lasting treatment. This is why the aim of the present study is to compare these two protocols, McKenzie and Williams, in terms of principles and exercises, in order to reveal wich one is more suitable in LBP recovery. In the end, the McKenzie protocol proved to be superior to the Williams program in terms of pain relief, lumbar mobility and number of sessions needed to recover. Another finding was that the two programs are not totally contradictory, but they are just applied in different stages of the LBP syndrome, depending on several anatomical and pathological factors.</abstract>

Therapeutic Considerations and Recovery in Low Back Pain: Williams vs McKenzie

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>An uncomon cause of sciatica is piriformis syndrome, that involves deep buttock pain reffered to the leg. Piriformis syndrome is usually discribed as a neuromuscular disorder caused by compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle. There are a lot of means to diagnose Piriformis syndrome, and to distinguish it from other pain inducing conditions. Unfortunatelly not every practitioner has the opportunity to use special means, and not every patient has the financial support to beneficiate of the same special means, represented by Computed tomography (CT), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Electromyography (EMG) and Neurography. For this reason, the present paper gathered the most popular functional tests used in the practice to diagnose the piriformis syndrome</abstract>

Diagnostic Methods in Piriformis Syndrome

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><italic>Introduction</italic>: The COVID-19 Pandemic started in December 2019 in China and it affected millions of people, forcing them to radically change their lifestyle.<italic>Aim</italic>: Thus, the idea of starting a study that evaluates the effects of the online media transfer on the life routine of PESF-WUT students was outlined, becoming the purpose of the present paper.<italic>Material and methods</italic>: This study consisted of analyzing a developed questionnaire applied on a study group of 334 students from PESF–WUT, which evaluated 3 aspects of our students’ life: the educational aspect, physical activity and leisure time.<italic>Results</italic>: The results revealed that COVID-19 Pandemic was a major life changing factor for our students, affecting all aspects of their daily routines. The evaluation of behavior regarding physical activity revealed that this component of our students’ life is of great importance in both the educational and leisure aspects of life.<italic>Conclusion</italic>: The study revealed that face to face, interpersonal contact has a great impact for both educational performance and the psychological and social aspect, by keeping the level of motivation at high standards. Last but not least, physical activity performed even in unusual conditions, such as Pandemic lockdowns has a great influence on stress management.</abstract>

Being a student at the Faculty of Sports and Physical Education in COVID-19 Pandemic times - A moment in life

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><italic>Background:</italic> Rhythm as a core element of complex coordination is the key to efficient moulding of motor skills specific to sports activities in curricula. Practicing physical exercise in a varied rhythm and tempo in primary school students moulds the skill of achieving correct movement basics (direction, span, coordination, and expressivity). The use of music in sports classes improves kinetics and vestibular sensitivity. The sense of rhythm and tempo are imperative criteria in vocational schools. <italic>Purpose:</italic> This paper aims to describe a pattern of means selected to develop the sense of rhythm and to allow movements in different sports branches with increased efficiency. <italic>Methods:</italic> The test battery was applied on a sample of 15 students from the 4th grade of the “Ion Vidu” National Arts College in Timisoara, Romania, aged 9-10 years, over an entire school year, using different rhythms and tempos during sports classes, which were later used in gymnastics, athletic events, and basketball. <italic>Results:</italic> Data recorded after the application tests, processed and interpreted confirms the proposed assumption and validates the motor contents used. Conclusions: Sense of rhythm is a component of coordinative capacity that is required to be educated from an early age. Rhythmic movements are easier to automate saving energy and motivating students to an active and conscious participation.</abstract>

Educating the sense of rhythm in primary education students

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Purpose: To establish the prevalence of fruit, vegetables and fast food consumption among students from Timisoara university center and provide evidence based information for increasing healthy food choices in order to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Material and Methods: We perform a cross-sectional study on 435 university students from the Timisoara university center, Romania (mean age: 22±4.8 years). The students were recruited using internet and public announcements in the student’s campus. All students completed a self administered diet questionnaire. Results: Two thirds of students are not eating fruits and vegetables daily. The prevalence of daily fruit consumption is even lower - 25%. Regarding fast food consumption we found that 26% of students are often consume these unhealthy products. Three main determinants was identified for choosing unhealthy diet: lack of time, school programme and lack of money. Conclusions: The unhealthy food consumption among students from Timisoara university center is highly prevalent. Increasing students’ nutrition-information knowledge and provision of nutrition education is recommended.</abstract>

Associate Professor, Physical Education and Sport Faculty, West University of Timisoara

Professor, Physical Education and Sport Faculty, West University of Timisoara

Fruit, Vegatables and Fast Food Consumption among University Students

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Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal

The Journal of West University of Timisoara

 Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal will publish high quality manuscripts covering the entire area of it´s interdisciplinary content; our first goal is to...

 Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal will publish high quality manuscripts covering the entire area of it´s...