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Growth performance and survival rates of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) reared on diets containing Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae meal

Rita N. Nairuti
Rita N. Nairuti
, 
Jonathan M. Munguti
Jonathan M. Munguti
, 
Herwig Waidbacher
Herwig Waidbacher
 and 
Werner Zollitsch
Werner Zollitsch
   | Sep 18, 2021
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Article Category: Research Article
Published Online: Sep 18, 2021
Page range: 9 - 19
Received: Sep 04, 2020
Accepted: Mar 29, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/boku-2021-0002
Keywords
© 2021 Rita N. Nairuti et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Growth curves for O. niloticus fed diets with varying levels of BSFLM during a 72-day culture period.Abbildung 1. Lebendmasse-Entwicklung von O. niloticus, die Futter mit unterschiedlichem BSFLM-Anteil über 72 Tage erhielten.
Growth curves for O. niloticus fed diets with varying levels of BSFLM during a 72-day culture period.Abbildung 1. Lebendmasse-Entwicklung von O. niloticus, die Futter mit unterschiedlichem BSFLM-Anteil über 72 Tage erhielten.

Composition and results from proximate analysis of test diets fed to Nile tilapia for 72 days containing different levels of black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) as a replacement for fish meal (FM)Tabelle 4. Zusammensetzung und Rohnährstoff-Gehalt von Rationen, die über 72 Tage an Tilapia verfüttert wurden und unterschiedliche Anteile an Larvenmehl der Schwarzen Soldatenfliege (BSFLM) als Ersatz für Fischmehl (FM) enthielten

Ingredient (g/kg) Test diets
D1a (0%) D2b (33%) D3c (67%) D4d (100%)
Freshwater shrimp 300 300 300 315
Fish meal 220 148 74 0
Black soldier fly larvae meal 0 98 195 293
Cotton seed cake 200 200 210 200
Sunflower seed cake 40 40 40 40
Maize germ 177 154 167 73
Starch 10 10 0 50
Fish oil 52 49 13 28
Premix 1 1 1 1
Proximate composition (g/kg)
DM 915 911 912 927
Crude protein 309 313 303 303
Ether extracts 140 116 115 153
Crude fiber 98 98 81 164
Ash 143 113 93 255
NfE 225 271 320 52
ME (MJ/kg) 11.5 12.2 12.2 11.0

Analysed Amino acid composition (g/kg feed; g/kg protein) of fish meal and black soldier fly larvae mealTabelle 2. Aminosäurezusammensetzung (g/kg Futter; g/kg Protein) von Fischmehl und Larvenmehl der Schwarzen Soldatenfliege

Essential amino acids FMa BSFLMb
g/kg feed g/kg protein g/kg feed g/kg protein
Histidine 13.6 21.8 6.5 25.7
Threonine 22.8 36.7 11.1 44.0
Arginine 33.4 53.8 13.7 54.2
Valine 28.8 46.4 16.3 64.4
Isoleucine 25.4 40.8 12.0 47.5
Phenylanine 23.8 38.3 11.7 46.2
Leucine 44.1 71.1 19.1 75.6
Lysine 42.6 68.6 16.7 66.2
Methionine 16.3 26.2 4.5 17.6
Tryptophan 5.5 8.8 3.4 13.5
Non-essential amino acids
Alanine 41.5 66.8 18.7 73.9
Tyrosine 18.8 30.2 18.0 71.3
Glycine 37.6 60.5 13.9 55.1
Asparagine 51.5 83 25.8 101.8
Glutamate 92.6 149.1 34.5 136.2
Serine 20.1 32.4 11.8 46.8
Cysteine 3.5 5.6 2.5 9.8

Calculated essential amino acid (EAA) content (g/kg feed) of the test diets used for feeding Nile tilapia in the experimental ponds for 72 days. aD1 = Diet 1, bD2 = Diet 2, cD3 = Diet 3, dD4 = Diet 4.Tabelle 3. Errechneter Gehalt an essentiellen Aminosäuren in den Rationen (g/kg Lufttrockenmasse), die über 72 Tage an Tilapia verfüttert wurden. aD1 = Ration 1, bD2 = Ration 2, cD3 = Ration 3, dD4 = Ration 4.

Essential Amino acids Test Diets
D1a (0%) D2b (33%) D3c (67%) D4d (100%)
Histidine 9.4 8.6 8.4 6.9
Threonine 16.5 15.4 14.9 13.2
Arginine 30.8 29.0 28.4 25.2
Valine 19.6 18.2 17.7 15.1
Isoleucine 16.3 15.1 14.5 12.7
Phenylanine 18.3 17.1 16.7 14.6
Leucine 29.2 27.0 26.0 22.1
Lysine 25.9 24.1 22.9 20.3
Methionine 10.5 9.7 9.2 8.1
Tryptophan 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.1

Proximate composition of the analysed ingredients used in diet formulation (as fed basis)Tabelle 1. Rohnährstoff- und Energie-Gehalt der Futterkomponenten (Angaben auf Basis Lufttrockenmasse)DM = Dry matter, NfE = Nitrogen Free Extracts, ME = Metabolizable energy.

Parameter Unit FWSa FMb BSFLMc Cottonseed cake Sunflower cake Maize germ
DM g/kg 906 937 958 905 920 894
Crude protein g/kg 666 621 253 273 423 322
Crude fibre g/kg 80 59 80 287 179 95
Ether extracts g/kg 96 124 273 86 99 114
Ash g/kg 287 300 147 53 53 32
NfE g/kg - - 205 205 166 331
ME MJ/kg 13.6 13.8 16.2 10.2 12.4 13.8

Mean, minimum and maximum values of physico-chemical parameters of the water during the experimental periodTabelle 5: Physikalisch-chemische Wasserparameter während des Versuchszeitraums (Mittelwert, Minima, Maxima)DO = Dissolved oxygen, TDS = Total dissolved solids, PO4 = Phosphates, NO2 = Nitrites, NO3 = Nitrates, NH4 = Ammonium. Values represent mean ± SD, n = 3.

Parameter Unit Mean Minimum Maximum
Temperature °C 25.8 ± 1.1 23.5 27.8
DO mg/L 6.8 ± 0.5 5.9 8.2
Conductivity μS/cm 71.6 ± 16.9 51.1 102.6
TDS mg/L 45.8 ± 9.8 33.8 63.1
Salinity mg/L 0.03 ± 0.01 0.02 0.05
pH 7.4 9
PO4 mg/L 0.002 ± 0.0004 0.002 0.003
NO2 mg/L 0.001 ± 0.0002 0 0.001
NO3 mg/L 0.001 ± 0.0002 0.001 0.002
NH4 mg/L 0.01 ± 0.001 0.01 0.01

j.boku-2021-0002.tab.006

Parameter Diet 1 (0%) Diet 2 (33%) Diet 3 (67%) Diet 4 (100%) P-value
Initial BW (g) 51.6 ± 0.53 52.2 ± 0.60 53.0 ± 0.42 52.2 ± 0.74 0.445
Final BW (g) 120.7 ± 6.98 124.5 ± 6.00 118.4 ± 7.16 112.8 ± 2.62 0.580
BWG (g) 69.1 ± 7.33 72.3 ± 6.36 65.4 ± 7.45 60.5 ± 2.11 0.587
SR (%) 96.7 ± 1.92 100.0 ± 0.00 100.0 ± 0.00 98.3 ± 1.67 0.248
SGR 1.2 ± 0.09 1.2 ± 0.08 1.1 ± 0.09 1.1 ± 0.02 0.597
FCR 1.0 ± 0.06 1.0 ± 0.06 1.0 ± 0.07 1.1 ± 0.01 0.647
PER 3.3 ± 0.20 3.4 ± 0.18 3.3 ± 0.25 3.1 ± 0.03 0.826
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