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Protective role of propolis on low and high dose furan-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats

Emre Kaya
Emre Kaya
, 
Seval Yılmaz
Seval Yılmaz
 y 
Songul Ceribasi
Songul Ceribasi
   | 13 sept 2019
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Publicado en línea: 13 sept 2019
Páginas: 423 - 431
Recibido: 13 feb 2019
Aceptado: 12 ago 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2019-0054
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© 2019 E. Kaya et al. published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Different origins of furan (adapted from Perez-Locas and Yaylayan (31))
Different origins of furan (adapted from Perez-Locas and Yaylayan (31))

Fig. 2

The livers of furan-treated rats. A – normal macroscopic view of the liver in the control group. B – focal congestion and pale yellow surface in the furan-L group. C – appearance of enlarged pale yellow liver with a rounded edge in the furan-H group
The livers of furan-treated rats. A – normal macroscopic view of the liver in the control group. B – focal congestion and pale yellow surface in the furan-L group. C – appearance of enlarged pale yellow liver with a rounded edge in the furan-H group

Fig. 3

A – control group: normal histological appearance of the liver. B – propolis group: normal histological appearance of the liver. C – furan-L group: slight macrovesicular lubrication in hepatocytes (arrowheads), periportal fibrosis and bile duct proliferation. D – furan-H group: severe and diffuse macrovesicular lubrication in hepatocytes (arrowheads), oval cell proliferation (*) and severe diffuse fibrosis in the liver parenchyma. E – furan-L+propolis group: cloudy swelling in pericentrally located hepatocytes (arrowheads). F – furan-H+propolis group: slight macrovesicular lubrication in hepatocytes (arrowheads) and mild periportal fibrosis. (HE, 50×)
A – control group: normal histological appearance of the liver. B – propolis group: normal histological appearance of the liver. C – furan-L group: slight macrovesicular lubrication in hepatocytes (arrowheads), periportal fibrosis and bile duct proliferation. D – furan-H group: severe and diffuse macrovesicular lubrication in hepatocytes (arrowheads), oval cell proliferation (*) and severe diffuse fibrosis in the liver parenchyma. E – furan-L+propolis group: cloudy swelling in pericentrally located hepatocytes (arrowheads). F – furan-H+propolis group: slight macrovesicular lubrication in hepatocytes (arrowheads) and mild periportal fibrosis. (HE, 50×)

The effect of propolis supplementation on liver histopathological changes

Control Propolis Furan-L Furan-H Furan-L+ Propolis Furan-H+ Propolis
Oval cell proliferation 0.0 ± 0.0d 0.0 ± 0.0d 1.67 ± 0.33b 3.00 ± 0.0a 0.0 ± 0.0d 1.00 ± 0.0c
Pseudo-inclusion 0.0 ± 0.0d 0.0 ± 0.0d 1.00 ± 0.0b 2.00 ± 0.0a 0.33 ± 0.21c 1.00 ± 0.0b
Nuclear atypia 0.0 ± 0.0b 0.0 ± 0.0b 1.33 ± 0.21a 1.50 ± 0.22a 0.33 ± 0.21b 1.00 ± 0.0a
Karyomegaly 0.0 ± 0.0c 0.0 ± 0.0c 1.17 ± 0.17ab 1.50 ± 0.22a 1.00 ± 0.0b 1.00 ± 0.0b
Macrovesicular fatty 0.0 ± 0.0c 0.0 ± 0.0c 1.00 ± 0.37b 3.00 ± 0.0a 0.67 ± 0.21b 1.00 ± 0.0b
Apoptotic body 0.0 ± 0.0d 0.0 ± 0.0d 1.33 ± 0.21b 2.00 ± 0.0a 1.00 ± 0.0c 2.00 ± 0.0a
Periportal fibrosis 0.0 ± 0.0c 0.0 ± 0.0c 1.33 ± 0.21b 2.50 ± 0.22a 1.00 ± 0.0b 1.00 ± 0.0b
Pericentral fibrosis 0.0 ± 0.0c 0.0 ± 0.0c 0.33 ± 0.21bc 0.50 ± 0.22b 0.0 ± 0.0c 1.00 ± 0.0a
Capsular fibrosis 0.0 ± 0.0b 0.0 ± 0.0b 0.17 ± 0.17b 1.00 ± 0.45a 0.33 ± 0.21ab 1.00 ± 0.0a
Bile duct proliferation 0.0 ± 0.0d 0.0 ± 0.0d 1.67 ± 0.21b 3.00 ± 0.0a 1.00 ± 0.0c 1.00 ± 0.0c
Nodule (adenoma) 0.0 ± 0.0b 0.0 ± 0.0b 0.17 ± 0.17ab 0.50 ± 0.22a 0.0 ± 0.0b 0.0 ± 0.0b
Sinusoidal congestion 0.0 ± 0.0d 0.0 ± 0.0d 1.50 ± 0.22b 2.00 ± 0.0a 1.33 ± 0.21bc 1.00 ± 0.0c
Periportal cell infiltration 0.0 ± 0.0e 0.0 ± 0.0e 1.50 ± 0.22c 2.50 ± 0.22a 1.00 ± 0.0d 2.00 ± 0.0b
Single cell necrosis 0.0 ± 0.0d 0.0 ± 0.0d 1.50 ± 0.22b 2.00 ± 0.0a 0.67 ± 0.21c 1.00 ± 0.0c
Bile pigment accumulation 0.0 ± 0.0c 0.0 ± 0.0c 1.00 ± 0.37b 2.00 ± 0.0a 0.67 ± 0.21b 1.00 ± 0.0b
Sinusoidal congestion 0.0 ± 0.0c 0.0 ± 0.0c 1.00 ± 0.0a 1.00 ± 0.0a 0.67 ± 0.21b 1.00 ± 0.0a
Parenchyma degeneration 0.0 ± 0.0c 0.0 ± 0.0c 1.50 ± 0.22b 2.00 ± 0.0a 1.33 ± 0.21b 2.00 ± 0.0a
Intestinal metaplasia in the bile duct epithelium 0.0 ± 0.0b 0.0 ± 0.0b 0.0 ± 0.0b 0.50 ± 0.24a 0.0 ± 0.0b 0.0 ± 0.0b

The effect of propolis supplementation on liver MDA and GSH levels and CAT, GSH-Px, GST, and SOD activities

Control Propolis Furan-L Furan-H Furan-L+ Prop. Furan-H+ Prop.
MDA (nmol/g tissue) 0.62 ± 0.02c 0.59 ± 0.02c 0.79 ± 0.04b 0.90 ± 0.05a 0.67 ± 0.03c 0.67 ± 0.01c
GSH (μmol/ml) 23.71 ± 0.30a 23.99 ± 0.21a 22.48 ± 0.35b 21.25 ± 0.30c 23.40 ± 0.24a 23.39 ± 0.29a
CAT (k/mg protein) 0.260 ± 0.02a 0.241 ± 0.01a 0.113 ± 0.02b 0.042 ± 0.01b 0.234 ± 0.02a 0.238 ± 0.01a
GSH-Px (U/g protein) 48.34 ± 2.83a 47.44 ± 2.09a 25.79 ± 2.42b 29.46 ± 0.82b 42.27 ± 1.16a 42.39 ± 2.46a
GST (U/mg protein) 23.19 ± 0.84a 21.05 ± 0.80ab 14.96 ± 0.84c 13.87 ± 1.02c 21.03 ± 0.90ab 19.97 ± 1.19b
SOD (U/g protein) 77.49 ± 0.25a 77.19 ± 0.31ab 74.18 ± 0.22c 73.00 ± 0.58c 76.10 ± 0.27ab 75.83 ± 0.81b

The effect of propolis supplementation on plasma AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH activities and cholesterol levels

Control Propolis Furan-L Furan-H Furan-L+ Prop. Furan-H+ Prop.
AST (U/L) 212.66 ± 22.09bc 192.0 ± 12.49c 236.00 ± 10.56bc 639.00 ± 27.71a** 192.66 ± 20.52c 261.00 ± 16.74b
ALT (U/L) 55.66 ± 2.69c 52.33 ± 3.65c 62.00 ± 4.70c 281.0 ± 3.46a** 42.33 ± 1.72c 124.50 ± 4.53b
ALP (U/L) 6.66 ± 0.21c 5.33 ± 0.55c 7.00 ± 0.80bc 9.50 ± 0.28a* 6.00 ± 0.36c 8.50 ± 0.28ab
LDH (U/L) 969.00 ± 143.21b 804.50 ± 112.87b 957.50 ± 32.75b 1647.33 ± 245.63a** 768.50 ± 101.32b 1557.50 ± 115.75a
Cholesterol (mg/dL) 50.66 ± 0.84 47.00 ± 2.19 56.75 ± 2.89 57.00 ± 1.15 45.66 ± 1.87 47.00 ± 1.15
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