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Assessing the innovative skills and competencies required of construction management graduates

James Olaonipekun Toyin
James Olaonipekun Toyin
 and 
Modupe Cecilia Mewomo
Modupe Cecilia Mewomo
   | Sep 14, 2023
Organization, Technology and Management in Construction: an International Journal's Cover Image
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Article Category: Research Paper
Published Online: Sep 14, 2023
Page range: 90 - 106
Received: Aug 01, 2022
Accepted: Apr 16, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2023-0002
Keywords
© 2023 James Olaonipekun Toyin et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1:

Categories of respondents.
Categories of respondents.

Fig. 2.

Years of experience.
Years of experience.

Fig. 3:

Competencies variable extraction.
Competencies variable extraction.

Construction manager competencies expected skills variable analysis

Descriptive statistics (variables = 13; N = 330)
Coding Mean Std. deviation RII Ranking
CMES5 4.68 0.567 0.93 1st
CMES1 4.51 0.681 0.90 2nd
CMES13 4.41 0.693 0.88 3rd
CMES12 4.38 0.727 0.87 4th
CMES6 4.37 0.686 0.87 5th
CMES11 4.37 0.650 0.87 6th
CMES10 4.33 0.746 0.86 7th
CMES2 4.33 0.733 0.86 8th
CMES4 4.33 0.694 0.86 9th
CMES3 4.30 0.789 0.86 10th
CMES8 4.28 0.721 0.85 11th
CMES7 4.26 0.776 0.85 12th
CMES9 4.25 0.824 0.85 13th

Data reliability test

KMO and Bartlett’s test
Competencies variables 27 Skills variables 13
KMO measure of sampling adequacy 0.892 0.893
Bartlett’s test of sphericity Approx. chi-square 2006.213 775.901
Df 351 78
Sig. 0.000 0.000

Cronbach’s α test

Reliability statistics
Cronbach’s α Cronbach’s α based on standard-ised items N variable
Expected competency 0.881 0.880 27
Expected skills 0.813 0.813 13

Criteria guide for EFA

S. No. Criteria Parameter
1. Factor loading value ≥0.35
2. Eigen factor value >1
3. KMO test ≥0.5
4. Correlation matrix of variables ≥0.05
5. Test of sphericity anti-image <0.05
6. Percentage of variance ≥50%
7. Variable communality value ≥0.05 Variable communality value ≥0.05
8. Parallel analysis test Real eigenvalue factor > random order eigenvalue factor

Component clustering (competencies)

Rotated component matrix
Component
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
CMC7 0.659
CMC19 0.641
CMC16 0.596
CMC22 0.469
CMC2 0.708
CMC3 0.6200
CMC20 0.496
CMC4 0.495
CMC8 0.405
CMC18 0.657
CMC21 0.566
CMC17 0.534
CMC24 0.424
CMC5 0.733
CMC14 0.564
CMC13 0.423
CMC12 0.423
CMC6 0.358
CMC9 0.640
CMC11 0.593
CMC10 0.468
CMC1 0.459
CMC15 X X X X X X X
CMC26 0.751
CMC23 0.550
CMC25 X X X X X X X
CMC27 0.820

Critical competencies expected of CMG

S/N Coding Expected competency References
1. CMC1 Team leadership and management Love et al. 2001; Dainty et al. 2004; Male et al. 2010; Affandi et al. 2013; Benhart and Shaurette 2013; Jabar et al. 2013; Mühlbacher et al. 2013; Abdullah et al. 2017; Mitcheltree et al. 2019; Wang and Cheng 2022
2. CMC2 Knowledge of the biding and tendering process Benhart and Shaurette 2013; Wang and Cheng 2022
3. CMC3 Risk management Abdullah et al. 2017; Wang and Cheng 2022
4. CMC4 Pre-contract planning and programming Affandi et al. 2013; Wang and Cheng 2022
5. CMC5 Honesty and integrity Love et al. 2001; Dainty et al. 2004; Benhart and Shaurette 2013; Jabar et al. 2013; Pellisé Tintoré 2014; Mitcheltree et al. 2019
6. CMC6 Site survey and analysis of construction site Love et al. 2001; Jabar et al. 2013; Abdullah et al. 2017; Wang and Cheng 2022
7. CMC7 Analysing design solutions Affandi et al. 2013; Benhart and Shaurette 2013; Jabar et al. 2013; Wang and Cheng 2022
8. CMC8 Basic knowledge of procurement Affandi et al. 2013, Benhart and Shaurette 2013; Jabar et al. 2013; Wang and Cheng 2022
9. CMC9 Client care Dainty et al. 2004; Affandi et al. 2013; Jabar et al. 2013; Abdullah et al. 2017; Wang and Cheng 2022
10. CMC10 Basic knowledge of various forms of building and construction contracts Jabar et al. 2013; Abdullah et al. 2017; Wang and Cheng 2022
11. CMC11 Conflict avoidance and management or interpersonal understanding Affandi et al. 2013; Jabar et al. 2013; Abdullah et al. 2017; Vaz-Serra and Mitcheltree 2021
12. CMC12 Ability to set up an expediting log and procurement, submittal of log Benhart and Shaurette 2013; Vaz-Serra and Mitcheltree 2021
13. CMC13 Basic knowledge of health and safety in construction practice Love et al. 2001; Affandi et al. 2013; Benhart and Shaurette 2013; Abdullah et al. 2017
14. CMC14 Basic understanding of construction drawing interpretation Male et al. 2010; Benhart and Shaurette 2013; Plawgo and Ertman 2021
15. CMC15 Contract administering and managing subcontracts Affandi et al. 2013; Abdullah et al. 2017; Mitcheltree et al. 2019
16. CMC16 Competency in the reviewing and selection of qualified subcontractors Benhart and Shaurette 2013; Jabar et al. 2013; Vaz-Serra and Mitcheltree 2021
17. CMC17 Tool and machine maintenance and quality management competency Male et al. 2010; Affandi et al. 2013; Benhart and Shaurette 2013; Abdullah et al. 2017
18. CMC18 Labour and resource management Affandi et al. 2013; Benhart and Shaurette 2013; Jabar et al. 2013; Abdullah et al. 2017
19. CMC19 Ability to manage project variations, cash flow forecasting and monitoring Jabar et al. 2013; Mitcheltree et al. 2019; Wang and Cheng 2022
20. CMC20 Knowledge and understanding of project specifications Love et al. 2001; Male et al. 2010; Benhart and Shaurette 2013; Vaz-Serra and Mitcheltree 2021
21. CMC21 Ability to prepare the schedule of work and project progress and technical report Affandi et al. 2013; Benhart and Shaurette 2013; Wang and Cheng 2022
22. CMC22 Basic understanding of construction code and regulation Benhart and Shaurette 2013; Jabar et al. 2013; Abdullah et al. 2017; Vaz-Serra and Mitcheltree 2021
23. CMC23 Understand and apply construction-related software knowledge Love et al. 2001; Abdullah et al. 2017; Mitcheltree et al. 2019
24. CMC24 Knowledge of sustainability in construction Affandi et al. 2013; Jabar et al. 2013; Vaz-Serra and Mitcheltree 2021
25. CMC25 Knowledge of project brief preparation Jabar et al. 2013; Abdullah et al. 2017
26. CMC26 Computer skills – Excel, MS Office, Adobe, Internet-based, etc. Love et al. 2001; Male et al. 2010; Benhart and Shaurette 2013; Plawgo and Ertman 2021
27. CMC27 Good communication Mühlbacher et al. 2013; Rahman and Ayer 2017; Kolarić et al. 2018; Hodorog et al. 2019; Mitcheltree et al. 2019; Plawgo and Ertman 2021; Vaz-Serra and Mitcheltree 2021; Wang and Cheng 2022

Construction manager competencies variable analysis

Descriptive statistics (variables = 27; N = 330)
Coding Mean Std. deviation RII Ranking
CMC27 4.73 0.466 0.95 1st
CMC5 4.71 0.528 0.94 2nd
CMC23 4.68 0.615 0.93 3rd
CMC18 4.62 0.599 0.92 4th
CMC21 4.59 0.657 0.91 5th
CMC1 4.55 0.657 0.91 6th
CMC26 4.52 0.685 0.90 7th
CMC14 4.50 0.694 0.90 8th
CMC20 4.50 0.672 0.90 9th
CMC17 4.49 0.681 0.90 10th
CMC13 4.42 0.702 0.88 11th
CMC24 4.42 0.694 0.88 12th
CMC15 4.40 0.722 0.88 13th
CMC25 4.40 0.659 0.88 14th
CMC12 4.39 0.720 0.87 15th
CMC11 4.39 0.676 0.87 16th
CMC6 4.38 0.701 0.87 17th
CMC22 4.38 0.648 0.87 18th
CMC19 4.37 0.716 0.87 19th
CMC4 4.35 0.707 0.87 20th
CMC16 4.35 0.691 0.87 21st
CMC2 4.34 0.739 0.86 22nd
CMC10 4.33 0.762 0.86 23rd
CMC8 4.30 0.793 0.86 24th
CMC3 4.30 0.722 0.86 25th
CMC7 4.27 0.789 0.85 26th
CMC9 4.26 0.836 0.85 27th

Significance level

RII values Significance level
0.81 ≤ RII ≤ 1.00 High H
0.61 ≤ RII ≤ 0.80 High-medium H-M
0.41 ≤ RII ≤ 0.60 Medium M
0.21 ≤ RII ≤ 0.40 Medium-low M-L
0.00 ≤ RII ≤ 0.20 Low L

Core innovative skill

S/N Coding Expected skills References
1. CMES1 Critical thinking and openness to feedback Yogeshwaran et al. 2018; Hodorog et al. 2019; Mitcheltree et al. 2019; Wang and Cheng 2022
2. CMES2 Technical problem-solving and analytical skills Ku and Taiebat 2011; Rahman and Ayer 2017; Uhm et al. 2017; Yakami et al. 2017; Hodorog et al. 2019
3. CMES3 Basic modelling specification, validation, access management and control Ku and Taiebat 2011; Bozoglu 2016; Uhm et al. 2017; Kolarić et al. 2018; Hodorog et al. 2019; Wang et al. 2020
4. CMES4 ICT skill Ku and Taiebat 2011; Demirdoven and Arditi 2014b; Uhm et al. 2017; Yakami et al. 2017; Hodorog et al. 2019; Wang et al. 2020; Plawgo and Ertman 2021
5. CMES5 Teamwork skill Raiola 2016; Rahman and Ayer 2017; Uhm et al. 2017; Yakami et al. 2017; Hodorog et al. 2019
6. CMES6 Basic understanding of the BIM process Barison and Santos 2010; Ku and Taiebat 2011; Bozoglu 2016; Raiola 2016; Rahman and Ayer 2017; Uhm et al. 2017; Yakami et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2020
7. CMES7 Knowledge over the construction process Bozoglu 2016; Raiola 2016; Uhm et al. 2017; Mitcheltree et al. 2019; Vaz-Serra and Mitcheltree 2021
8. CMES8 Design coordination Bozoglu 2016; Raiola 2016; Uhm et al. 2017; Yakami et al. 2017
9. CMES9 Ability to coordinate BIM Ku and Taiebat 2011; Demirdoven and Arditi 2014b; Bozoglu 2016; Uhm et al. 2017; Kolarić et al. 2018; Wang et al. 2020
10. CMES10 Passion for learning new software Demirdoven and Arditi 2014b; Bozoglu 2016; Yakami et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2020
11. CMES11 Experience in the use of VDC/big room method Yakami et al. 2017; Mitcheltree et al. 2019; Vaz-Serra and Mitcheltree 2021
12. CMES12 Quality and document management Yakami et al. 2017; Mitcheltree et al. 2019; Vaz-Serra and Mitcheltree 2021
13. CMES13 Technical decision-making Mühlbacher et al. 2013; Bozoglu 2016; Yakami et al. 2017; Kolarić et al. 2018

Guide for factor loading selection based on response rate

S. No. Value of factor loading Response rate
1. 0.75 50–59
2. 0.70 60–69
3. 0.65 70–99
4. 0.55 100–119
5. 0.50 120–149
6. 0.45 150–199
7. 0.40 200–249
8. 0.35 250–349
9. 0.30 350 and above

Rotated component factor loading interpretation of the 25 retained variables

Component Component naming Competencies Code Factor loading
1 Project management and planning-related component Analysing design solutions CMC7 0.659
Ability for managing project variations, cash flow forecasting and monitoring CMC19 0.641
Competency in the reviewing and selection of qualified subcontractors CMC16 0.596
Basic understanding of construction code and regulation CMC22 0.469
2 Pre-contract planning and hazard management Knowledge of the biding and tendering process CMC2 0.708
Risk management CMC3 0.620
Knowledge and understanding of project specifications CMC20 0.496
Pre-contract planning and programming CMC4 0.495
Basic knowledge of procurement CMC8 0.405
3. On-site construction management component Tool and machine maintenance and quality management competency CMC17 0.534
Labour and resource management CMC18 0.657
Ability to prepare the schedule of work and project progress and technical report CMC21 0.566
Knowledge of sustainability in construction CMC24 0.424
4 Basic construction management component Honesty and integrity CMC5 0.733
Site survey and analysis of construction site CMC6 0.358
Ability to set up an expediting log and procurement, submittal of log CMC12 0.423
Basic knowledge of health and safety in construction practice CMC13 0.423
Basic understanding of construction drawing interpretation CMC14 0.564
5 Peace-making and management-related component Team leadership and management. CMC1 0.459
Client care CMC9 0.640
Basic knowledge of various forms of building and construction contracts CMC10 0.468
Conflict avoidance and management or interpersonal understanding CMC11 0.593
6 ICT-related component Computer skills – Excel, MS Office, Adobe, Internet-based, etc. CMC26 0.751
Understanding and application of construction-related software knowledge CMC23 0.550
7 Communication component Good communication CMC27 0.820
eISSN:
1847-6228
Language:
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Publication timeframe:
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Journal Subjects:
Engineering, Introductions and Overviews, other
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