Effects of Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaf Extracts on Growth, Immune Response, and Antioxidant Functions in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Ali S., Saha S., Kaviraj A. (2020). Fermented mulberry leaf meal as fishmeal replacer in the formulation of feed for carp Labeo rohita and catfish Heteropneustes fossilis – optimization by mathematical programming. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 52: 839–849.10.1007/s11250-019-02075-xSearch in Google Scholar

Cai M., Mu L., Wang Z.L., Liu J.Y., Liu T.L., Wanapat M., Huang B.Z. (2019). Assessment of mulberry leaf as a potential feed supplement for animal feeding in P.R. China. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 32: 1145–1152.10.5713/ajas.18.0671Search in Google Scholar

Chan E.W., Lye P.Y., Wong S.K. (2016). Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical trials of Morus alba. Chin. J. Nat. Med., 14: 17–30.Search in Google Scholar

Chen C., Mohamad R.U., Saikim F.H., Mahyudin A., Mohd N.N. (2021). Morus alba L. plant: bioactive compounds and potential as a functional food ingredient. Foods, 10(3).10.3390/foods10030689Search in Google Scholar

Chen L.Y., Cheng C.W., Liang J.Y. (2015). Effect of esterification condensation on the Folin- Ciocalteu method for the quantitative measurement of total phenols. Food Chem., 170: 10–15.10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.038Search in Google Scholar

Chen X., Sheng Z., Qiu S., Yang H., Jia J., Wang J., Jiang C. (2019). Purification, characterization and in vitro and in vivo immune enhancement of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves. PLoS One, 14(1): e208611.10.1371/journal.pone.0208611Search in Google Scholar

Choi J., Kang H.J., Kim S.Z., Kwon T.O., Jeong S.I., Jang S.I. (2013). Antioxidant effect of astragalin isolated from the leaves of Morus alba L. against free radical-induced oxidative hemolysis of human red blood cells. Arch. Pharm. Res., 36: 912–917.10.1007/s12272-013-0090-xSearch in Google Scholar

Ebrahimi A., Schluesener H. (2012). Natural polyphenols against neurodegenerative disorders: potentials and pitfalls. Ageing. Res. Rev., 11: 329–345.10.1016/j.arr.2012.01.006Search in Google Scholar

El-Sayyad H.I. (2015). Cholesterol overload impairing cerebellar function: the promise of natural products. Nutrition, 31: 621–630.10.1016/j.nut.2014.10.017Search in Google Scholar

Fu Y., Zhang Q., Xu D.H., Xia H., Cai X., Wang B., Liang J. (2014). Parasiticidal effects of Morus alba root bark extracts against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infecting grass carp. Dis. Aquat. Organ., 108: 129–136.10.3354/dao02708Search in Google Scholar

Ganzon J.G., Chen L.G., Wang C.C. (2018). 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid as an antioxidant marker for mulberry leaves rich in phenolic compounds. J. Food Drug. Anal., 26: 985–993.10.1016/j.jfda.2017.11.011Search in Google Scholar

Hao J.Y., Wan Y., Yao X.H., Zhao W.G., Hu R.Z., Chen C., Li L., Zhang D.Y., Wu G.H. (2018). Effect of different planting areas on the chemical compositions and hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of mulberry leaf extracts in Southern China. PLoS One, 13(6):e198072.10.1371/journal.pone.0198072Search in Google Scholar

He X., Fang J., Ruan Y., Wang X., Sun Y., Wu N., Zhao Z., Chang Y., Ning N., Guo H., Huang L. (2018). Structures, bioactivities and future prospective of polysaccharides from Morus alba (white mulberry): A review. Food Chem., 245: 899–910.10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.084Search in Google Scholar

Hou J., He S., Ling M., Li W., Dong R., Pan Y., Zheng Y. (2010). A method of extracting ginsenosides from Panax ginseng by pulsed electric field. J. Sep. Sci., 33: 2707–2713.10.1002/jssc.201000033Search in Google Scholar

Kandylis K., Hadjigeorgiou I., Harizanis P. (2009). The nutritive value of mulberry leaves (Morus alba) as a feed supplement for sheep. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 41: 17–24.10.1007/s11250-008-9149-ySearch in Google Scholar

Kaviraj A., Mondal K., Mukhopadhyay P.K., Turchini G.M. (2013). Impact of fermented mulberry leaf and fish offal in diet formulation of Indian major carp (Labeo rohita). Proc. Zoological Society (Calcutta), 66: 64–73.10.1007/s12595-012-0052-1Search in Google Scholar

Komolka K., Bochert R., Franz G.P., Kaya Y., Pfuhl R., Grunow B. (2020). Determination and comparison of physical meat quality parameters of Percidae and Salmonidae in aquaculture. Foods, 9(4).10.3390/foods9040388723080532230897Search in Google Scholar

Kong L., Yang C., Dong L., Diao Q., Si B., Ma J., Tu Y. (2019). Rumen fermentation characteristics in pre- and post-weaning calves upon feeding with mulberry leaf flavonoids and Candida tropicalis individually or in combination as a supplement. Animals, 9: 990.10.3390/ani9110990Search in Google Scholar

Kwon D.H., Cheon J.M., Choi E.O., Jeong J.W., Lee K.W., Kim K.Y., Kim S.G., Kim S., Hong S.H., Park C., Hwang H.J., Choi Y.H. (2016). The immunomodulatory activity of Mori folium, the leaf of Morus alba L., in RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro. J. Cancer Prev., 21: 144–151.10.15430/JCP.2016.21.3.144Search in Google Scholar

Kwon D.H., Jeong J.W., Choi E.O., Lee H.W., Lee K.W., Kim K.Y., Kim S.G., Hong S.H., Kim G.Y., Park C., Hwang H.J., Son C.G., Choi Y.H. (2017). Inhibitory effects on the production of inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species by Mori folium in lipopolysaccharide- stimulated macrophages and zebrafish. An. Acad. Bras. Cienc., 89: 661–674.10.1590/0001-3765201720160836Search in Google Scholar

Li Y., Zhang X., Liang C., Hu J., Yu Z. (2018). Safety evaluation of mulberry leaf extract: Acute, subacute toxicity and genotoxicity studies. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 95: 220–226.10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.03.007Search in Google Scholar

Liang J.H., Fu Y.W., Zhang Q.Z., Xu D.H., Wang B., Lin D.J. (2015). Identification and effect of two flavonoids from root bark of Morus alba against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in grass carp. J. Agric. Food Chem., 63: 1452–1459.10.1021/jf505544eSearch in Google Scholar

Liang L., Wu X., Zhu M., Zhao W., Li F., Zou Y., Yang L. (2012). Chemical composition, nutritional value, and antioxidant activities of eight mulberry cultivars from China. Pharmacon. Mag., 8: 215–224.10.4103/0973-1296.99287Search in Google Scholar

Lin W.C., Lee M.T., Chang S.C., Chang Y.L., Shih C.H., Yu B., Lee T.T. (2017). Effects of mulberry leaves on production performance and the potential modulation of antioxidative status in laying hens. Poultry Sci., 96: 1191–1203.10.3382/ps/pew350Search in Google Scholar

Liu C.G., Ma Y.P., Zhang X.J. (2017). Effects of mulberry leaf polysaccharide on oxidative stress in pancreatic beta-cells of type 2 diabetic rats. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., 21: 2482–2488.Search in Google Scholar

Liu Y., Li Y., Peng Y., He J., Xiao D., Chen C., Li F., Huang R., Yin Y. (2019 a). Dietary mulberry leaf powder affects growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality in finishing pigs. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berlin), 103: 1934–1945.10.1111/jpn.1320331478262Search in Google Scholar

Livak K.J., Schmittgen T.D. (2001). Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods, 25: 402–408.10.1006/meth.2001.1262Search in Google Scholar

Ma Q., Santhanam R.K., Xue Z., Guo Q., Gao X., Chen H. (2018). Effect of different drying methods on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of mulberry leaves polysaccharides. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 119: 1137–1143.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.023Search in Google Scholar

Mahmoud E.A., El-Sayed B.M., Mahsoub Y.H., El-Murr A., Neamat-Allah A. (2020). Effect of Chlorella vulgaris enriched diet on growth performance, hemato-immunological responses, antioxidant and transcriptomics profile disorders caused by deltamethrin toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol., 102: 422–429.10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.061Search in Google Scholar

Miao W.G., Tang C., Ye Y., Quinn R.J., Feng Y. (2019). Traditional Chinese medicine extraction method by ethanol delivers drug-like molecules. Chin. J. Nat. Med., 17: 713–720.10.1016/S1875-5364(19)30086-XSearch in Google Scholar

Mondal K., Kaviraj A., Mukhopadhyay P.K. (2015). Growth performance of Indian minor carp Labeo bata fed varying inclusions of fermented fish-offal and mulberry leaf meal based-diets. Iran. J. Fish. Sci., 14: 567–582.Search in Google Scholar

Neamat-Allah A.N.F., El-Murr A.E.I., Abd El-Hakim Y. (2019). Dietary supplementation with low molecular weight sodium alginate improves growth, haematology, immune reactions and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Clarias gariepinus. Aquac. Res., 50: 1547–1556.10.1111/are.14031Search in Google Scholar

Neamat-Allah A.N.F., Abd El Hakim Y., Mahmoud E.A. (2020). Alleviating effects of β-glucan in Oreochromis niloticus on growth performance, immune reactions, antioxidant, transcriptomics disorders and resistance to Aeromonas sobria caused by atrazine. Aquac. Res., 51: 1801–1812.10.1111/are.14529Search in Google Scholar

Neamat-Allah A.N.F., Mahsoub Y.H., Mahmoud E.A. (2021 a). The potential benefits of dietary β-glucan against growth retardation, immunosuppression, oxidative stress and expression of related genes and susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge in Oreochromis niloticus induced by herbicide pendimethalin. Aquac. Res., 52: 518–528.10.1111/are.14910Search in Google Scholar

Neamat-Allah A., Mahmoud E.A., Mahsoub Y. (2021 b). Effects of dietary white mulberry leaves on hemato-biochemical alterations, immunosuppression and oxidative stress induced by Aeromonas hydrophila in Oreochromis niloticus. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 108: 147–156.10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.02833301933Search in Google Scholar

Oliviero F., Scanu A., Zamudio-Cuevas Y., Punzi L., Spinella P. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols in arthritis. J. Sci. Food. Agric., 98: 1653–1659.10.1002/jsfa.8664Search in Google Scholar

Passos C.P., Coimbra M.A. (2013). Microwave superheated water extraction of polysaccharides from spent coffee grounds. Carbohydr. Polym., 94: 626–633.10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.088Search in Google Scholar

Petracci M., Baeza E. (2011). Harmonization of methodologies for the assessment of poultry meat quality features. World Poultry Sci. J., 67: 417–418.10.1017/S0043933911000122Search in Google Scholar

Qaisrani S.N., Moquet P.C., van Krimpen M.M., Kwakkel R.P., Verstegen M.W., Hendriks W.H. (2014). Protein source and dietary structure influence growth performance, gut morphology, and hindgut fermentation characteristics in broilers. Poultry Sci., 93: 3053–3064.10.3382/ps.2014-04091Search in Google Scholar

Sheikhlar A., Alimon A.R., Daud H., Saad C.R., Webster C.D., Meng G.Y., Ebrahimi M. (2014). White mulberry (Morus alba) foliage methanolic extract can alleviate Aeromonas hydrophila infection in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Sci. World J., 2014: 592709.10.1155/2014/592709Search in Google Scholar

Sheikhlar A., Goh Y.M., Alimon R., Ebrahimi M. (2017). Antioxidative effects of mulberry foliage extract in African catfish diet. Aquac. Res., 48: 4409–4419.10.1111/are.13266Search in Google Scholar

Wang W., Zu Y., Fu Y., Efferth T. (2012). In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts from Morus alba L. leaves, stems and fruits. Am. J. Chin. Med., 40: 349–356.10.1142/S0192415X12500279Search in Google Scholar

Wei X., Chen M., Xiao J., Liu Y., Yu L., Zhang H., Wang Y. (2010). Composition and bioactivity of tea flower polysaccharides obtained by different methods. Carbohydr. Polym., 79: 418–422.10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.08.030Search in Google Scholar

Xiong X., Li H., Qiu N., Su L., Huang Z., Song L., Wang J. (2020). Bioconcentration and depuration of cadmium in the selected tissues of rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) and the effect of dietary mulberry leaf supplementation on depuration. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 73: 103278.10.1016/j.etap.2019.103278Search in Google Scholar

Yu Y., Ye H., Wu D., Shi H., Zhou X. (2019). Chemoenzymatic quantification for monitoring unpurified polysaccharide in rich medium. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 103: 7635–7645.10.1007/s00253-019-10042-7Search in Google Scholar

Zhao X., Yang R., Bi Y., Bilal M., Kuang Z., Iqbal H., Luo Q. (2019). Effects of dietary supplementation with mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf polysaccharides on immune parameters of weanling pigs. Animals (Basel), 10(1).10.3390/ani10010035Search in Google Scholar

Zhou J., Yuan X., Li L., Zhang T., Wang B. (2017). Comparison of different methods for extraction of Cinnamomi ramulus: yield, chemical composition and in vitro antiviral activities. Nat. Prod. Res., 31: 2909–2913.10.1080/14786419.2017.1299724Search in Google Scholar

Zou Y., Liao S., Shen W., Liu F., Tang C., Chen C.Y., Sun Y. (2012). Phenolics and antioxidant activity of mulberry leaves depend on cultivar and harvest month in Southern China. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 13: 16544–16553.10.3390/ijms131216544Search in Google Scholar