<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of garlic oil, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, thymol, and thyme oil on growth and biofilm formation of <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> and <italic>Salmonella</italic> serotypes, including field isolates from livestock animals. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined using broth micro-dilution method. Biofilm biomass was assessed by measuring the attached biomass with microtiter plate assay and crystal violet (CV) staining. The strongest antimicrobial effects on <italic>E. coli</italic> serotypes were observed for thymol at 150 ppm, followed by carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde at 300 ppm and thyme oil at 600 ppm. Similar results were obtained with <italic>Salmonella</italic> serotypes except for carvacrol (MIC value at 150 ppm). Garlic oil showed no growth inhibition on serotypes of <italic>E. coli</italic> and <italic>Salmonella</italic> up to 10000 ppm. Cinnamaldehyde proved to be the most effective substance in reducing <italic>E. coli</italic> CV-biofilm formation at sub-MIC level with a threshold concentration of 5 ppm, followed by carvacrol, thymol, and thyme oil at 40 ppm and garlic oil at 10000 ppm. CV-biofilm formation of <italic>Salmonella</italic> serotypes at sub-MIC level was clearly reduced with 40 ppm cinnamaldehyde and 80 ppm carvacrol, thymol, and thyme oil. No reduction of CV-biofilm formation was observed with garlic oil. The present study demonstrates a strong antibacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, thymol, and thyme oil. Similar response of field isolates and type strains to these phytogenics suggests a general effect within the bacterial species tested. All four substances were also able to reduce CV-biofilm formation at sub-MIC level. Investigating phytogenics with bacterial field isolates contributes to the development of feed additives as alternatives to antibiotics in animal feed to increase productivity and animal welfare in modern livestock production.
</abstract>

AGES GmbH, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety

Effects of phytogenic substances on growth and biofilm formation of <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> and <italic>Salmonella</italic> field isolates

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

A 72-day feeding trial was conducted at Sagana fish farm to assess the effects of substitution of fish meal (FM) with black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) on the growth performance and survival rates of Nile tilapia. Four test diets were formulated and substitution of FM by BSFLM made at 0%, 33%, 67% and 100%. 240 male Nile tilapia (52.3 ± 0.29 g) were divided into 4 groups (4 replicates) each and were placed in 16 hapa nets (15 fish/hapa), mounted in an 800 m2 earthen pond. Fish were fed twice per day at 5% of the body weight. Sampling of the fish was done biweekly; mortalities were recorded daily while the physico-chemical parameters were monitored weekly. The growth performance and survival rates of the Nile tilapia were not significantly different (<italic>p</italic> > 0.05) between treatments. In conclusion, the present study indicates that full fat BSFLM can replace up to 100% of the FM without negative effects on the growth performance and survival rates of Nile tilapia, although the slight trend towards reduced growth for the 100% substitution diet points at the need for future studies on increasing the nutritional value of BSFLM, for example, by further processing.
</abstract>

Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences

Division of Livestock Sciences, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems

Growth performance and survival rates of Nile tilapia (<italic>Oreochromis niloticus</italic> L.) reared on diets containing Black soldier fly (<italic>Hermetia illucens</italic> L.) larvae meal

<trans-abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
In keeping of breeding sows, it is important to use the working time as efficiently as possible to ensure economics within legal production conditions. This can be supported by providing working time requirement data. Therefore, the aim of this study was to generate working time requirement of current group keeping systems in the waiting area of breeding sows. For this purpose, in the keeping systems for small groups with feeding bay and large groups with retrieval station, data was collected using mobile video technology and semi-standardized questionnaires at four farms with current technology. With the gained data, operating models were created under optimized conditions in order to display the working time requirement of work processes for different stock sizes. Both keeping systems differed significantly from each other in the total working time requirement over different stock sizes. The total working time requirement in the waiting area with a typical herd size of 140 breeding sows of Austrian growing farms was 3.58 MPh/sow/year for the small group and 2.68 MPh/sow/year for the large group. The comparison of the available results with data from previous studies indicated the trend of decrease in working hours per sow and year. This was due to technical progress which enabled larger herd sizes.
</trans-abstract>

Arbeitszeitbedarf von aktuellen Gruppenhaltungsverfahren des Wartebereichs in konventioneller Zuchtsauenhaltung in Österreich

<trans-abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
In addition to soil structure and pore function disturbances, the impairments of natural soil functions on line construction sites (e. g. power cable routing) also include changes in the site-specific variable thermal-hydraulic properties in the area of the line trenches. Based on the pore size distribution values as a function of dry bulk density classes compiled in German Soil Classification system “KA5” (Ad-Hoc-AG-Boden, 2005), volumetric heat capacity (C), thermal conductivity (λ), and thermal diffusivity (k) can be calculated using the model of <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="j_boku-2021-0004_ref_023">Xie et al. (2018)</xref>. These calculated data are presented for the soil texture spectrum according to KA5, as well for selected textures (Sl3, Lt2, Tu3) and class ranges of dry bulk density (ρt).
The typical curves for C (linear increase), λ (increasingly flattening increase) and k (increase with reversal to negative slope) and their rise with increasing ρt (1.1–1.7 g cm−3) are shown. k varies depending on the proportions of clay, silt and sand within the soil texture class. The curve shapes between low and high ρt differ more for “Sl3” than for the finer-grained texture class “Tu3”. With the help of these data sets, changes in the heat balance and the thermal- hydraulic soil properties can be predicted for line projects in the power grid expansion before the start of construction measures, if soil texture and dry bulk density are determined by field description methods.
</trans-abstract>

Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU Kiel)

Derivation of the thermal soil functions by grain size and pore size distribution as a basis for in situ predictions of the soil heat balance

<trans-abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
In the H2020 project FATIMA (FArming Tools for external nutrient Inputs and water MAnagement) an integrated approach for the optimisation of nitrogen management in agriculture was applied. In addition to the technical component, which included the processing of Sentinel-2 satellite data, the socio-economic and agronomic aspects of improved nutrient management were investigated. The results show that farmers are mainly interested in timely application maps for variable-rate nitrogen application. In the course of the project not only a field trial for the validation of satellite data as a basis for an economic analysis was established, but also an online application for site-specific fertilisation based on current and historical satellite images was developed and tested.
</trans-abstract>

Universität für Bodenkultur Wien (BOKU)

Multidisciplinary studies on sustainable nitrogen fertilisation considering the potential of satellite-based precision agriculture

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Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment

“Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment” is an interdisciplinary forum dedicated to all aspects of research in the rural area. Our aim is to provide an international outlet for new results in all disciplines of land management, food, environment and related sciences.  The journal publishes in an open access model.  Rejection Rate   10 % (2014)   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process.  Copyright Policy  The work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.  Peer Review process  The journal uses a double-blind reviewing process, thus authors remain anonymous to referees and referees remain anonymous to authors. 

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Volume 72 (2021): Issue 1 (March 2021)

Research Article

Effects of phytogenic substances on growth and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella field isolates

Growth performance and survival rates of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) reared on diets containing Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae meal

Arbeitszeitbedarf von aktuellen Gruppenhaltungsverfahren des Wartebereichs in konventioneller Zuchtsauenhaltung in Österreich

Derivation of the thermal soil functions by grain size and pore size distribution as a basis for in situ predictions of the soil heat balance

Multidisciplinary studies on sustainable nitrogen fertilisation considering the potential of satellite-based precision agriculture

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