Hyper-inflammation after COVID-19 mARN vaccination: at the crossroads of multisystem inflammatory disease and adult-onset Still’s disease. Does terminology matter?

1. VOGEL TP, TOP KA, KARATZIOS C, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adults (MIS-C/A): Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine. 2021;39(22):3037.10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.054Search in Google Scholar

2. COLAFRANCESCO S, ALESSANDRI C, CONTI F, PRIORI R. COVID-19 gone bad: A new character in the spectrum of the hyperferritinemic syndrome? Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19(7):102573.10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102573Search in Google Scholar

3. SALZMAN M, HUANG C-W, O’BRIEN C, CASTILLO R. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination. Emerg Infect Dis J. 2021;27(7). doi:10.3201/eid2707.21059410.3201/eid2707.210594Search in Google Scholar

4. http://saintantoine.aphp.fr/score/ (last accessed on 28/07/2021)Search in Google Scholar

5. ANGELI F, SPANEVELLO A, REBOLDI G, VISCA D, VERDECCHIA P. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: Lights and shadows. Eur J Intern Med. 2021;88:1–8.10.1016/j.ejim.2021.04.019Search in Google Scholar

6. WATAD A, DE MARCO G, MAHAJNA H, et al. Immune-mediated disease flares or new-onset disease in 27 subjects following mrna/dna sars-cov-2 vaccination. Vaccines. 2021;9(5).10.3390/vaccines9050435Search in Google Scholar

7. MEHTA P, CRON RQ, HARTWELL J, MANSON JJ, TATTERSALL RS. Silencing the cytokine storm: the use of intravenous anakinra in haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis or macrophage activation syndrome. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020;2(6):e358-e367.10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30096-5Search in Google Scholar

8. CARCILLO JA, KERNAN KK, HORVAT CM, SIMON DW, ANEJA RK. Why and How Is Hyperferritinemic Sepsis Different From Sepsis Without Hyperferritinemia? Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2020;21(5):509.10.1097/PCC.0000000000002285Search in Google Scholar

9. AU L, FENDLER A, SHEPHERD STC, et al. Cytokine release syndrome in a patient with colorectal cancer after vaccination with BNT162b2. Nat Med 2021. May 2021:1-5. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01387-610.1038/s41591-021-01387-6Search in Google Scholar

10. LEONE F, CERASUOLO PG, BOSELLO SL, et al. Adult-onset Still’s disease following COVID-19 vaccination. Lancet Rheumatol. July 2021. doi:10.1016/s2665-9913(21)00218-610.1016/S2665-9913(21)00218-6Search in Google Scholar