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Effect of saline water on the vase life of Narcissus poeticus L. flowers

Aleš Jezdinský
Aleš Jezdinský
, 
Katalin Jezdinská Slezák
Katalin Jezdinská Slezák
, 
Miroslav Vachůn
Miroslav Vachůn
, 
Robert Pokluda
Robert Pokluda
 and 
Jiří Uher
Jiří Uher
   | Apr 24, 2024
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Article Category: ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Published Online: Apr 24, 2024
Page range: -
Received: Nov 21, 2023
Accepted: Feb 16, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0006
Keywords
© 2024 Aleš Jezdinský et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

Flower stage distribution with 12-hr recordings in six representative treatments. Change of flower stage at 0 mM solution (A), 10 mM NaCl solution (B), 30 mM solution (C), at 50 mM NaCl solution (D), at 70 mM NaCl solution (E) and at 100 mM NaCl solution (F). FO, full open.
Flower stage distribution with 12-hr recordings in six representative treatments. Change of flower stage at 0 mM solution (A), 10 mM NaCl solution (B), 30 mM solution (C), at 50 mM NaCl solution (D), at 70 mM NaCl solution (E) and at 100 mM NaCl solution (F). FO, full open.

Figure 2.

Time until the flowers opened (blue: the time until half of the buds opened, orange: the time until all of the buds opened). The error bars show the standard error of means, and the different letters above the groups show the significant differences between the treatments based on Tukey’s HSD test.
Time until the flowers opened (blue: the time until half of the buds opened, orange: the time until all of the buds opened). The error bars show the standard error of means, and the different letters above the groups show the significant differences between the treatments based on Tukey’s HSD test.

Figure 3.

Duration of the full flowering stage. The error bars show the standard error of means, and the different letters above the groups show the significant differences between the treatments based on Tukey’s HSD test.
Duration of the full flowering stage. The error bars show the standard error of means, and the different letters above the groups show the significant differences between the treatments based on Tukey’s HSD test.

Figure 4.

Senescence of the flowers (A) AF0+AF1+AF2+AF3; (B) AF3 (blue: the time until half of the flowers reach the marked stage and orange: the time until all of the flowers reach the marked stage). The error bars show the standard error of means.
Senescence of the flowers (A) AF0+AF1+AF2+AF3; (B) AF3 (blue: the time until half of the flowers reach the marked stage and orange: the time until all of the flowers reach the marked stage). The error bars show the standard error of means.

Figure 5.

Vase life duration calculated in two ways (1. from the placement of the flowers in the vases (white bud stage) to the senescence of half of the flowers, 2. from opening of the half of the flowers to the senescence of the half of the flowers). The error bars show the standard error of means.
Vase life duration calculated in two ways (1. from the placement of the flowers in the vases (white bud stage) to the senescence of half of the flowers, 2. from opening of the half of the flowers to the senescence of the half of the flowers). The error bars show the standard error of means.

Figure 6.

Time pattern of the ornamental value.
Time pattern of the ornamental value.

Figure 7.

Duration of the vase life based on OVS limits. The error bars show the standard error of means. OVS, ornamental value score.
Duration of the vase life based on OVS limits. The error bars show the standard error of means. OVS, ornamental value score.

Figure 8.

Sum of 12-hr ornamental values. The error bars show the standard error of means, and the different letters above the groups show the significant differences between the treatments based on Tukey’s HSD test.
Sum of 12-hr ornamental values. The error bars show the standard error of means, and the different letters above the groups show the significant differences between the treatments based on Tukey’s HSD test.

Figure 9.

Development of scape colour change (A: at 120-140 hours of the experiment; B: after the 140th hour of the experiment).
Development of scape colour change (A: at 120-140 hours of the experiment; B: after the 140th hour of the experiment).

Figure 10.

Length of scape-basis degradation. The error bars show the standard error of means.
Length of scape-basis degradation. The error bars show the standard error of means.

Figure 11.

Dry weight at the senesced flower stage. The error bars show the standard error of means.
Dry weight at the senesced flower stage. The error bars show the standard error of means.

Figure 12.

Dry matter content of the flowers and scapes in the full flowering period and the senesced flower stage (108 hr and 168–192 hr after the start of the experiment). The error bars show the standard error of means.
Dry matter content of the flowers and scapes in the full flowering period and the senesced flower stage (108 hr and 168–192 hr after the start of the experiment). The error bars show the standard error of means.

Figure 13.

Chlorophyll a (A), chlorophyll b (B) content of the scapes, their sum (chlorophyll a+b) (C) and ratio (chlorophyll a+b) (D). The error bars show the standard error of means.
Chlorophyll a (A), chlorophyll b (B) content of the scapes, their sum (chlorophyll a+b) (C) and ratio (chlorophyll a+b) (D). The error bars show the standard error of means.

Figure 14.

Carotenoid content of the scapes. The error bars show the standard error of means.
Carotenoid content of the scapes. The error bars show the standard error of means.

Figure 15.

Sodium content of the plant parts (A: scape, B: flower, C: scape + flower). The error bars show the standard error of means.
Sodium content of the plant parts (A: scape, B: flower, C: scape + flower). The error bars show the standard error of means.

Figure 16.

Chlorine content of the plant parts (A: scape, B: flower, C: scape + flower).
Chlorine content of the plant parts (A: scape, B: flower, C: scape + flower).

Figure 17.

Potassium content of plant parts (A: scape, B: flower, C: scape + flower). The error bars show the standard error of means.
Potassium content of plant parts (A: scape, B: flower, C: scape + flower). The error bars show the standard error of means.

Figure 18.

Relationship between the Na and K contents of the scapes. The error bars show the standard error of means.
Relationship between the Na and K contents of the scapes. The error bars show the standard error of means.

Figure 19.

Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) (A) and electrical conductivity (EC) (B) of the plant water extracts.
Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) (A) and electrical conductivity (EC) (B) of the plant water extracts.

Figure 20.

Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) (A) and electrical conductivity (EC) (B) of the salt solutions in the vases. The error bars show the standard error of means.
Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) (A) and electrical conductivity (EC) (B) of the salt solutions in the vases. The error bars show the standard error of means.

Figure 21.

Refractive index value of the salt solutions in the vase. The error bars show the standard error of means.
Refractive index value of the salt solutions in the vase. The error bars show the standard error of means.

Supplementary Figure S1.

Flower stage distribution with 12-hr recordings.
Flower stage distribution with 12-hr recordings.

Diameter of the flowers and the fresh weight of the plant parts.

NaCl concentration (mM) Petal diameter (mm) Corona diameter (mm) Flower fresh weight (g) Scape fresh weight (g)
0 62.0 ± 0.5 a 15.4 ± 0.1 a 1.19 ± 0.06 ab 1.50 ± 0.08 a
5 62.2 ± 0.7 a 15.7 ± 0.1 a 1.24 ± 0.10 ab 1.64 ± 0.13 a
10 59.8 ± 0.9 a 15.4 ± 0.1 a 1.12 ± 0.02 ab 1.58 ± 0.08 a
15 61.5 ± 0.1 a 15.5 ± 0.2 a 1.20 ± 0.03 ab 1.69 ± 0.04 a
20 60.4 ± 1.7 a 15.3 ± 0.2 a 1.07 ± 0.07 ab 1.52 ± 0.16 a
30 61.4 ± 1.1 a 15.6 ± 0.2 a 1.22 ± 0.02 ab 1.52 ± 0.24 a
40 61.5 ± 1.3 a 15.4 ± 0.3 a 1.11 ± 0.00 ab 1.55 ± 0.00 a
50 62.1 ± 0.5 a 15.7 ± 0.3 a 1.20 ± 0.16 ab 1.45 ± 0.02 a
60 60.6 ± 1.2 a 15.6 ± 0.2 a 1.32 ± 0.02 b 1.96 ± 0.07 a
70 60.2 ± 0.8 a 15.5 ± 0.2 a 1.00 ± 0.03 a 1.39 ± 0.05 a
80 60.5 ± 1.0 a 15.5 ± 0.1 a 1.21 ± 0.03 ab 1.77 ± 0.12 a
90 60.6 ± 1.5 a 15.5 ± 0.6 a 1.16 ± 0.02 ab 1.59 ± 0.18 a
100 61.4 ± 1.2 a 15.4 ± 0.1 a 1.20 ± 0.06 ab 1.51 ± 0.05 a

Duration of decrease in the OVSs (hours).

Treatment (NaCl concentration, mM) Duration of fall from 9 to 5 scores Duration of fall from 5 to 0 scores Duration of fall from 9 to 0 scores
0 10.9 ± 4.2 ab 20.9 ± 4.8 a 31.7 ± 8.9 a
5 11.4 ± 1.8 ab 18.9 ± 3.1 a 30.4 ± 4.3 a
10 9.4 ± 0.6 a 21.2 ± 3.6 a 30.6 ± 3.8 a
15 12.1 ± 2.9 ab 20.1 ± 4.8 a 32.2 ± 7.7 a
20 12.5 ± 1.9 ab 21.4 ± 3.3 a 33.9 ± 2.8 ab
30 18.0 ± 3.7 ab 22.7 ± 5.6 a 40.7 ± 5.8 abc
40 23.5 ± 2.5 bc 35.2 ± 3.5 a 58.7 ± 3.7 bc
50 18.7 ± 1.6 ab 35.2 ± 3.5 a 53.9 ± 2.0 abc
60 18.0 ± 2.6 ab 29.2 ± 5.5 a 47.2 ± 5.0 abc
70 19.2 ± 2.0 ab 28.4 ± 2.5 a 47.7 ± 3.2 abc
80 15.3 ± 2.5 ab 38.4 ± 4.3 a 53.7 ± 4.5 abc
90 16.0 ± 1.1 ab 29.6 ± 4.3 a 45.6 ± 5.4 abc
100 34.1 ± 3.1 c 27.5 ± 2.5 a 61.6 ± 5.5 c

Treatments with basic chemical properties of the solutions.

Treatment (NaCl concentration, mM) NaCl (g · L-1) Na (g · L-1) Cl (g · L-1) pH EC (mS · cm-1) Brix°
0 0 0 0 * 0 0
5 0.277 0.109 0.168 5.93 0.67 0
10 0.554 0.218 0.336 5.68 1.05 0
15 0.832 0.327 0.505 5.58 1.50 0.1
20 1.109 0.436 0.673 5.51 2.10 0.1
30 1.663 0.654 1.009 5.51 2.90 0.2
40 2.218 0.873 1.345 5.47 3.70 0.2
50 2.772 1.091 1.682 5.45 4.30 0.3
60 3.327 1.309 2.018 5.43 5.00 0.4
70 3.881 1.527 2.354 5.44 5.60 0.5
80 4.435 1.744 2.691 5.45 6.10 0.5
90 4.990 1.963 3.027 5.46 6.60 0.6
100 5.544 2.181 3.363 5.44 7.30 0.7

Time of reaching the critical stages of flower opening and flower senesce based on OVSs (hours after the start of the experiment).

Treatment (NaCl concentration, mM) Flower opening Wilting of flowers
OVS = 5 OVS = 9 OVS = 9 OVS = 5
0 27.9 ± 1.9 a 46.1 ± 1.7 a 156.3 ± 7.6 d 167.1 ± 4.7 d
5 28.6 ± 0.7 a 45.6 ± 0.4 a 157.7 ± 0.3 d 169.1 ± 1.7 d
10 26.4 ± 0.8 a 43.9 ± 0.8 a 157.4 ± 0.4 d 166.8 ± 0.4 d
15 24.7 ± 2.2 a 45.1 ± 0.6 a 151.8 ± 3.7 d 163.9 ± 0.8 cd
20 27.9 ± 1.6 a 46.6 ± 0.7 a 150.1 ± 2.7 d 162.6 ± 0.9 cd
30 33.0 ± 2.8 a 46.0 ± 1.0 a 143.3 ± 3.5 cd 161.4 ± 1.6 cd
40 29.5 ± 1.1 a 42.6 ± 2.4 a 129.3 ± 4.4 bc 152.8 ± 2.0 bc
50 26.7 ± 0.6 a 46.2 ± 1.0 a 126.1 ± 2.0 b 144.8 ± 3.5 ab
60 30.6 ± 1.9 a 46.8 ± 0.9 a 128.8 ± 1.4 bc 146.8 ± 3.7 ab
70 27.5 ± 1.8 a 47.5 ± 1.1 a 124.3 ± 0.9 b 143.6 ± 2.4 ab
80 25.1 ± 0.4 a 44.5 ± 1.0 a 122.3 ± 0.6 b 137.6 ± 2.2 a
90 28.6 ± 1.9 a 42.6 ± 2.5 a 122.4 ± 1.8 b 138.4 ± 2.7 a
100 24.9 ± 3.6 a 48.4 ± 2.2 a 102.4 ± 2.1 a 136.5 ± 1.5 a
Formula and R2 of regression function y = -0.495x + 158.04R2 = 0.92 y = -0.358 x + 168.88R2 = 0.95

Flower opening status categories and scores used to calculate the ornamental value (based on Jezdinská Slezák et al., 2022).

Phenological stage Ornamental value (score)
Bud WB: white bud, upright 4
Opening flower OF1: 1 horizontal tepal 5
OF2: 2 horizontal tepals 5
OF3: 3 horizontal tepals 6
OF4: 4 horizontal tepals 6
OF5: 5 horizontal tepals 7
OF6h: all tepals are half-opened (the centre of the corona is visible) 7
Open flower FO: tepals are in a plane 10
FOhb: tepals are standing half-backwards (45>) 9
FOb: tepals are standing backwards (45<) 8
Senescent flower AF0: the tips of the tepals become membranous, but keep their turgor 8
AF1: all tepals become membranous, but keep their turgor 6
AF2: the tepals start to gather, the corona still keeps its colour and turgor 1
AF3: the tepals are shrivelled (complete wilting) 0
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