Growth performance and survival rates of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) reared on diets containing Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae meal

Adeniyi, O.V. and C.Y. Folorunsho (2015): Performance of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fed dietary levels of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758) prepupae meal as a protein supplement. International Journal of Fish Aquaculture, 5, 89–93. AdeniyiO.V. FolorunshoC.Y. 2015 Performance of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fed dietary levels of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758) prepupae meal as a protein supplement International Journal of Fish Aquaculture 5 89 93 Search in Google Scholar

Adewolu, M.A., Ikenweiwe, N.B. and S.M. Mulero (2010): Evaluation of an animal protein mixture as a replacement for fish meal in practical diets for fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Israel Journal of Aquaculture – Bamidgeh 62, 237–244. AdewoluM.A. IkenweiweN.B. MuleroS.M. 2010 Evaluation of an animal protein mixture as a replacement for fish meal in practical diets for fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Israel Journal of Aquaculture – Bamidgeh 62 237 244 Search in Google Scholar

Akiyama, D.M., Dominy, W.G. and A.L. Lawrence (1992): Penaeid shrimp nutrition. In: Fast, A.W. and L.J. Lester (Eds.): Marine Shrimp Culture: Principles and Practices. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 535–568. AkiyamaD.M. DominyW.G. LawrenceA.L. 1992 Penaeid shrimp nutrition In: FastA.W. LesterL.J. (Eds.): Marine Shrimp Culture: Principles and Practices Elsevier Science Publishers Amsterdam, The Netherlands 535 568 10.1016/B978-0-444-88606-4.50031-X Search in Google Scholar

AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) (1995): Official Methods of Analysis. 17th Edition. AOAC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) 1995 Official Methods of Analysis 17th Edition AOAC, Gaithersburg MD, USA Search in Google Scholar

APHA (American Public Health Association) (1995): Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 19th ed., APHA, Washington D.C., USA. APHA (American Public Health Association) 1995 Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 19th ed. APHA Washington D.C., USA Search in Google Scholar

Ayoola, A.A. (2010): Replacement of fish meal with alternative protein source in aquaculture diets. Thesis Degree of Master of Science Faculty of North Carolina State University, North Carolina, USA. AyoolaA.A. 2010 Replacement of fish meal with alternative protein source in aquaculture diets Thesis Degree of Master of Science Faculty of North Carolina State University North Carolina, USA Search in Google Scholar

Barroso, F.G., de Haro, C., Sánchez-Muros, M.J., Venegas, E., Martínez-Sánchez, A. and C. Pérez-Bañón (2014): The potential of various insect species for use as food for fish. Aquaculture 422, 193–201. BarrosoF.G. de HaroC. Sánchez-MurosM.J. VenegasE. Martínez-SánchezA. Pérez-BañónC. 2014 The potential of various insect species for use as food for fish Aquaculture 422 193 201 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.12.024 Search in Google Scholar

Béné, C., Barange, M., Subasinghe, R., Pinstrup-Andersen, P., Merino, G., Hemre, G.I. and M. Williams (2015): Feeding 9 billion by 2050 – Putting fish back on the menu. Food Security 7, 261–274. BénéC. BarangeM. SubasingheR. Pinstrup-AndersenP. MerinoG. HemreG.I. WilliamsM. 2015 Feeding 9 billion by 2050 – Putting fish back on the menu Food Security 7 261 274 10.1007/s12571-015-0427-z Search in Google Scholar

Bulbul, M., Koshio, S., Ishikawa, M., Yokoyama, S. and Md. A. Kader (2013): Performance of kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicas, fed diets replacing fish meal with a combination of plant protein meals. Aquaculture 372–375, 45–51. BulbulM. KoshioS. IshikawaM. YokoyamaS. KaderMd. A. 2013 Performance of kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicas, fed diets replacing fish meal with a combination of plant protein meals Aquaculture 372–375 45 51 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.10.023 Search in Google Scholar

Castell, J.D. (1986): Aquaculture nutrition – Realism in Aquaculture; Advances, Constraints, Perspectives, Braden, Belgium: European Aquaculture Society, pp. 251–308. CastellJ.D. 1986 Aquaculture nutrition – Realism in Aquaculture; Advances, Constraints, Perspectives, Braden Belgium European Aquaculture Society 251 308 Search in Google Scholar

Cummins Jr, V. C., Rawles, S. D., Thompson, K.R., Velasquez, A., Kobayashi, Y., Hager, J. and C.D. Webster (2017): Evaluation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal as partial or total replacement of marine fish meal in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture, 473, 337–344. CumminsV. C.Jr RawlesS. D. ThompsonK.R. VelasquezA. KobayashiY. HagerJ. WebsterC.D. 2017 Evaluation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal as partial or total replacement of marine fish meal in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Aquaculture 473 337 344 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.02.022 Search in Google Scholar

Devic, E., Leschen, W., Murray, F. and D.C. Little (2018): Growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of advanced nursing Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed diets containing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal. Aquaculture Nutrition 24, 416–423. DevicE. LeschenW. MurrayF. LittleD.C. 2018 Growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of advanced nursing Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed diets containing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal Aquaculture Nutrition 24 416 423 10.1111/anu.12573 Search in Google Scholar

Dumas, A., Raggi, T., Barkhouse, J., Lewis, E. and E. Weltzien (2018): The oil fraction and partially defatted meal of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) affect differently growth performance, feed efficiency, nutrient deposition, blood glucose and lipid digestibility of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 492, 24–34. DumasA. RaggiT. BarkhouseJ. LewisE. WeltzienE. 2018 The oil fraction and partially defatted meal of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) affect differently growth performance, feed efficiency, nutrient deposition, blood glucose and lipid digestibility of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Aquaculture 492 24 34 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.03.038 Search in Google Scholar

El-Sayed, A.F.M. (1999): Alternative dietary protein sources for farmed tilapia, Oreochromis spp. Aquaculture 179, 149–168. El-SayedA.F.M. 1999 Alternative dietary protein sources for farmed tilapia, Oreochromis spp Aquaculture 179 149 168 10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00159-3 Search in Google Scholar

El‐Saidy, D.M. and M.M. Gaber (2005): Effect of dietary protein levels and feeding rates on growth performance, production traits and body composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) cultured in concrete tanks. Aquaculture Research 36, 163–171. El‐SaidyD.M. GaberM.M. 2005 Effect of dietary protein levels and feeding rates on growth performance, production traits and body composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) cultured in concrete tanks Aquaculture Research 36 163 171 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01201.x Search in Google Scholar

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2009): How to feed the world 2050: Global agriculture towards 2050. Rome, p. 12. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) 2009 How to feed the world 2050: Global agriculture towards 2050 Rome 12 Search in Google Scholar

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) (2010): The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. FAO, Rome, Italy. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) 2010 The state of world fisheries and aquaculture FAO Rome, Italy Search in Google Scholar

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) (2018): The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. FAO, Rome, Italy. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) 2018 The state of world fisheries and aquaculture FAO Rome, Italy Search in Google Scholar

Henry, M., Gasco, L., Piccolo, G. and E. Fountoulaki (2015): Review on the use of insects in the diet of farmed fish: past and future. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 203, 122. HenryM. GascoL. PiccoloG. FountoulakiE. 2015 Review on the use of insects in the diet of farmed fish: past and future Animal Feed Science and Technology 203 122 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.03.001 Search in Google Scholar

Keembiyehetty, C.N. and D.M. Gatlin (1992): Dietary requirement of juvenile hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis). Aquaculture 104, 271–277. KeembiyehettyC.N. GatlinD.M. 1992 Dietary requirement of juvenile hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis) Aquaculture 104 271 277 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90209-4 Search in Google Scholar

Kroeckel, S., Harjes, A.G., Roth, I., Katz, H., Wuertz, S., Susenbeth, A. and C. Schulz (2012): When a turbot catches a fly: Evaluation of a pre-pupae meal of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) as fish meal substitute – Growth performance and chitin degradation in juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima). Aquaculture 364, 345–352. KroeckelS. HarjesA.G. RothI. KatzH. WuertzS. SusenbethA. SchulzC. 2012 When a turbot catches a fly: Evaluation of a pre-pupae meal of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) as fish meal substitute – Growth performance and chitin degradation in juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima) Aquaculture 364 345 352 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.041 Search in Google Scholar

Landau, M (1992): Introduction to aquaculture. John Wiley & Sons. LandauM 1992 Introduction to aquaculture John Wiley & Sons Search in Google Scholar

Liu, X., Ye, J., Wang, K., Kong, J., Yang, W. and L. Zhou (2012): Partial replacement of fish meal with peanut meal in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture Research 43, 745–755. LiuX. YeJ. WangK. KongJ. YangW. ZhouL. 2012 Partial replacement of fish meal with peanut meal in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture Research 43 745 755 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.02883.x Search in Google Scholar

Mengistu, S. B., Mulder, H. A., Benzie, J. A. and H. Komen (2020): A systematic literature review of the major factors causing yield gap by affecting growth, feed conversion ratio and survival in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Reviews in Aquaculture 12, 524–541. MengistuS. B. MulderH. A. BenzieJ. A. KomenH. 2020 A systematic literature review of the major factors causing yield gap by affecting growth, feed conversion ratio and survival in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Reviews in Aquaculture 12 524 541 10.1111/raq.12331 Search in Google Scholar

Muin, H., Taufek, N.M., Kamarudin, M.S. and S.A. Razak (2017): Growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of Nile tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus L. 1758) fed with different levels of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L. 1758) maggot meal diet. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 16, 567–577. MuinH. TaufekN.M. KamarudinM.S. RazakS.A. 2017 Growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of Nile tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus L. 1758) fed with different levels of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L. 1758) maggot meal diet Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 16 567 577 Search in Google Scholar

Munguti, J. (2007). Utilisation of locally available feed-stuffs for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) production in small-scale cage culture in Kenya. Doctoral dissertation, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Austria. MungutiJ. 2007 Utilisation of locally available feed-stuffs for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) production in small-scale cage culture in Kenya Doctoral dissertation, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna Austria Search in Google Scholar

Munguti, J., Charo-Karisa, H., Opiyo, M.A., Ogello, E. O., Marijani, E., Nzayisenga, L. and D. Liti (2012): Nutritive value and availability of commonly used feed ingredients for farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell) in Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 12, 6135–6155. MungutiJ. Charo-KarisaH. OpiyoM.A. OgelloE. O. MarijaniE. NzayisengaL. LitiD. 2012 Nutritive value and availability of commonly used feed ingredients for farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell) in Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 12 6135 6155 10.18697/ajfand.51.11085 Search in Google Scholar

Munguti, J.M., Musa, S., Orina, P. S., Kyule, D.N., Opiyo, M. A., Charo-Karisa, H. and E.O. Ogello (2014): An overview of current status of Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices, challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 1, 128–137. MungutiJ.M. MusaS. OrinaP. S. KyuleD.N. OpiyoM. A. Charo-KarisaH. OgelloE.O. 2014 An overview of current status of Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices, challenges and opportunities International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 1 128 137 Search in Google Scholar

Munguti, J.M., Waidbacher, H., Liti, D. M., Straif, M. and W. Zollitsch (2009): Effects of substitution of freshwater shrimp meal (Caridina nilotica Roux) with hydrolysed feather meal on growth performance and apparent digestibility in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) under different culture conditions. Livestock Research for Rural Development 21, 1–13. MungutiJ.M. WaidbacherH. LitiD. M. StraifM. ZollitschW. 2009 Effects of substitution of freshwater shrimp meal (Caridina nilotica Roux) with hydrolysed feather meal on growth performance and apparent digestibility in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) under different culture conditions Livestock Research for Rural Development 21 1 13 Search in Google Scholar

Omasaki, S.K., Janssen, K., Besson, M. and H. Komen (2017): Economic values of growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality and uniformity for Nile tilapia. Aquaculture 481, 124–132. OmasakiS.K. JanssenK. BessonM. KomenH. 2017 Economic values of growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality and uniformity for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 481 124 132 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.04.013 Search in Google Scholar

Opiyo, M. A., Marijani, E., Muendo, P., Odede, R., Leschen, W. and H. Charo-Karisa (2018): A review of aquaculture production and health management practices of farmed fish in Kenya. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine 6, 141–148. OpiyoM. A. MarijaniE. MuendoP. OdedeR. LeschenW. Charo-KarisaH. 2018 A review of aquaculture production and health management practices of farmed fish in Kenya International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine 6 141 148 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.07.001628639430564588 Search in Google Scholar

Pauzenga, U (1985): Feeding parent stock. Zootecnia International, pp. 22–25. PauzengaU 1985 Feeding parent stock Zootecnia International 22 25 Search in Google Scholar

Popma, T. and M. Masser (1989): Tilapia life history and biology. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, SRAC Publication No. 283. PopmaT. MasserM. 1989 Tilapia life history and biology Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, SRAC Publication No. 283 Search in Google Scholar

Rana, K.J., Siriwardena, S. and M.R. Hasan (2009): Impact of rising feed ingredient prices on aquafeeds and aquaculture production (No. 541). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). RanaK.J. SiriwardenaS. HasanM.R. 2009 Impact of rising feed ingredient prices on aquafeeds and aquaculture production (No. 541) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Search in Google Scholar

Razdan, A. and D. Pettersson (1994): Effect of chitin and chitosan on nutrient digestibility and plasma lipid concentrations in broiler chickens. The British Journal of Nutrition 72, 211–288. RazdanA. PetterssonD. 1994 Effect of chitin and chitosan on nutrient digestibility and plasma lipid concentrations in broiler chickens The British Journal of Nutrition 72 211 288 10.1079/BJN19940029 Search in Google Scholar

Renna, M., Schiavone, A., Gai, F., Dabbou, S., Lussiana, C., Malfatto, V. and M. De Marco (2017): Evaluation of the suitability of a partially defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae meal as ingredient for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 8, 57. RennaM. SchiavoneA. GaiF. DabbouS. LussianaC. MalfattoV. De MarcoM. 2017 Evaluation of the suitability of a partially defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae meal as ingredient for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 8 57 10.1186/s40104-017-0191-3549414128680591 Search in Google Scholar

Santiago, C.B and R.T. Lovell (1988): Amino Acid Requirements for Growth of Nile Tilapia. The Journal of Nutrition 118, 1540–1546. SantiagoC.B LovellR.T. 1988 Amino Acid Requirements for Growth of Nile Tilapia The Journal of Nutrition 118 1540 1546 10.1093/jn/118.12.15403210083 Search in Google Scholar

Schiavone, A., De Marco, M., Martínez, S., Dabbou, S., Renna, M., Madrid, J. and L. Gasco (2017): Nutritional value of a partially defatted and a highly defatted black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) meal for broiler chickens: apparent nutrient digestibility, apparent metabolizable energy and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 8, 51. SchiavoneA. De MarcoM. MartínezS. DabbouS. RennaM. MadridJ. GascoL. 2017 Nutritional value of a partially defatted and a highly defatted black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) meal for broiler chickens: apparent nutrient digestibility, apparent metabolizable energy and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 8 51 10.1186/s40104-017-0181-5546557428603614 Search in Google Scholar

Sheppard, C.J. (2008): Black soldier fly and others for value added manure management. University of Georgia. Department of Entomology and Animal Science, Athens, GA. SheppardC.J. 2008 Black soldier fly and others for value added manure management. University of Georgia Department of Entomology and Animal Science Athens, GA Search in Google Scholar

Shumo, M., Khamis, F.M., Tanga, C.M., Fiaboe, K.K., Subramanian, S., Ekesi, S. and C. Borgemeister (2019): Influence of temperature on selected life-history traits of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) reared on two common urban organic waste streams in Kenya. Animals 9, 79. ShumoM. KhamisF.M. TangaC.M. FiaboeK.K. SubramanianS. EkesiS. BorgemeisterC. 2019 Influence of temperature on selected life-history traits of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) reared on two common urban organic waste streams in Kenya Animals 9 79 10.3390/ani9030079646613530832335 Search in Google Scholar

St-Hilaire, S., Sheppard, C., Tomberlin, J.K., Irving, S., Newton, L., McGuire, M.A. and W. Sealey (2007): Fly prepupae as a feedstuff for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 38, 59–67. St-HilaireS. SheppardC. TomberlinJ.K. IrvingS. NewtonL. McGuireM.A. SealeyW. 2007 Fly prepupae as a feedstuff for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 38 59 67 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00073.x Search in Google Scholar

Tacon, A.G.J. and M. Metian (2009): Fishing for feed or fishing for food: increasing global competition for small pelagic forage fish. Ambio 38, 294–302. TaconA.G.J. MetianM. 2009 Fishing for feed or fishing for food: increasing global competition for small pelagic forage fish Ambio 38 294 302 10.1579/08-A-574.1 Search in Google Scholar

Tacon, A.G.J., Jauncey, K., Falaye, A.E., Pantha, M., MacGowon, F. and A.E. Stafford (1983): The use of meat and bone meal, hydrolysed feather meal and soybean in practical fry and fingerling diet for Oreochromis niloticus. In: Fishelson, L. and Z. Yaron (Eds.): Proceedings of International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture, 8–13 May, Nazareth, Israel, pp. 356–365. TaconA.G.J. JaunceyK. FalayeA.E. PanthaM. MacGowonF. StaffordA.E. 1983 The use of meat and bone meal, hydrolysed feather meal and soybean in practical fry and fingerling diet for Oreochromis niloticus In: FishelsonL. YaronZ. (Eds.): Proceedings of International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture 8–13 May Nazareth, Israel 356 365 Search in Google Scholar

Tidwell, J. H. and G.L. Allan (2001): Fish as food: aquaculture’s contribution. EMBO Reports 2, 958–963. TidwellJ. H. AllanG.L. 2001 Fish as food: aquaculture’s contribution EMBO Reports 2 958 963 10.1093/embo-reports/kve236108413511713181 Search in Google Scholar

Toriz-Roldan, A., Ruiz-Vega, J., García-Ulloa, M., Hernández-Llamas, A., Fonseca-Madrigal, J. and H. Rodríguez-González (2019): Assessment of dietary supplementation levels of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, pre-Pupae meal for juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Southwestern Entomologist 44, 251–259. Toriz-RoldanA. Ruiz-VegaJ. García-UlloaM. Hernández-LlamasA. Fonseca-MadrigalJ. Rodríguez-GonzálezH. 2019 Assessment of dietary supplementation levels of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, pre-Pupae meal for juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Southwestern Entomologist 44 251 259 10.3958/059.044.0127 Search in Google Scholar

Tschirner, M. and A. Simon (2015): Influence of different growing substrates and processing on the nutrient composition of black soldier fly larvae destined for animal feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 1, 249–259. TschirnerM. SimonA. 2015 Influence of different growing substrates and processing on the nutrient composition of black soldier fly larvae destined for animal feed Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 1 249 259 10.3920/JIFF2014.0008 Search in Google Scholar

Van Huis, A. (2013): Potential of insects as food and feed in assuring food security. Annual Review of Entomology 58, 563–583. Van HuisA. 2013 Potential of insects as food and feed in assuring food security Annual Review of Entomology 58 563 583 10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-15370423020616 Search in Google Scholar

Ye, J.D., Wang, K. Li, F.D., Sun, Y.Z. and X.H. Liu (2011): Incorporation of a mixture of meat and bone meal, poultry by-product meal, blood meal and corn gluten meal as a replacement for fish meal in practical diets of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at two dietary protein levels. Aquaculture. Nutrition 17, e337–e347. YeJ.D. WangK. LiF.D. SunY.Z. LiuX.H. 2011 Incorporation of a mixture of meat and bone meal, poultry by-product meal, blood meal and corn gluten meal as a replacement for fish meal in practical diets of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at two dietary protein levels Aquaculture. Nutrition 17 e337 e347 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00768.x Search in Google Scholar

Ye, J.D., Liu, X.H., Kong, J.H., Wang, K., Sun, Y.Z., Zhang, C.X., Zhai, S.W. and K. Song (2012): The evaluation of practical diets on a basis of digestible crude protein, lysine and methionine for Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture. Nutrition 18, 651–661 YeJ.D. LiuX.H. KongJ.H. WangK. SunY.Z. ZhangC.X. ZhaiS.W. SongK. 2012 The evaluation of practical diets on a basis of digestible crude protein, lysine and methionine for Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture. Nutrition 18 651 661 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2011.00932.x Search in Google Scholar

Yigit, M., Erdem, M., Koshio, S., Ergün, S., Türker, A. and B. Karaali (2006): Substituting fish meal with poultry by‐product meal in diets for black Sea turbot (Psetta maeotica). Aquaculture Nutrition 12, 340–347. YigitM. ErdemM. KoshioS. ErgünS. TürkerA. KaraaliB. 2006 Substituting fish meal with poultry by‐product meal in diets for black Sea turbot (Psetta maeotica) Aquaculture Nutrition 12 340 347 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2006.00409.x Search in Google Scholar