Crop (year) | Gleyic Phaeozem | Calcaric Phaeozem | Calcic Chernozem | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current | Predicted | Current | Predicted | Current | Predicted | |
Spring wheat (2017) | 112 (19) | 35 (4) | 150 (38) | 73 (56) | 81 (19) | 33 (30) |
Mustard (2017–2018) | 351 (38) | 360 (43) | 199 (63) | 177 (17) | 247 (88) | 351 (81) |
Spring barley (2018) | 542 (56) | 352 (56) | 247 (104) | 145 (122) | 327 (68) | 249 (44) |
Weed (2018) | 119 (47) | 104 (53) | 121 (36) | 100 (40) | 118 (88) | 70 (27) |
Winter wheat (2019) | 953 (119) | 562 (118) | 456 (12) | 242 (83) | 625 (140) | 564 (37) |
Weed (2019) | 12 (10) | 6 (7) | 33 (16) | 3 (0) | 35 (14) | 8 (9) |
Parameter | Pg | Ps | Ch |
---|---|---|---|
pH | 7.92 ± 0.04 | 7.93 ± 0.03 | 7.94 ± 0.03 |
CaCO3 (%) | 29.0 ± 1.0 | 13.9 ± 0.4 | 20.9 ± 1.0 |
Total organic C (%) | 2.32 ± 0.09 | 1.93 ± 0.12 | 2.91 ± 0.04 |
Total N (%) | 0.211 ± 0.012 | 0.102 ± 0.005 | 0.227 ± 0.005 |
Available N (mg/kg/7 d) | 57.9 ± 5.7 | 37.5 ± 5.5 | 59.2 ± 4.5 |
Available P (mg/kg) | 62.5 ± 5.2 | 134.3 ± 3.8 | 81.0 ± 6.2 |
Available K (mg/kg) | 82.02 ± 13.5 | 57.0 ± 8.5 | 73.5 ± 8.0 |
CEC (cmolc/kg) | 25.9 ± 1.2 | 13.8 ± 0.4 | 28.9 ± 0.3 |
Ca (% from CEC) | 76.5 ± 1.4 | 78.1 ± 0.7 | 78.4 ± 1.0 |
Mg (% from CEC) | 19.8 ± 1.2 | 18.0 ± 0.6 | 18.6 ± 0.9 |
K (% from CEC) | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 |
Na (% from CEC) | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.3 |
Aggregate stability (%) | 21.3 ± 5.5 | 23.2 ± 8.5 | 30.7 ± 6.8 |
Crop (year)/part | Gleyic Phaeozem | Calcaric Phaeozem | Calcic Chernozem | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current | Predicted | Current | Predicted | Current | Predicted | |
Spring wheat (2017)/grain | −25.3 (0.6) | −23.6 (0.8) | −24.8 (0.8) | −23.7 (0.4) | −25.1 (1.0) | −24.4 (1.0) |
Spring wheat (2017)/straw | −27.2 (1.0) | −26.0 (0.3) | −26.9 (0.3) | −26.0 (0.4) | −26.5 (0.6) | −25.5 (0.3) |
Spring barley (2018)/grain | −27.1 (0.2) | −26.0 (0.3) | −25.2 (1.0) | −24.6 (0.7) | −27.9 (0.4) | −27.5 (0.3) |
Spring barley (2018)/straw | n.d. | n.d. | −26.5 (0.3) | −25.7 (0.2) | −28.0 (0.3) | −27.1 (0.1) |
Winter wheat (2019)/grain | −26.4 (0.1) | −24.6 (0.1) | −24.4 (0.1) | −23.6 (0.9) | −26.9 (0.8) | −25.1 (0.0) |
Winter wheat (2019)/straw | −28.3 (0.8) | −27.5 (0.4) | −27.6 (0.5) | −26.7 (0.3) | −28.2 (0.4) | −27.6 (0.6) |
Parameter | Unit | Soil | Precipitation | Year | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | F | |||||
Crop | g m−2 | 25.8/Pg, Ch | <0.001 | 34.1/curr | <0.001 | <0.001 |
- Grain | g m−2 | 30.9/Pg, Ch | <0.001 | 42.9/curr | <0.001 | <0.001 |
- Straw | g m−2 | 16.4/Pg | <0.001 | 20.5/curr | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Harvest index | 2.004 | 0.150 | 7.98/curr | 0.008 | 0.031 | |
Weed |
g m−2 | 0.08 | 0.924 | 3.75 | 0.065 | <0.001 |
Grain N | % | 0.76 | 0.474 | 0.60 | 0.444 | 0.005 |
Straw N |
% | 0.79 | 0.461 | 12.3/pre | 0.001 | <0.001 |
Grain δ15N | ‰ | 40.3/Pg | <0.001 | 6.09/curr | 0.019 | <0.001 |
Straw δ15N |
‰ | 11.0/Ch | <0.001 | 0.16 | 0.688 | <0.001 |
Grain C | % | 4.19/PS, Ch | 0.024 | 0.248 | 0.662 | 0.061 |
Straw C |
% | 5.94/PS | 0.006 | 0.50 | 0.485 | <0.001 |
Grain δ13C | ‰ | 28.4/PS | <0.001 | 33.8/pre | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Straw δ13C |
‰ | 10.2/PS | <0.001 | 38.7/pre | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Spring barley – harvest 23.07.2018 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Unit | Soil | Precipitation | ||
F | F | ||||
Grain N | % | 0.24 | 0.792 | 3.11 | 0.103 |
Straw N |
% | 7.71/PS | 0.024 | 1.76 | 0.221 |
Grain δ15N | ‰ | 15.2/Pg | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.919 |
Straw δ15N |
‰ | 0.05 | 0.834 | 4.92 | 0.057 |
Grain C | % | 1.39 | 0.286 | 0.46 | 0.512 |
Straw C |
% | 7.11/PS | 0.028 | 0.76 | 0.409 |
Grain δ13C | ‰ | 37.5/PS Pg | <0.001 | 7.15/pre | 0.020 |
Straw δ13C |
‰ | 117/PS | <0.001 | 40.5/pre | <0.001 |
Parameter | Unit | Soil | Precipitation | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | F | ||||
Spring wheat | g m−2 | 4.47/PS | 0.035 | 19.6/curr | <0.001 |
- Grain | g m−2 | 2.60 | 0.115 | 12.8/curr | 0.004 |
- Straw | g m−2 | 6.17/PS | 0.014 | 19.2/curr | <0.001 |
Mustard | g m−2 | 12.0 | 0.001 | 1.14 | 0.306 |
Spring barley | g m−2 | 12.4/Pg | 0.001 | 8.76/curr | 0.012 |
- Grain | g m−2 | 12.2/Pg | 0.001 | 8.73/curr | 0.012 |
- Straw | g m−2 | 4.09/Pg | 0.044 | 6.97/curr | 0.022 |
Weed | g m−2 | 0.208 | 0.815 | 1.29 | 0.279 |
Winter wheat | g m−2 | 18.6/Pg | <0.001 | 16.3/curr | 0.002 |
- Grain | g m−2 | 28.6/Pg | <0.001 | 27.6/curr | <0.001 |
- Straw | g m−2 | 14.3/Pg | <0.001 | 9.15/curr | 0.011 |
Weed | g m−2 | 2.27 | 0.146 | 17.0/curr | 0.001 |
Parameter | Unit | Soil | Precipitation | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | F | ||||
Spring wheat – harvest 20.07.2017 | |||||
Grain N | % | 16.8/Pg, Ch | <0.001 | 5.11/pre | 0.043 |
Straw N | % | 13.4/Pg, Ch | <0.001 | 9.65/pre | 0.009 |
Grain δ15N | ‰ | 7.61/Pg | 0.007 | 4.46 | 0.056 |
Straw δ15N | ‰ | 10.1/Pg, Ch | 0.003 | 2.78 | 0.121 |
Grain C | % | 8.11/Pg, Ch | 0.006 | 0.61 | 0.450 |
Straw C | % | 4.49 | 0.035 | 0.71 | 0.416 |
Grain δ13C | ‰ | 0.61 | 0.561 | 8.83/pre | 0.012 |
Straw δ13C | ‰ | 2.16 | 0.158 | 15.2/pre | 0.002 |
Spring wheat – leaf 06.07.2017 | |||||
Leaf N | % | 19.0/Pg, Ch | <0.001 | 5.11/pre | 0.043 |
Leaf δ15N | ‰ | 8.96/Pg | 0.004 | 14.0/curr | 0.003 |
Leaf C | % | 0.088 | 0.916 | 3.97 | 0.070 |
Leaf δ13C | ‰ | 2.13 | 0.161 | 30.8/pre | <0.001 |
Mustard leaf 24.10.2017 | |||||
Mustard N | % | 41.3/Pg | <0.001 | 17.1/pre | 0.003 |
Mustard δ15N | ‰ | 0.52 | 0.609 | 1.52 | 0.241 |
Mustard C | % | 3.59 | 0.063 | 4.50 | 0.057 |
Mustard δ13C | ‰ | 0.65 | 0.538 | 4.18 | 0.064 |
Crop | Sowing | Harvest | Crop residue management |
---|---|---|---|
Spring wheat ( |
04.04.2017 | 20.07.2017 | Crop residues removed |
White mustard ( |
24.08.2017 | 07.03.2018 | Mustard residues were mulched and incorporated into the soil on 09.04.2018 |
Spring barley ( |
09.04.2018 | 23.07.2018 | Crop residues removed |
Winter wheat ( |
11.10.2018 | 03.07.2019 | Crop residues incorporated |
Fertilization date | Pg | Ps | Ch |
---|---|---|---|
04.04.2017 | 55 | 40 | 55 |
08.05.2018 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
20.03.2019 | 40 | 35 | 40 |
16.04.2019 | 65 | 45 | 65 |
16.05.2019 | 45 | 40 | 45 |
Parameter | Winter wheat – harvest 03.07.2019 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unit | Soil | Precipitation | ||||
F | p | F | p | |||
Grain N | % | 0.77 | 0.488 | 0.41 | 0.536 | |
Straw N | % | 2.10 | 0.166 | 4.92/pre | 0.047 | |
Grain δ15N | ‰ | 36.8/Pg, Ch | <0.001 | 5.74/curr | 0.038 | |
Straw δ15N | ‰ | 5.22/Pg | 0.023 | 0.17 | 0.688 | |
Grain C | % | 91.6/Pg | <0.001 | 0.00 | 0.987 | |
Straw C | % | 5.79/PS, Ch | 0.017 | 0.60 | 0.452 | |
Grain δ13C | ‰ | 13.2/PS | 0.002 | 21.1/pre | 0.001 | |
Straw δ13C | ‰ | 4.05/PS | 0.045 | 8.38/pre | 0.013 |