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Analysis of the contents of Ugni molinae Turcz fruits across the ripening stages

Mariona Gil i Cortiella
Mariona Gil i Cortiella
, 
Ricardo I. Castro
Ricardo I. Castro
, 
Carolina Parra-Palma
Carolina Parra-Palma
, 
Angela Méndez-Yáñez
Angela Méndez-Yáñez
, 
Patricio Ramos
Patricio Ramos
 and 
Luis Morales-Quintana
Luis Morales-Quintana
   | Apr 18, 2024
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Article Category: ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Published Online: Apr 18, 2024
Page range: -
Received: Oct 28, 2023
Accepted: Feb 28, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0007
Keywords
© 2024 Mariona Gil i Cortiella et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1:

Different ripening stages of Ugni molinae (murta) fruits: SG fruit; LG fruit; 50% R fruit; and ripe fruit (R). 50%R, 50% ripe; LG, large green; SG, small green.
Different ripening stages of Ugni molinae (murta) fruits: SG fruit; LG fruit; 50% R fruit; and ripe fruit (R). 50%R, 50% ripe; LG, large green; SG, small green.

Figure 2.

Chemical structures of the terpenoid volatile compounds identified in murta fruits for all developmental stages. The letters correspond to the compounds whose concentrations are the ones described in Figure 7.
Chemical structures of the terpenoid volatile compounds identified in murta fruits for all developmental stages. The letters correspond to the compounds whose concentrations are the ones described in Figure 7.

Figure 3.

Physiological parameters of murta fruits in the four developmental stages: (A) Weight; (B) Size; (C) pH; (D) SSC/TA ratio; (E) SSC and (F) TA. Different letters in a chart indicate statistical differences among samples. 50%R, 50% ripe; LG, large green; SG, small green; SSC, soluble solids concentration; TA, titratable acidity.
Physiological parameters of murta fruits in the four developmental stages: (A) Weight; (B) Size; (C) pH; (D) SSC/TA ratio; (E) SSC and (F) TA. Different letters in a chart indicate statistical differences among samples. 50%R, 50% ripe; LG, large green; SG, small green; SSC, soluble solids concentration; TA, titratable acidity.

Figure 4.

Chemical analyses of fruit. (A) Total phenolics, (B) total flavonoids and (C) total anthocyanins contents were analysed at different developmental stages. Data correspond to mean ± SE of three biological replicates. Different letters indicate significant differences among samples (p ≤ 0.05; ANOVA). 50%R, 50% ripe; FW, fresh weight; GAE, gallic acid equivalents; LG, large green; SG, small green.
Chemical analyses of fruit. (A) Total phenolics, (B) total flavonoids and (C) total anthocyanins contents were analysed at different developmental stages. Data correspond to mean ± SE of three biological replicates. Different letters indicate significant differences among samples (p ≤ 0.05; ANOVA). 50%R, 50% ripe; FW, fresh weight; GAE, gallic acid equivalents; LG, large green; SG, small green.

Figure 5.

Antioxidant capacity. Free radical scavenging activity by DPPH (A) and FRAP (B) were estimated in different developmental stage of fruit. Data correspond to mean ± SE of three biological replicates. Different letters indicate significant differences among developmental stages [p ≤ 0.05; ANOVA]. 50%R, 50% ripe; FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power; LG, large green; SG, small green.
Antioxidant capacity. Free radical scavenging activity by DPPH (A) and FRAP (B) were estimated in different developmental stage of fruit. Data correspond to mean ± SE of three biological replicates. Different letters indicate significant differences among developmental stages [p ≤ 0.05; ANOVA]. 50%R, 50% ripe; FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power; LG, large green; SG, small green.

Figure 6.

Volatile organic compounds profile. Relative abundance of C6 compounds relative to FW (A) and per berry basis (B). Relative abundance of ethyl octanoate relative to FW (C) and per berry basis (D). Different letters indicate significant differences among samples (p ≤ 0.05; ANOVA). 50%R, 50% ripe; FW, fresh weight.
Volatile organic compounds profile. Relative abundance of C6 compounds relative to FW (A) and per berry basis (B). Relative abundance of ethyl octanoate relative to FW (C) and per berry basis (D). Different letters indicate significant differences among samples (p ≤ 0.05; ANOVA). 50%R, 50% ripe; FW, fresh weight.

Figure 7.

Terpenoid volatile compounds profile. The relative abundance of terpenoids grouped by backbone (Figure 2). (A) Pinene type, (B) terpinene type, (C) camphene type, (D) ocimene type, (E) cymene type, (F) cardinene type, (G) maaliene type, (H) elemene type, and total terpenoids. Different letters indicate statistical differences among the development stages for each concentration unit, and the graphs without letters indicate that there are no statistical differences. Dark columns correspond to the RA per gram of FW, and light columns correspond to the RA per berry. 50%R, 50% ripe; FW, fresh weight; RA relative areas.
Terpenoid volatile compounds profile. The relative abundance of terpenoids grouped by backbone (Figure 2). (A) Pinene type, (B) terpinene type, (C) camphene type, (D) ocimene type, (E) cymene type, (F) cardinene type, (G) maaliene type, (H) elemene type, and total terpenoids. Different letters indicate statistical differences among the development stages for each concentration unit, and the graphs without letters indicate that there are no statistical differences. Dark columns correspond to the RA per gram of FW, and light columns correspond to the RA per berry. 50%R, 50% ripe; FW, fresh weight; RA relative areas.

Relative abundance of terpenoid volatile compounds in murta fruits according to their chemical structure, expressed as RA (RA · g–1 FW, and RA · berry–1).

Developmental stage RA · g–1 FW RA · berry–1
G 50%R R G 50%R R
Acyclic monoterpenoids 4.87 ± 0.26 ab 3.63 ± 0.93 a 6.76 ± 0.38 b 1.05 ± 0.11 a 1.07 ± 0.25 a 1.94 ± 0.38 b
Monocyclic monoterpenoids 16.46 ± 0.72 ab 14.16 ± 2.99 a 24.7 ± 2.80 b 3.55 ± 0.36 a 4.17 ± 0.78 ab 7.19 ± 1.62 b
Bicyclic monoterpenoids 17.11 ± 0.49 ab 13.16 ± 2.58 a 21.11 ± 0.76 b 3.56 ± 0.53 a 3.87 ± 0.67 a 6.11 ± 1.22 a
Total monoterpenoids 38.44 ± 0.5 ab 30.95 ± 6.5 a 52.57 ± 3.18 b 8.16 ± 0.95 a 9.11 ± 1.7 ab 15.23 ± 3.16 b
Monocyclic sesquiterpenoids 1.17 ± 0.24 a 0.82 ± 0.36 a 1.47 ± 0.39 a 0.27 ± 0.03 a 0.24 ± 0.10 a 0.45 ± 0.12 a
Bicyclic sesquiterpenoids 2.32 ± 0.30 a 1.64 ± 1.30 a 2.66 ± 1.05 a 0.48 ± 0.07 a 0.48 ± 0.37 a 0.78 ± 0.22 a
Tricyclic sesquiterpenoids 2.66 ± 0.55 a 2.37 ± 1.59 a 2.87 ± 0.20 a 0.55 ± 0.11 a 0.69 ± 0.45 a 0.92 ± 0.09 a
Total sesquiterpenoids 6.15 ± 1.09 a 4.83 ± 3.25 a 7.00 ± 0.46 a 1.31 ± 0.19 a 1.41 ± 0.92 a 2.15 ± 0.14 a

Colour readings of the four stage of murta fruit peel.

Stage L* a* b* C* h° Color
SG 43.75 ± 7.18 –4.80 ± 1.60 27.80 ± 5.92 28.30 ± 5.63 280.42 ± 5.34
LG 44.37 ± 10.19 –5.74 ± 5.42 22.60 ± 4.58 23.98 ± 3.93 283.96 ± 14.63
50%R 42.70 ± 7.03 15.60 ± 10.56 25.97 ± 4.05 31.65 ± 5.96 60.95 ± 16.56
R 33.49 ± 4.67 28.79 ± 6.63 18.02 ± 2.33 34.15 ± 5.94 32.77 ± 6.16
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